Kap 4: Social perception; Hvordan vi forstår andre mennesker

Question 1

1. “Body language experts” are now commonly found in almost all social and political debates. The
   nonverbal information from celebrities or political figures is interpreted by these experts through
   a. body posture.
   b. eye gaze.
   c. voice.
   d. orchestration of body posture, eye gaze, and voice.

Answer 1

a

Question 2

2. Which of the following psychological phenomena shows the least cultural variation?
   a. Self-serving attributions
   b. Preferences regarding eye contact and personal space
   c. Anger facial expressions
   d. Fundamental attribution error

Answer 2

c

Question 3

3. During her three-month visit to the United States, Rose had an opportunity to meet people from
   diverse cultures from all over the world. She grew fond of analyzing their facial expressions while meeting
   them at various occasions. She observed that _______ women were often trying to hide a wide smile,
   whereas _______ women smiled broadly without any hesitation.
   a. African American; Indian
   b. Japanese; British
   c. Japanese; American
   d. African American; Australian

Answer 3

c

Question 4

4. According to Kelley’s covariation model of attribution, which of the following would lead people to
   make an external attribution?
   a. High Consensus, High Distinctiveness, and Low Consistency
   b. High Consensus, High Distinctiveness, and High Consistency
   c. Low Consensus, Low Distinctiveness, and High Consistency
   d. High Consensus, Low Distinctiveness, and Low Consistency

Answer 4

b

Question 5

5. Mr. Rowe and Ms. Dabney meet on a blind date. They get along well until they get into his black
   convertible to go to a movie. Ms. Dabney is quiet and reserved for the rest of the evening. It turns out that
   her brother had recently been in a serious accident in that same type of car and seeing it brought up
   those unwanted emotions. Mr. Rowe assumes that Ms. Dabney has a cold and reserved personality,
   thereby demonstrating
   a. a belief in a just world.
   b. the fundamental attribution error.
   c. perceptual salience.
   d. insufficient justification.

Answer 5

c

Question 6

6. Suppose a certain student, Jake, falls asleep during every chemistry class. Further suppose that Jake is
   the only one who falls asleep in this class and he falls asleep in all of his other classes. According to
   Kelley’s covariation theory of attribution, how will people explain his behavior?
   a. It results from something unusual about this particular class because his behavior is low in consensus,
   high in distinctiveness, and high in consistency.
   b. Chemistry is really a boring class because Jake’s behavior is high in consensus, high in distinctiveness,
   and high in consistency.
   c. It results from something unusual about Jake because his behavior is low in consensus, low in
   distinctiveness, and high in consistency.
   d. It results from something peculiar about the circumstances on a particular day because his behavior is
   high in consensus.

Answer 6

c

Question 7

7. According to the two-step attribution process, heavy cognitive load that might lead to mental
   exhaustion or mental busyness is most likely to impair which one of the following?
   a. Automatic categorization of behaviors
   b. Dispositional attributions of behavior
   c. Attributional adjustment for situational factors
   d. Motivation to form impressions of the target

Answer 7

c

Question 8

8. Lee is from Japan and Misha is from Australia. Both participate in an experiment in which they take a
   creativity test, and are given feedback that they did very well. They are then asked to make attributions for
   their performance. Based on cross-cultural research on the self-serving bias, you would expect that
   a. Misha but not Lee will say that she succeeded due to her high intellectual ability.
   b. neither Misha nor Lee will say that they succeeded due to their high intellectual ability.
   c. both Misha and Lee will say that they succeeded due to their high intellectual ability.
   d. Lee but not Misha will say that he succeeded due to his high intellectual ability.

Answer 8

a

Question 9

9. Which of the following statements best describes cultural differences in the fundamental attribution
   error?
   a. Members of collectivist cultures rarely make dispositional attributions.
   b. Members of Western cultures rarely make dispositional attributions.
   c. Members of collectivist cultures are more likely to go beyond dispositional explanations, considering
   information about the situation as well.
   d. Members of Western cultures are more likely to go beyond dispositional explanations, considering
   information about the situation as well.

Answer 9

c

Question 10

10. Florine will most likely conclude that Jeremy’s shy behavior has something to do with his introverted
    personality when his shy behavior is _______
    a. high in consistency, low in consensus, and low in distinctiveness.
    b. high in consensus, high in consistency, and low in distinctiveness.
    c. low in consensus, low in distinctiveness, and low in consistency.
    d. high in consensus, high in distinctiveness, and high in consistency.

Answer 10

a