Kap. 10 Helping Flashcards
Altruism
a motive to increase another´s welfare without conscious regard for one´s self-interests
Egoism
a motive (supposedly underlying all behavior) to increase one´s own welfare. The opposite of altruism, which aims to increase another´s welfare
Social-exhange theory
the theory that human interactions are most accurately described as social transactions between people, where people exchange reward and costs
theory of mind
the ability to attribute mental states to others and oneself. To be able to see the world from someone else´s point of view
adaptive goals
goals which, when mastered, help an individual in the long term
reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Social-responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those needing help
Social role theory
proposes that differences between the genders is due to social conditioning and cultural values, rather than biological sex
Filial piety
a child´s acknowledgement of the cost borne by their parents in raising them, and repaid in terms of reciprocal care for those parents. The term can also extend to outward displays of respect for deceased ancestors
Empathy
the capasity of sharing or vicariously experiencing other people´s feelings
Bystander effect
the finding that the presence of several bystanders makes less likely that people will provide help. This tendency is often explained by disseminated responsibility and social comparison
Illusion of transparency
the illusion that our concealed emotion leak out and can be easily read by others
overjustification effect
the result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing
Moral exclusion
the perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness. Moral inclusion is regarding others as within one´s circle as within one´s circle of moral concern
