KA6: Respiration

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

A series of enzyme-controlled reactions that all cells use to release the chemical energy stored in glucose

Question 2

What is the source of energy in our cells

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

What is the energy released from the breakdown of glucose used for

Answer 3

To generate ATP from ADP and an inorganic phosphate

Question 4

What is ADP + Pi

Answer 4

Adenosine trip-phosphate + inorganic phosphate

Question 5

What are the used of energy from respiration (5)

Answer 5

Cell Division
Heat
Muscle cell contraction
Transmission of nerve impulses
Protein sythesis

Question 6

?? -> ?? -> ?? + ?? -> ?? -> ??

Answer 6

Resporation of glucose -> Energy used ->ATP + ADP Pi -> Energy released -> Cellular Processes

Question 7

What does aerobic mean?

Answer 7

Oxygen is present

Question 8

What is stage 1 of aerobic respiration

Answer 8

Glycolysis

Question 9

What is stage 2 of aerobic respiration

Answer 9

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 10

What are the steps of glycolysis

Answer 10

1. Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate
2. Involves a series of enzyme controlled reactions
3. Releases 2 molecules of ATP

Question 11

Where does glycolysis take place

Answer 11

The cytoplasm

Question 12

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

What is the diagram for glycolysis?

Answer 13

Glucose
2ADP + Pi | Series of enzyme
2ATP | controlled reactions
\/
2 molecules of pyruvate

Question 14

What are the stages of Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 14

1. Both molecules of pyruvate are broken down into carbon dioxide and water if oxygen is present
2. This is in a series of enzyme controlled reactions and releases 36 ATP

Question 15

What is the diagram of the Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 15

2 molecules of Pyruvate + Oxygen
| Series of enzyme
36 ATP | controlled reactions
<—————
\/
Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 16

38 ATP is made from what

Answer 16

1 molecule of glucose

Question 17

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 17

Glucose + Oxygen <Enzymes> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP</Enzymes>

Question 18

The higher the energy requirement of a cell…

Answer 18

The greater the number of mitochondria present in the cell

Question 19

What cells contain lots of mitochondria

Answer 19

Muscle and sperm

Question 20

What is a respirometer used for?

Answer 20

Rate of respiration

Question 21

What is fermentation?

Answer 21

The breakdown of glucose when oxygen is absent

Question 22

Where does fermentation occur?

Answer 22

Animal cells
Plant and yeast cells

Question 23

What is the diagram for fermentation in animal cells?

Answer 23

Glucose
| 2ATP
| ——->
\/
2 molecules of pyruvate
| /\
\/ |
Lactate

Question 24

What are the steps of fermentation in animal cells?

Answer 24

1. Glycolysis still takes place as oxygen is not required
2. Since there is no oxygen, pyruvate is converted into lactate
3. When oxygen is present, lactate is converted back to pyruvate then the citric acid cycle occurs

Question 25

Where does fermentation reaction occur?

Answer 25

Cytoplasm

Question 26

What is the word equation for fermentation in animal cells

Answer 26

Glucose <Enzymes> Pyruvate <No> Lactate + Some energy</No></Enzymes>

Question 27

Why do our muscles become sore

Answer 27

Because of lactate

Question 28

What is the diagram for fermentation in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 28

Glucose
| 2ATP
| ——->
\/
2 molecules of pyruvate
|
\/
Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol

Question 29

What are the stages of fermentation in plant and yeast cells

Answer 29

1. Glycolysis still takes place as oxygen is not required
2. Since no oxygen is present, pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol
3. This is not reversivle and no ATP molecules are released

Question 30

What is the word equation for fermentation in plant and yeast cells?

Answer 30

Glucose <Enzymes> Pyruvate <No> Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol + Some energy</No></Enzymes>