KAfli 15 Flashcards
Who among the following managers most likely agrees with Theory X?
A.
Shu-hua, who believes that people are primarily driven by money
B.
Nikita, who believes that people enjoy responsibilities
C.
Aaron, who believes that people want to make a better life for themselves
D.
Fergal, who believes that people are naturally creative
A.
Shu-hua, who believes that people are primarily driven by money
Who amongst the following employees of a restaurant is most likely to stay motivated because of the opportunities to learn new things on the job?
A.
Tim, a high school dropout, who is employed as a server but also often bartends, takes inventory or manages the cash register
B.
Rhonda, an experienced event manager who is employed as the catering manager and also acts as a proxy for the customer service manager
C.
Ruby, a culinary graduate who is employed as the pastry chef and enjoys the autonomy to experiment with desserts and other baked goods
D.
Raul, a person with many years of experience in the wine industry, who is employed as the wine steward and gets to pick wines for the restaurant
A.
Tim, a high school dropout, who is employed as a server but also often bartends, takes inventory or manages the cash register
Which of the following is true of the psychological contract between an employee and an organisation?
A.
It cannot be modified even if contexts or individual circumstances change.
B.
It cannot be breached once the employee and the organisation sign the legal contract.
C.
It is a detailed, clearly written document that includes all the expectations of the organisation from the employee.
D.
It includes an implicit understanding of the expectations and commitments between the employee and the organisation.
D.
It includes an implicit understanding of the expectations and commitments between the employee and the organisation.
In the context of the psychological contract, which of the following is true of perceived organisational support (POS)?
A.
It changes the components of the psychological contract to the extent that none of the parties involved can be satisfied.
B.
It has no bearing on the psychological contract.
C.
It lessens the impact of the breach of the psychological contract.
D.
It includes the measures taken by employers to influence employees’ beliefs about the organisation.
C.
It lessens the impact of the breach of the psychological contract.
Jayden has been working in the field of marketing for more than fifteen years. He has been with his current organisation for almost eight years. According to the findings of Low et al. (2016), which of the following is most likely to be his expectation from his company in return for his contributions?
A.
To be assigned interesting work
B.
To be recognised and promoted
C.
To be encouraged to take initiative
D.
To be groomed by an experienced mentor
B.
To be recognised and promoted
Which of the following actions by the management of a company exemplifies a behaviour modification technique?
A.
Clearly stating what is expected from employees and providing them the means to accomplish their tasks
B.
Giving incentives to employees every time they meet their productivity targets
C.
Ensuring that the pay and other rewards are equivalent to the work done by the employees
D.
Creating a friendly and positive environment in the workplace to keep the employees satisfied
B.
Giving incentives to employees every time they meet their productivity targets
Creating a friendly and positive environment in the workplace to keep the employees satisfied
Paragraph locked by Vilborg Ólafía Jóhannsdóttir - HI
Alderfer (1972) believed that existence needs affect motivation. On which of the following theories was Alderfer’s theory of motivation based?
A.
Locke and Latham’s Theory
B.
Adams’s theory
C.
Maslow’s theory
D.
Vroom’s theory
C.
Maslow’s theory
Which of the following is a difference between behaviour modification theories and content theories?
A.
Behaviour modification theories focus on the use of reinforcement, whereas content theories focus on the needs of people.
B.
Behaviour modification theories focus on internal rewards, whereas content theories focus on external rewards.
C.
Behaviour modification theories focus on the perception of fairness, whereas content theories focus on actual fairness.
D.
Behaviour modification theories focus on modifying job characteristics, whereas content theories focus on improving context satisfaction.
A.
Behaviour modification theories focus on the use of reinforcement, whereas content theories focus on the needs of people.
Ramona is the sales manager for a household appliances company. Her sales team’s performance was below average in the past quarter. She wants to motivate her team and has announced a performance-linked incentive. According to expectancy theory, which of the following should Ramona do to motivate her team?
A.
She should set broad rather than specific goals.
B.
She should let her team know that only a few employees will receive an incentive because the goal is difficult to achieve.
C.
She should avoid disclosing the details behind the grading system to ensure confidentiality.
D.
She should ensure that the goal is attainable with hard work.
D.
She should ensure that the goal is attainable with hard work.
According to equity theory, who among the following managers is most likely to keep his employees motivated?
A.
Mustafa, who uses his discretion and expertise to informally decide how much incentive each employee should receive
B.
Aleja, who pays employees according to their credentials but actively discourages them from discussing their compensation with each other
C.
Stella, who ensures that all her employees in the same grade get the same compensation irrespective of the work they do
D.
Ali, who ensures that all his employees feel that their compensation is proportionate to the job they do
D.
Ali, who ensures that all his employees feel that their compensation is proportionate to the job they do
Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB)?
A.
Sara, a project manager, always invites inputs from her entire team for every major decision she makes.
B.
Jennifer, a marketing assistant, always completes the work assigned to her on time.
C.
Leon, a training manager, ensures that every employee completes training successfully before starting work.
D.
Abed, a data analyst, always finds time to listen to his colleagues when they are stressed because of work.
D.
Abed, a data analyst, always finds time to listen to his colleagues when they are stressed because of work.
Declan, a computer store manager, meets his sales team at the end of every quarter and gives them a performance feedback. Although Declan keeps the sales targets high, he consults his team members to ensure that the targets are achievable and not unrealistic. He also prefers to clearly state the minimum number of computers each employee needs to sell to ensure that all employees know what is expected of them. Which of the following process theories of motivation does the given scenario best exemplify?
A.
Equity theory
B.
Goal-setting theory
C.
Reinforcement theory
D.
Two-factor theory
B.
Goal-setting theory
Which of the following statements correctly identifies examples of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards?
A.
Promotion is an extrinsic reward, whereas satisfaction is an intrinsic reward.
B.
Salary is an extrinsic reward, whereas a paid vacation is an intrinsic reward.
C.
An increase in pay is an extrinsic reward, whereas an award for performance is an intrinsic reward.
D.
Skill utilisation is an extrinsic reward, whereas as sense of achievement is an intrinsic reward.
A.
Promotion is an extrinsic reward, whereas satisfaction is an intrinsic reward.
Job characteristics theory identifies three psychological states that must be present to achieve high motivation. What are the five job characteristics that influence these psychological states?
A.
Skill variety, knowledge, task identity, experienced meaningfulness and context satisfaction
B.
Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback
C.
Skill variety, perceived responsibility, task significance, knowledge of results and feedback
D.
Skill depth, task fluency, task significance, perceived responsibility and context satisfaction
B.
Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback
The employees of the company that Gamma Chemical took over were demotivated despite now having secure jobs and higher pay. Which of the following changes did Gamma Chemical make to motivate them?
A.
It provided them with cross-training to facilitate their growth.
B.
It reduced their anxiety by providing clear instructions and procedures to be followed for all the tasks.
C.
It assigned the employees to specific tasks so that each employee could focus on his or her task and gain expertise on it.
D.
It assigned mentors to all the employees.
A.
It provided them with cross-training to facilitate their growth.
