Kap 8: Konformitet og lydighed

Question 1

1. In Sherif’s experiment (1936) involving the autokinetic effect, the participants tended to converge in
   their answers when they answered in groups, while there was a bigger difference in responses when they
   answered individually. What explains this convergence of answers?
   a. Informational social influence
   b. Normative social influence
   c. Obedience to authority
   d. Norms of reciprocity

Answer 1

a

Question 2

2. Which of the following is true, according to social impact theory?
   a. People conform more to others who are physically close than to others who are physically distant.
   b. People conform more if the others are important to them.
   c. People conform more to three or more people than to one or two people.
   d. All of the answers are true.

Answer 2

d

Question 3

3. In Asch’s line studies, participants who were alone when asked to report the length of the lines gave the
   correct answer 98% of the time. However, when they were with the confederates who sometimes gave an
   obviously wrong answer, 76% of participants gave the wrong answer at least once. This suggests that
   Asch’s studies are an illustration of
   a. public compliance with private acceptance.
   b. public compliance without private acceptance.
   c. informational influence.
   d. private compliance.

Answer 3

b

Question 4

4. Which of the following is true about informational social influence?
   a. When deciding whether to conform, people should ask themselves whether the other people know
   more about what is going on than they do.
   b. People should always try to resist it.
   c. People are most likely to conform when others have the same level of expertise as they do.
   d. Often, people publicly conform but do not privately accept this kind of influence.

Answer 4

a

Question 5

5. In the experiment by Reno, Cialdini, and Kalligren (1983), the confederate’s littering behavior was
   Expected to remind participants of a/an ____ norm against littering in the clean environment. Seeing the
   confederate picking up someone else’s litter invoked the ____ norm that littering is wrong in both the
   clean as well as littered environments.
   a. social; descriptive
   b. injunctive; descriptive
   c. descriptive; injunctive
   d. informational; injunctive

Answer 5

c

Question 6

6. Which of these statements is not true?
   a. Both normative and informational social influence can occur for a particular situation.
   b. Normative social influence occurs when we change or conform our behavior to match that of others.
   c. In the Asch line-judgment studies, the main source of social influence was normative.
   d. Normative social influence usually leads to a more internalized, private attitude change.

Answer 6

d

Question 7

7. Nancy gets to know that the city officials want to construct a new highway near her house. Initially she
   wasn’t sure if this was a good or a bad idea. A few days later, she attends a city council meeting where she
   hears several viewpoints and arguments presented before the audience. She also obtains detailed
   information about the highway project. After the meeting is over, she returns home and tells her
   neighbors that the new highway seems like a good idea. Nancy’s change in attitude regarding the project
   reflects a
   a. public compliance.
   b. private acceptance.
   c. normative social influence.
   d. boomerang effect.

Answer 7

b

Question 8

8. In Milgram’s research study,
   a. participants were informed about the true nature of the study.
   b. informed consent was taken from the participants.
   c. it was made clear to participants that they could withdraw from the study at any time.
   d. participants were not informed about the true nature of the study.

Answer 8

d

Question 9

9. Which of the following strategies of social influence creates a situation similar to that experienced by
   Milgram’s study in that it relies on requests that increase in severity in incremental fashion?
   a. Contagion
   b. Foot-in-the-door technique
   c. Door-in-the-face technique
   d. Descriptive norms

Answer 9

b

Question 10

10. The police were called up to break an argument between Julianna and Tim. The couple lived together,
    but the police told Tim to spend the night at a friend’s house. Tim did what the police told him to do. This
    is an example of _______
    a. informational social influence.
    b. normative social influence.
    c. obedience.
    d. conformity.

Answer 10

c