KA6: Transport Systems - Animals

Question 1

What does blood transport?

Answer 1

Nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

Question 2

What does blood contain?

Answer 2

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma

Question 3

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 3

Carry oxygen around the body and contain haemoglobin which oxygen attatched to within the red blood cell

Question 4

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 4

Part of the immune system and fight off microbes

Question 5

What do plasma do?

Answer 5

A liquid that carries blood cells

Question 6

What do white blood cells destroy?

Answer 6

Pathogens

Question 7

What are pathogens?

Answer 7

Disease-causing micro-organisms that include viruses, bacteria and fungi

Question 8

What are the two main white blood cells?

Answer 8

Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 9

What are the stages of phagocytosis?

Answer 9

Phagocytes detect and move towards a pathogen
They create a vacuole that engulfs the pathogen
Digestive enzymes within the phagocyte breakdown the pathogen

Question 10

What do lymphocytes produce?

Answer 10

Antibodies

Question 11

How to antibodies work?

Answer 11

Attatches to antigen which is on a pathogen
Antibodies are specific to the shape of the antigen
Once attatched, they deactivate the pathogen

Question 12

What are antigens?

Answer 12

Surface proteins found on all cells

Question 13

What are the features of a red blood cell?

Answer 13

No nucleus for more haemoglobin
Biconcave shape for more surface area
Have haemoglobin to bind to oxygen molecules

Question 14

Where is oxygen diffused?

Answer 14

Into the blood at the lungs

Question 15

What is the word equation for diffusing oxygen? (lungs)

Answer 15

Haemoglobin + oxygen ——in the lungs——> oxyhaemoglobin

Question 16

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 16

A protein that binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin

Question 17

What is oxyhaemoglobin used for?

Answer 17

Carries oxygen around red blood cells until the oxygen is transported to cells that need it for respiration

Question 18

What is the word equation for diffusing oxygen? (tissue)

Answer 18

Haemoglobin + oxygen <—-in the tissue—— oxyhaemoglobin

Question 19

What does the circulatory system consist of?

Answer 19

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

Question 20

Where does blood flow in the circulatory system?

Answer 20

Through the heart twice

Question 21

What is the heart?

Answer 21

A muscular pump made up of 4 chambers, blood vessels and valves

Question 22

What do valves do?

Answer 22

Prevent the back flow of blood

Question 23

What happens on the right side of the heart?

Answer 23

Blood enters through the vena cava into the right atrium into the right ventricle
Blood in the right side of the heart is de-oxygenated
Leaves through the pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs for oxygen

Question 24

What happens on the left side of the lungs?

Answer 24

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium into the left ventricle and leaves via the aorta to travel round the body

Question 25

Where are the valves?

Answer 25

Between the atriums and ventricles

Question 26

What do arteries do?

Answer 26

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 27

What do veins do?

Answer 27

Carry blood to the heart

Question 28

What are the features of the heart?

Answer 28

Pulmonary artery & vein Vena cava (vein) Aorta (artery) Right & left atrium Valves Right & left ventricle

Question 29

What does the coronary artery do?

Answer 29

Branch off of the aorta and supplied the heart with oxygen and glucose for aerobic respiration allowing the heart to contract

Question 30

What do arteries have?

Answer 30

Thick muscular wall to pump blood at a high pressure away from the heart

Question 31

What do capillaries do?

Answer 31

Branch off arteries into networks and carry blood through tissues and organs for efficient material exchange

Question 32

What do capillaries have?

Answer 32

Thin walls and a large surface area to make exchanging materials easier

Question 33

What do veins have?

Answer 33

Valves Thin muscular wall and a wide central tunnel as less pressure is required