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N5 Biology > KA1: Producing New cells > Flashcards

KA1: Producing New cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mitosis

A

The process of cell division

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2
Q

How are new cells produced in the body

A

Mitosis

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3
Q

What does mitosis involve

A

The doubking of chromosomes to produce new cells

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4
Q

Where are chromosomes found

A

The nucleus

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5
Q

How many chromosomes are in a diploid human cell

A

46

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6
Q

What do diploids contain

A

2 matching sets of chromosomes which are replicated during mitosis

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7
Q

What are the stages of mitosis

A

1: Interphase - The cell is a resting phase before mitosis. Individual chromosomes cannot be identified
2: Prophase - Chromosomes doublr to form chromatids held together by a centromere. They shorten and become visible
3: Metaphase - Chromosomes line up along the equator and are attached to spindle fibres
4: Anaphase - Spindle fibres shorten and pull the chromatids to opposite poles
5: Telophase - Nucleus and cell membrane divided forming 2 new cells with the sane chromosome complement

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8
Q

What do sex cells have?

A

Half of an organisms DNA (1 set of chromosomes)

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9
Q

What cells are haploid?

A

Sex cells (egg and sperm)

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10
Q

What cells are haploid?

A

Sex cells (egg and sperm)

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11
Q

How do parent cells divide?

A

Produce 2 new cells with the same number of chromosomes

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12
Q

What is a parent cell?

A

A cell that is copied during mitosis

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13
Q

What is in the centre of a chromsome

A

A centromere

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14
Q

Why is it important that the cells produced during mitosis have the same number of chromosomes?

A

It allows cells to work and function correctly and to make sure no genetic information is lost

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15
Q

What is mitosis used for?

A

Growth
Repair
Maintain diploids chromosome complement

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16
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

Unspecialised (spare) cells

17
Q

What can stem cells divide to do

A

Self-renew to make copies of themselves
Differentiate to make different types of cells

18
Q

What is a feature of a stem cell

A

It is unspecialised

19
Q

What are stem cells involved in

A

Growth abd repair of damaged tissue or to replace dead cells

20
Q

Where are embyonic stem cells from

A

Human embryos

21
Q

What can embryonic stem cells do

A

Become all different types of cells in the body

22
Q

Where are tissue stem cells found

A

Various tissues around the body

23
Q

What can tissue stem cells not do

A

Differentiate into every type of cell

24
Q

What do tissue stem cells do

A

Replenish the supply of one or more types of specialised cell closely to the tissue they are found in

N5 Biology (8 decks)

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