Kap 12: Aggression: hvorfor gør vi andre ondt? Kan vi forhindre det?

Question 1

1. Which one of the following factors has been found to be associated with an increase in aggression?
   a. Economic inequality
   b. Bodily discomfort
   c. Mere presence of weapons
   d. All of the above

Answer 1

d

Question 2

2. What does the research on cultures of honor suggest about the relationship between testosterone and
   aggression?
   a. It explains why men are more aggressive than women across cultures.
   b. It shows that testosterone and aggression are unrelated.
   c. It shows that culture affects when and why men can be provoked to become aggressive.
   d. It shows that culture has little effect on the basic biology of testosterone in men.

Answer 2

c

Question 3

3. Relational aggression refers to
   a. behaving violently against one’s relations.
   b. the negative effects of aggression on one’s relationships.
   c. expressing aggression indirectly by manipulating a relationship.
   d. having sexual relations with the target of one’s aggression.

Answer 3

c

Question 4

4. In terms of physical aggression, men are more likely than women to
   a. engage in public displays of violence.
   b. behave aggressively to defend their honor or status.
   c. hit or slap a spouse or partner.
   d. All of the answers are correct.
   e. Answers a and b are correct.

Answer 4

b

Question 5

5. Which of the following statements about the relationship between heat and aggression is true?
   a. Heat reduces our tendency to be aggressive because it makes us feel tired.
   b. Crime rates are found to increase on days when the temperature is higher than usual.
   c. Heat does not make us more aggressive, but rather it is presence of other people outside during a hot
   day that make us aggressive.
   d. Heat represents the concept of hell which in turn makes other concepts like violence more salient in
   people’s minds.

Answer 5

b

Question 6

6. According to social-cognitive learning theory, Xiang is more likely to hit his classmate Robert after
   being provoked by him if
   a. Xiang learned from another friend that the only way to retaliate to such a provocation is to be
   physically violent.
   b. Xiang thought about his probability of winning and believed it was high.
   c. Xiang believed that Robert deserved a punch on his face.
   d. Xiang assumed that Robert will not fight back.

Answer 6

a

Question 7

7. What does research suggest is the most reasonable conclusion about the effects of media violence?
   a. They have an effect, but primarily on children already predisposed to aggression.
   b. They have a strong effect, making most young children more aggressive.
   c. They have virtually no effect.
   d. Their effects depend on whether children are watching cartoons, television, or movies.

Answer 7

a

Question 8

8. Harsh punishment to control aggressive behavior usually backfires because the children tend to
   a. become more aggressive and antisocial over time.
   b. pass on their aggression to their peers.
   c. get hooked on to violent games to retaliate.
   d. stop defending themselves and get bullied.

Answer 8

a

Question 9

9. What does research find about the validity of the catharsis theory?
   a. Supported: It is usually beneficial to ventilate anger and get it out of your system.
   b. Supported: Playing or watching violent sports reduces aggression.
   c. Disconfirmed: Expressing anger often makes people angrier.
   d. Disconfirmed: Acting out anger is healthy for physical but not psychological reasons.
   e. Both answers a and b are correct.

Answer 9

c

Question 10

10. Which of the following concepts holds that blowing off steam reduces the likelihood of further
aggressive behavior?
a. Actively enabling
b. Catharsis
c. Psychic numbing
d. Self-awareness

Answer 10

b