Kap 4. Social beliefs and judgements Flashcards
priming
activating particular associations in memory
belief perseverance
persistence of one´s initial conceptions, as when the basis for one´s belief is discredited but an explanation of why belief might be true survives
Misinformation effect
incorporating ´misinformation´into one´s memory of the event, after witnessing an event and receving misleading information
controlled processing
mental activities that require conscious, deliberate and reflective thinking
automatic processing
mental activities happening with little or no conscious awareness. This is both effortless and habitual
Fundamental attrubution error
the tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others´behaviour.
(also called corresponcence bias, because we so often see behaviour as corresponding t a dispostion)
social encoding
the process of getting social information into memory.
It comprises initally attending to and perceiving social information, understanding it and making connections with information already in memory. Our previous social experiences are a very important part of the process
Kulechov effect
An effect that film-makers can control people´s perceptions of emotion by manipulating the setting in which they see a face
overconfidence phenomenon
the tendency to be more confident than correct
- to overestimate the accuracy of one´s beliefs
confirmation bias
a tendency to search for information that confirms one´s preconceptions, rather than considering opposing information
Heuristic
a thinking strategy and problemsolving method that enables quick and easy judgements and search procedures
Tommelfinger regel
availability heuristic
a rule of thumb that judges the likelihood of things based on their availability in memory. If something comes readily to mind, we presume it to be commonplace
illusion of control
perception of uncontrollale events as subjects to one´s control or as more controllable than they are
Illusory correlation
perception of a relationship where none exists or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
regression towards the average
the statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behaviour to return towards one´s average