Kap 5: Selvet: Forståelsen af os selv i en social kontekst

Question 1

1. Which of the following statements is least true, according to research on self-knowledge?
   a. The best way to “know thyself” is to look inward, introspecting about ourselves.
   b. Sometimes the best way to know ourselves is to see what we do.
   c. We often try to figure out ourselves by comparing ourselves to others.
   d. One way we know ourselves is by using theories we learn from our culture.

Answer 1

a

Question 2

2. Which of the following is not a function of the self?
   a. Self-knowledge
   b. Self-control
   c. Impression management
   d. Self-criticism

Answer 2

d

Question 3

3. Which of the following people would most likely have an interdependent sense of self?
   a. Talia, a 40-year-old Filipino who doesn’t mind living with her parents and siblings for most of her adult
   life.
   b. Huáng, a 30-year-old Chinese who believes his parents play an important role in defining who he is as a
   person.
   c. Kohinoor, an 18-year-old Indian who is not comfortable with the idea of interacting with people outside
   of her familiar social circle.
   d. All of the above.

Answer 3

d

Question 4

4. David has been brought up in a home where nobody ever smoked or drank alcohol. He also never liked
   the idea of smoking or drinking. Although he was very cautious while making friends in high school, he
   finds out that all of his friends were either smoking or drinking whenever they got together. When he
   confronted them about it, none of them thought there was anything wrong in drinking and smoking.
   Several times David’s friends force him to try drinking alcohol. At times, under pressure, he drank alcohol
   but felt terribly upset later. Which of the following would be the best way for David to deal with the
   situation?
   a. He could become self-conscious and a judgmental observer of himself so that he does not yield to peer
   pressure.
   b. He could stop meeting these friends so as to not fall prey to peer pressure.
   c. He could think of changing his internal standards and values so that he could enjoy the company of his
   friends.
   d. He could avoid being self-aware so as not to feel terrible about violating his values.

Answer 4

d

Question 5

5. Which of the following statements is an example of causal theories about feelings and behavior?
   a. I work as hard as possible to feel good. My teachers and parents are very happy with me.
   b. I will find time to give company to my parents to make them feel that I care for them. This will make
   them feel very happy.
   c. I shall pursue a course of study that I really enjoy. This will help me to choose a profession of my choice
   later.
   d. I unnecessarily got angry at my friend today. I think my disturbed sleep last night has a lot to do with
   my anger outburst in the morning

Answer 5

c

Question 6

6. Suppose a group of young boys recently rent the house next to yours. They play loud music all day
   long. As a student of psychology, you decide to do an experiment and pay them $5 each for playing the
   music. You continue doing this for the next three days. On the fourth day, you decide not to pay them
   anymore. What would you expect to happen?
   a. They will play the music as usual.
   b. They will play the music even louder.
   c. They will stop playing the music.
   d. Paying them will have no effect at all.

Answer 6

c

Question 7

7. In a running competition, only the first three runners who pass the finish line win a prize. Bobby wins
   the first prize, Jack is the first runner-up, and Mike is the second runner-up. However, it is evident that
   Jack appears to be more disappointed than Mike. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?
   a. Jack engaged in upward social comparison, whereas Mike engaged in downward social comparison.
   b. Jack engaged in downward social comparison, whereas Mike engaged in upward social comparison.
   c. Jack engaged in impression comparison, whereas Mike engaged in self-knowledge comparison.
   d. Jack engaged in self-knowledge comparison, whereas Mike engaged in impression comparison.

Answer 7

a

Question 8

8. Every time Dolly gave a piano performance, the entire school truly appreciated her. Seeing her deep
   passion for playing the piano, her school principal decides to give her a cash prize for performing better
   and better each time. This is an example of
   a. task-contingent reward.
   b. intrinsic reward.
   c. performance-contingent reward.
   d. fixed-reward.

Answer 8

d

Question 9

9. Which of the following is true about learning about others’ attitudes, motives, and emotions?
   a. We learn about others’ attitudes, motives, and emotions by observing their behavior.
   b. We learn about others’ attitudes, motives, and emotions by observing the conditions under which
   behavior takes place.
   c. We get to understand others better by observing the role models they follow and the environment in
   which they live.
   d. Both a and b are true.

Answer 9

d

Question 10

10. Which of the following is the best strategy for increasing self-control in oneself?
    a. I have the willpower and I know I will complete my work today itself.
    b. I am really going to study hard for my history test this week.
    c. I am going to study till late night. If my friend calls asking me to accompany him for a movie, I shall tell
    him that I will go with him the next time.
    d. Before sitting down to study, I will pray for some time to feel more energetic to study.

Answer 10

c