Kap 11: prosocial adfærd: Hvorfor hjæler folk?

Question 1

1. Which of the following is not a way in which evolutionary theory explains prosocial behavior?
   a. Social exchange
   b. Kin selection
   c. Reciprocity norm
   d. Group selection

Answer 1

? (mangler svar i svararket :0 )

Question 2

2. Brian rescues a bird that is stuck in a broken window and badly injured. He takes the bird to a vet,
   where proper medical attention is given to it. Brian takes good care of the bird till it is fit to fly again.
   According to the social exchange theory, why do people help?
   a. People often get distressed to see others in trouble and help others at least in part to relieve their own
   distress.
   b. When people feel empathy toward others, they help, provided there is something in it for them.
   c. Helping others gives a sense of joy and uplifts one’s mood, which spills over to other activities.
   d. Helping is an innate reaction that surfaces when we see others in distress.

Answer 2

a

Question 3

3. Research on prosocial behavior finds that religious people:
   a. help others more than nonreligious people do in virtually all ways.
   b. show more compassion toward needy strangers than do nonreligious people.
   c. are more likely to help than other people are if the person in need of shares their beliefs, but are not
   more likely to help strangers.
   d. actually help others less than do nonreligious people.

Answer 3

c

Question 4

4. Betty has won the best student award in her class. It is a proud moment for her. Nevertheless, she is in a
   sad mood because her best friend, who helped her during the semester, did not get good grades. On her
   way back, Betty comes across a man who looks pale and hungry. How likely is Betty to help the man and
   why?
   a. Very likely because helping the man will make her feel good.
   b. Very unlikely because she may not even notice the man.
   c. Very likely because helping the man may uplift her mood.
   d. Very unlikely because she is feeling miserable and in no mood to help.

Answer 4

c

Question 5

5. When a situation is ambiguous, people are less likely to help because
   a. they lose interest in the situation due to emotional indifference.
   b. they assume that they don’t have enough knowledge in order to be of help.
   c. they are from small towns.
   d. they fall victim to pluralistic ignorance and worry that their judgment was wrong.

Answer 5

d

Question 6

6. Which of the following is not a reason why being in a good mood tends to increase prosocial behavior?
   a. Good moods make us view situations more positively, and thus we are more likely to give people the
   benefit of the doubt.
   b. Helping prolongs good moods.
   c. Good moods make us pay more attention to the possible rewards for helping.
   d. Good moods increase how much attention we pay to ourselves, which makes us more likely to act
   according to our values.

Answer 6

c

Question 7

7. Which of the following is false about prosocial behaviors?
   a. The more people engage in an online chatroom, the more likely they are to help.
   b. Prosocial video games can elicit helping behaviors.
   c. Songs with prosocial lyrics are useful in promoting prosocial behavior.
   d. People may not evaluate the benefits and cost of helping before they decide to help or not.

Answer 7

a

Question 8

8. Inside the public library were Mary and a few other people working on their own. Some were reading
   while others were laying their heads down against the tables for a good nap. As Mary was studying, she
   felt a sharp pain in her head and, within seconds, fell unconscious against her desk, making her look like
   one of the nappers. Worse, Mary received no help from anyone around her even though it was clear that
   Mary was leaning only slightly against her desk. According to the five-step model of help, it is likely that
   people around Mary failed to help her because
   a. they were not aware of the presence of Mary at all.
   b. they did not know Mary was in critical condition.
   c. they knew Mary was in critical condition but did not know how to help.
   d. they knew Mary was in critical condition but thought others would step up to help.

Answer 8

d

Question 9

9. Which of the following is true about prosocial behavior?
   a. How often people have moved from one place to another influences how helpful they are.
   b. There is no effect of personality on prosocial behavior.
   c. Being in a bad mood decreases prosocial behavior.
   d. Being in a good mood decreases prosocial behavior.

Answer 9

a

Question 10

10. Which of the following behavior is least likely to elicit a prosocial behavior toward someone in need of
    help?
    a. Singling out one person from the crowd to ask for help.
    b. Making it amply clear that it is an emergency situation.
    c. Displaying one’s bloody wounds to evoke empathy.
    d. Asking for help from someone who does not seem too busy.

Answer 10

c