KA5: Transport Systems - Plants

Question 1

What do plant organs include

Answer 1

Leaves
Roots
Stem

Question 2

What is water used for

Answer 2

Photosynthesis
Support
Transport of minerals and sugar
Cooling through evaporation

Question 3

How to roots absorb water and minerals?

Answer 3

Through their root hairs

Question 4

Why do root hairs have a large surface area?

Answer 4

So that more water and minerals can be absorbed

Question 5

How do water and minerals diffuse into root hairs

Answer 5

From the soil by osmosis

Question 6

Where are the water abd minerals transported to

Answer 6

Dead cells called xylem

Question 7

What does the xylem do

Answer 7

Transports water and minerals to the rest of the plant through the stem

Question 8

How does xylem push the water through to the leaves?

Answer 8

Maintaining high pressure

Question 9

How are xylem structured?

Answer 9

With rings of lignin

Question 10

What does lignin do?

Answer 10

Allows xylem to withstand changes in pressure as water moves through the plant

Question 11

What is the function of the vein (plants)

Answer 11

Contains xylem and phloem to allow the transport of water to the leaves and transport of sugar away from the leaves

Question 12

What is the function of the mesophyll cells?

Answer 12

Has lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 13

What is the function of the stomata

Answer 13

Pores that allows carbon dioxide to enter and water and oxygen to leave

Question 14

What is the function of the guard cells

Answer 14

Change shape to open or close stomata

Question 15

What is the function of the upper epidermis

Answer 15

Top of leaf

Question 16

What is the function of the lower epidermis

Answer 16

Bottom of leaf

Question 17

What is transpiration?

Answer 17

The process of water moving through a plant (starting from the roots) and its evaporation through stomata

Question 18

How does transpiration work?

Answer 18

Water enters roots into xylem by osmosis
Water tension pulls it up to the leaves
Water tension pulls water from vein to mesophyll cells
Water evaporates
Water vapour diffuses out of the stomata

Question 19

What enters and exits stomata

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide enters for photosynthesis
Oxygen leaves as a by-product

Question 20

When are stomata open and why?

Answer 20

During the day while it is light to allow carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis

Question 22

How does the stomatal pore open?

Answer 22

Guard cells gain water and swell up becoming turgid

Question 23

When does the stomata close and why?

Answer 23

At night due to darkness as photosynthesis cannot occur

Question 24

How does the stomatal pore close?

Answer 24

Guard cells lose water and become flaccid

Question 25

What is a potometer?

Answer 25

Used to measure transpiration

Question 26

How is the rate if transpiration affected?

Answer 26

Wind speed Humidity Temperature Surface area

Question 27

Where is sugar made during photosynthesis

Answer 27

Palisade mesophyll

Question 28

Where is sugar transported to? (plant)

Answer 28

Up and down the whole plant through living phloem

Question 29

What is phloem made up of

Answer 29

Seive plates and associated companion cells

Question 30

What are phloem

Answer 30

Continuous to allow sugars to pass through each sieve tube quickly

Question 31

What allows phloem to be continuous

Answer 31

Cytoplasm between each sieve tube

Question 32

What do companion cells do?

Answer 32

Provide energy for sieve cells

Question 33

What is sugar used for (plants)

Answer 33

Growth Stored in fruit Stored as starch Supply energy