JVD 2018 deck Flashcards

1
Q

According to “Congenital feline hypothyroidism w partially erupted adult dentition in a 10mo MN DSH case report” by Jacobson, Rochette, what are some clinical signs of congenital hypothyroidism in cats?

A

shorter stature, rounded body, enlarged broad heads/face, short neck, delayed eruption of dentition, delayed closure of ossification centers, lethargy, mental dullness, constipation/difficulty passing feces, palpable goiter

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2
Q

According to “Congenital feline hypothyroidism w partially erupted adult dentition in a 10mo MN DSH case report” by Jacobson, Rochette, this kitten had thickened fibrous gingiva covering partially erupted adult dentition (all deciduous had exfoliated). What other findings were seen on dental rads and other radiographs taken?

A

open apices of 309/409 (should be closed by 7mo), epiphyseal dysgenesis (delayed closure of ossification centers), scalloped ventral borders of vertebral bodies

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3
Q

According to “Congenital feline hypothyroidism w partially erupted adult dentition in a 10mo MN DSH case report” by Jacobson, Rochette, what blood work tests were performed to diagnose hypothyroidism? what was the treatment and outcome?

A

total T4, FT4, and TSH to help r/o euthyroid sick syndrome (T4 low, FT4 low, TSH high); tx w supplemental thyroid hormone and ginvivectomy/plasty to allow continued eruption; kitten became clinically normal by 22mo; side note: there is no feline TSH assay so canine was run

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4
Q

According to “Congenital feline hypothyroidism w partially erupted adult dentition in a 10mo MN DSH case report” by Jacobson, Rochette, in this case, what was thought to be preventing eruption of adult teeth?

A

mechanical barrier of fibrous overgrown gingiva (no pocketing, tightly adhered to teeth); thyroid supplementation allowed for continued development of teeth but may not have fixed lack of eruption due to mechanical barrier; thyroid hormones potentiate effect of growth hormones and are necessary for skeletal bone and tooth development

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5
Q

According to “Crown reduction and vital pulp therapy in a dog w malocclusion” by Blanchard, Koehm, what malocclusion did the dog have? What previous tx had been performed and why?

A

Class II with MAL I/LV 304, 404 with palatal trauma and trauma from mand incisors; interceptive orthodontics: previous XSS 704, 804 to allow for continued jaw growth and stop adverse/unfavorable dental interlock that was impeding jaw growth

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6
Q

According to “Crown reduction and vital pulp therapy in a dog w malocclusion” by Blanchard, Koehm, what were possible tx options discussed for this malocclusion? what type of cement was used? What are its benefits?

A

Extraction 304/404, orthodontic mvmt 304/404 (inclined plane), CR/XP and VPT 304/404 w odontoplasty of mand incisors; used MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) bc antibacterial, biocompatible, induces dentinal bridge, promotes bone and PDL growth formation

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7
Q

According to “Crown reduction and vital pulp therapy in a dog w malocclusion” by Blanchard, Koehm, what % phosphoric acid is acid etch and what is its purpose? Why seal odontoplasty teeth?

A

37% (usually), removes smear layer, dissolves hydroxyapatite crystals and exposes dentinal tubules to allow for micro mechanical interlock with dentinal bonding agents; odontoplasty teeth removes enamel and exposes dentin, sealant allows time for tertiary dentin to form and prevent bacterial leaching into tubules

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8
Q

According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, 88 post mortem skulls were evaluated grossly and with dental rads. What is the dental formula of the Iberian lynx? Is this similar to other wild cats? What is the deciduous formula?

A

28 teeth= I3/3, C1/1, P2/2, M1/1; no second premolar as in domestic cats shift towards reduced dentition similar to caracal, leopard and Canadian lynx; I3/3, C1/1, P2/2= 24 teeth

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9
Q

According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what are some noteable changes to the mandibular first molar present in 83% of cases? How was age estimated?

A

poorly developed cingulum and no metaconid (more distal of the lingual cusps of mammalian molar tooth); gross exam, radiographs, and cementum annuli analysis with first complete cementum annuli around 18mo of age

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10
Q

According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what was the most common dental pathology noted? what was the second most common dental lesion?

A

attrition/abrasion 90.9% of specimens affected (43.7% of teeth examined) split into 3 types based on severity; tooth fractures (68% of specimens, 11.3% of teeth), affecting primarily canines and most often CCF or CCRF

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11
Q

According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what was endodontic dz typically caused by? How frequent was intrinsic staining of teeth?

A

CCF/CCRF or attrition/abrasion type 3 (pulp exp) mostly affecting canines; 8.5% of teeth in primarily canines

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12
Q

According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what percent of teeth were suspected to have artifactual defects?

A

2.3%; most missing teeth were lost through artifact (81%) with only 0.4% congenitally absent

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13
Q

According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part II: perio, TR, oral neoplasia” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what was the limiting factor to staging of perio? How common was perio in this study pop? IN domestic cats?

A

post mortem bony examination only w rads (no gingivitis or perio pocketing for AL); 81.3% of teeth with 64.8% of specimens having at least 1 tooth affected by stage 3/4 dz, 63.1% affected by stage 2 with most common tooth affected by stage 3/4 maxillary and mandibular incisors (59.4%); in domestic cats >80% over age of 2y

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14
Q

According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part II: perio, TR, oral neoplasia” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, how prevalent was TR? was this finding consistent w domestic cats? how many cats had neoplasia?

A

uncommon, affecting 0.63% of teeth in 6.8% of skulls; lower than that of domestic cats (by far) and that of other wild felids; only 1 case of suspect neoplasia (no biopsy obtained)

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15
Q

According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what are the most common causes of maxillofacial trauma in dogs? what groups of dogs are over represented?

A

surprisingly did not reference Soukup/Snyder articles: HBC, dog fight; young dogs <1y, small breeds, and males;

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16
Q

According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what factors should be considered when determining a type of jaw fracture management? what are some types of fixation?

A

patient age, fracture type and location, presence and condition of teeth for anchorage, jaw bone quality, available methods for stabilization, operator skill; Noninvasive: tape muzzles, labial reverse suture through buttons, BEARD, inter arch splinting, interdental wiring and splinting; Invasive: intraosseous wiring, ex-fix, bone plating

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17
Q

According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what are complications of maxillofacial trauma even following fixation? what were some limitations in the type of fixation chosen given the patient’s signalment?

A

dental injuries/loss of vitality, malocclusion, palatal defects, osteomyelitis, bone sequestrum, delayed or malunion bone fx, facial deformities, delayed or abnormal dental eruption; patient age (9wk) jaws still growing, incomplete permanent dentition, location of developing tooth buds (interfere w wire/screws), plates inhibit jaw growth, splints not possible due to presence of deciduous teeth therefore, tape muzzle was most appropriate choice with monitoring for permanent dentition

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18
Q

According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what were specific long-term complications told to the owner given the left mandibular non favorable fx, maxillary fractures including TMJ fracture?

A

abnormal development of upper and lower jaws causing malocclusion, malunion fx, abnormal tooth development including EH, abnormal crown/root shape, infection, pulpitis, pulp necrosis, abnormal eruption, TMJ pain, ankylosis, DJD of TMJ

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19
Q

According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, at 2 weeks a bony callous was forming. Where does bony deposition occur up to 50d? >50d? an asymmetric malocclusion (side-to-side and rostrocaudal) was noted. Is there additional fixation that could have been used to help avoid this?

A

rostral bone deposition of the mandible during first 50d after birth, continued growth via bone formation at caudal aspect of mandibles; in addition to tape muzzle could have added inter fragmentary stabilization with absorbable suture, will dissolve in 3 weeks and should not interfere w mandibular jaw growth

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20
Q

According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what are the goals of management of maxillofacial fx? why was TMJ surgical correction not recommended?

A

restore function, non painful occlusion, avoidance of dental, vascular, and nerve damage during repair, long-term establish healthy dentition with normal eruption; minimally displaced fx, more damage to correct via condylectomy, should be reserved if TMJ ankylosis or DJD develops

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21
Q

According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, what are the two main methods to quantify plaque and calculus on dogs’ teeth? which historically has the best results?

A

plaque indices (humans brush off plaque then do total scoring by hand) and planimetry (for plaque, dye then measured by computer analysis software w QLF; For plaque QLF repeatable, reproducible, and accurate, first study for calculus

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22
Q

According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, what two plaque quantification models were used for this calculus study? how was the study performeD?

A

QLF and modified Logan and Boyce using VOHC teeth: buccal maxillary third incisor, canine, third/fourth premolar, first molar, mandibular buccal third/fourth premolar and first molar; randomized crossover study with 26 schnauzers with 7d brushing following prophy, then 1 test group w dental chew, one w just standard RC hard kibble diet, then test, then switch groups.

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23
Q

According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, what was measured to test calculus quantity?

A

% coverage, thickness, coverage of 3 areas of tooth summed within each tooth as “coverage” and each of 3 areas scored per tooth coveragexthickness (Warrick-Gorrel) for overall tooth score for Logan Boyce; % coverage via avg percent across 18 teeth or “average mouth” and total calculus of teeth divided by total area of all teeth multiplied by 100 for overall percentage of calculus or “weighted mouth”

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24
Q

According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, what were the results of each test method?

A

Dental chews led to 43.8% reduction of calculus using Warrick-Gorrel method (coveragexthickness from Logan, Boyce) and 65.8% reduction of calculus via QLF (average mouth)

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25
Q

According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, as a test method, which requires a lower # of dogs to achieve 90% power and at least 15% reduction in calculus btwn groups? how does the dye work in QLF? What type of numerical scales are used for each method?

A

Warrick Gordel required >30 dogs to achieve 90% power and 15% reduction in calculus btwn groups; QLF required 13-15 dogs for the same results, also avoided contradictory results (less calculus for control group); natural bacterial fluoresce under long wavelength of UV light due to presence of bacterial component porphyrin; QLF percentage of calculus coverage is continuous data, Warrick-Gorrel calculus coverage and thickness yields ordinal data

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26
Q

Abstract: “Intra-op and post-op complications of partial maxillectomy for tx of oral tumors” by MacLellan, Rawlinson, Rao, Worley, JAVMA 2018, what were the most common intra-op complications? outcomes were significantly associated with what factors? 48 post op complications were? 48h to 4 week complications included?

A

excessive surgical bleeding (53.4%) of which 42.7% required blood transfusion; tumor size, location, maxillectomy type, and surgical approach with dorsolateral and combined oral approach higher bleeding (83%) and longer duration (106min) compared to intraoral approach (54% and 77min); epistaxis, excessive facial swelling, facial pawing, difficulty eating; lip trauma, ONF, wound dehiscence, infection

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27
Q

Abstract: “Trismus, masticatory myositis and antibodies against type 2M fibers in a mixed breed cat” by Blazejewski, Shelton, JFMS 2018, what test was performed to diagnose the cat? What was the outcome?

A

2M antibody titer canine which was 1:1000 (ref interval for cats <1:100 like dogs) indicating cross reacting antibodies; owner declined m. biopsy and given end stage MMM corticosteroid tx did not improve the cats QOL, ended in euthanasia 1 year later. Post mortem m bx revealed end stage feline MM w normal limb muscle.

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28
Q

Abstract: “Acanthomatous ameloblastoma with atypical foci in five dogs” by Malmberg, Howerth, Powers, Schaffer, JVDI 2017, describe the atypical cells, what IHC were tested? were these foci associated with a poor prognosis?

A

atypical cells had high mitotic rate and had modest amounts of electron-lucent cytoplasm, abundant rough ER, zonula adherent jncts, cleaved or irregular nuclei, occasional cytoplasmic structures consistent w secretory granules or lysosomes; IHC negative for cytokeratin, vimentin, melon, PNL2, CD3, Pax5, CD18, chromogranin A, synaptophysin; No, in fact 2/5 cases did not have complete excision and did not result in recurrence (none recurred) and none were associated w poor prognosis or mets.

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29
Q

Abstract: “Oral and dental anomalies in purebred, brachycephalic Persian and Exotic cats” Mestrinho, Louro, Gordo, Requicha, Force, Gawor, JAVMA 2018, what were the most common anomalies noted?

A

malocclusion in 72% of cats, crowding of teeth in 56% of cats with incisors most commonly affected, malpositioned teeth (abnormal orientation) 64%, numerical abnormalities 76% (hyperdontia, hypodontia), PD dz 88% (in older cats esp), TR 70% cats

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30
Q

Abstract: “An autosomal recessive mutation in SCL24A4 causing EH in Samoyed and its relationship to breed-wide genetic diversity” Pedersen, Shope, Liu, Can Genet Epid, 2017, what is the type of dental genetic mutation noted? do Samoyeds have high genetic diversity? what is the effected gene? what is the prevalence in the population? is testing available?

A

EH analogous to a form of autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfect (ARAI) in humans; no they mostly all come from 2 lines; homozygosity on SCL24A4 gene; 3.6/1000; yes! commercial test available for breeders

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31
Q

Abstract: “Oral-fluid thiol-detection test identifies underlying active perio not detected by visual awake exam” Queck, Chapman, Herzog, Shell-Martin, Burgess-Cassler, McClure, JAAHA 2018, what was the point?

A

Use a thiol strip to detect thiol groups to show owners tangible evidence of PD dz not detected on oral exam. Solution: do a better oral exam. Problem: only identifies active thiol groups if VSCs present. What about quiescent phase?

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32
Q

Abstract: “Outcomes following surgical excision +/- adjunctive hypo fractionated radiotherapy in dogs w oral SCC or FSA” Riggs, Adams, Hermer, Dobson, Murphy, Ladlow, JAVMA 2018, what was a significant predictor of survival time? which tumor type responded to radiation better?

A

tumor type (longer for SCC); SCC w MST for incompletely excised tumors and follow up radiation of 2051d (w/o radiation 181d), FSA only 299d w radiation and 694 w/o radiation; SCC responds well to post op radiation if incomplete margins. FSA needs surgical margins

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33
Q

Abstract: “Clinical presentation, causes, tx, and outcome of lip avulsion injuries in dogs and cats: 24 cases (2001-2017)” Saverino, Reiter, Front Vet sci 2018, what is the most common cause of lip avulsion? in what age group? what was the clinical presentation in dogs/cats, bilater/unilat? what was most common short-term complication?

A

dogs animal bite (45%); cats HBC (25%), young animals <3y (68.2%); dogs rostral bilateral rostral lip avulsion (36%), cats bilateral rostral mandibular lip avulsion (54%); wound dehiscence (21.4%)

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34
Q

Abstract: “3D Osteometric analysis of mandibular symmetry and morphological consistency in cats” Southern, Haydock, Barnes, Front Vet sci 2018, was there a sig difference btwn R:L? what was most consistent measurement? least consistent? was there a strong correlation between any measurements?

A

No! when cats deviate from mean ratio it is by a small amount; lateral ramus inclination angle; ramus height and jaw width at mental foramen; ht, width, and length of ramus

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35
Q

According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what steps should be taken to cement a crown?

A

Inspect crown for proper defects, clean prepared tooth w hand scaling and pumice, trial fitting, apply metal primer to crown, acid etch tooth, 2 step self etching adhesive to tooth, mixing and application of cement, apply oxygen blocking gel, clean excess cement from margin

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36
Q

According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, is an oxygen barrier gel always warranted?

A

No. It is specific to the type of cement used in this article where the cement is not light cured, the anaerobic environment allows polymerization of cement

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37
Q

According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, why should you not polish with fluoride prophy paste?

A

fluoride interferes w bonding and reduces effectiveness of acid etch; also contains waxes/oils which prevent bonding

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38
Q

According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what are some listed causes of full veneer failure? is cementation failure a common cause?

A

inadequate resistance/retention, occlusal interference, improper selection of materials/technique, lab error, poor impressions, iatrogenic causes during perio tx, poor patient compliance; yes, second or third most common cause of prosthetic failure (depending on study) in humans or 9% or 4.4% in dogs

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39
Q

According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what is the most commonly accepted factor to predict successful outcome of crown restorations?

A

tooth preparation with proper resistance and retention form (height, diameter, CA)

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40
Q

According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what type of cement is typically recommended in vet med?

A

resin based (strongest, most resistant)

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41
Q

According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what is so awesome about Panavia F?

A

2 paste, dual cured, self etching, self adhesive, fluoride releasing; but polymerization requires anaerobic environment meaning there is need for oxygen barrier gel. Recent addition of initiators made it UV light receptive (Panavia F 2.0)

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42
Q

According to “Dental Radiography of the Horse” by Limone, Barratt, what are the standard radiograph views taken in equine vet dentistry?

A

Extraoral plate: Laterolateral view (cheek teeth), DV (cheek teeth), DV with mandible offset using speculum, open mouth R to L ventral lateral oblique for maxillary cheek teeth and L to R, open mouth R ventral to L dorsal lateral oblique and L to R for maxillary apices of cheek teeth, open mouth R ventral to left dorsal oblique view of mandibular cheek teeth and L to R (for apices); Intraoral: bisecting angle of maxillary and mandibular incisors, Left and R oblique views of maxillary and mandibular incisors (can be done extra oral for obliques, but challenging)

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43
Q

According to “Dental Radiography of the Horse” by Limone, Barratt, name this view and the structures labeled in the pic.

A

Laterolateral view (plate on L side of horse); CMS=caudal maxillary sinus, RMS=rostral maxillary sinus, CFS= conchofrontal sinus, VCB= common dorsal compartment (bulla) of ventral conchae sinus and RMS dorsal to IFC=infraorbital canal

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44
Q

According to “Dental Radiography of the Horse” by Limone, Barratt, name this view and the labeled structures.

A

DV; CMS=caudal maxillary sinus; VCS=ventroconchal sinus, RMS=rostral maxillary sinus

45
Q

According to “Dental Radiography of the Horse” by Limone, Barratt, name this view. If we want to focus on apices, how should the angle change?

A

Open mouth R dorsal to left oblique view of L mandibular cheek teeth; from 10 deg angle to 60 deg

46
Q

According to “Histopathologic diagnoses from bx of oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats” by Wingo, what were the most common lesions in cats? dogs?

A

Cats: inflammatory lesions 51%, then SCC 37%, then benign/other (3%); dogs: malignant tumors 30%, odontogenic tumors 34%, inflammatory lesions 28%

47
Q

According to “Histopathologic diagnoses from bx of oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats” by Wingo, what was the mean age of dogs and cats? breed overrepresentation?

A

9.4y cats, 9.3y dogs; DSH 60%, mixed breed 18% and labs 8%.

48
Q

According to “Histopathologic diagnoses from bx of oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats” by Wingo, is there an breed predisposition for Low-Hi FSA? MM? is there a prognostic indicator?

A

goldens; cockers, males, heavy pigmented dogs; tumor size, <2cm better PFS (45mo), >4cm worse (<7mo); mets at time of diagnosis (up to 75% regional LN) worse prognosis for MM and well differentiated melanocytes neoplasms have better prognosis

49
Q

According to “Histopathologic diagnoses from bx of oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats” by Wingo, where is the most common location for POF? CAA? what structure do each tumor originate from?

A

POF rostral maxilla 47% followed by caudal mandible 21%; rostral mandible; PDL; dental lamina within gingiva OR bone (rests of Serres), peripheral vs intraosseous

50
Q

According to “Histopathologic diagnoses from bx of oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats” by Wingo, where the current study results on par with the previous UC Davis study of oral tumors?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/387/flashcards/16477387/png/screen_shot_2018-11-05_at_31147_pm-166E5FA7AC904E3B461.png

51
Q

According to “Histopathologic diagnoses from bx of oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats” by Wingo, were there limitations to this study vs the UC davis study?

A

Yes, only 1 pathologist reviewed each slide, not multiple, and different individual pathologist every time

52
Q

According to “A Modified technique for extraction site closure of maxillary molars in a dog” by Ritchie, what is the point of this step-by-step?

A

Closure of maxillary molar extraction site w/o use of a vertical release (does anyone do that? this isn’t new), just careful elevation and undermine then closure with smaller incision

53
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what are the 2 main categories of dental cements?

A

resin based or acid-base (base metal oxide or silicate is powder and liquid is acidic), rxn forms a metal salt

54
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what properties would an ideal cement have?

A

biocompatible, caries/plaque resistant (fluoride release), micro leakage, strength/mechanical properties, solubility, water adsorption, adhesion, setting stresses, wear resistance, color stability, radiopacity, film thickness or viscosity, working and setting times; OR not harmful to tooth/tissues, sufficient working time, fluid enough, quickly sets to resist functional forces, does not dissolve and maintains sealed/intact restoration;

55
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what would the ideal properties of a cement be (table)?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/387/flashcards/16477387/png/screen_shot_2018-11-05_at_34633_pm-166E62A91F27C6B18DD.png

56
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, define flexural strength, diametral tensile strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and creep.

A

flexural strength: Amt of distortion expected, maximum stress applied to a material (beam); diametral tensile strength: indirect measure of tensile strength (disk w compressive forces); elastic modulus: resistance to being deformed (non permanently) when a force applied aka STIFFNESS, in dental cement should be equal to dentin (resin composites w hybrid filler); fracture toughness: ability of material w crack to resist fx relates to hardness (343kg/mm2 enamel)l creep: time dependent deformational change can occur under cyclical loads such as chewing

57
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, why is solubility important for dental cements?

A

resistant to disintegration and dissolution when cement is submerged in water or other solutions over lifetime of restoration (resin based have low solubility)

58
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what is water adsorption?

A

adhesion of water molecules to surface whereas absorption is uptake by volume of a structure

59
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what defines adhesion in human med? why is this not as important in vet med? what cements are nonadhesive and require surface irregularities to bone? which have micro mechanical interlock? which use molecular adhesion?

A

retention is dependent on geometric form of tooth prep parallel walls with interlocking rough surfaces; almost never attainable in vet med due to tooth structure; Zinc phosphate; resin based and RMGIs; polycarboxylate and GI

60
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, which cement has highest film thickness? how does it compensate? how does thickness relate to tensile strength?

A

resin based; very low solubility; as film thickness increases, tensile bind strength decreases

61
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, which cement has the lowest film thickness?

A

GI, followed by polycarboxylate,RMGI, zing phosphate and resin based have highest

62
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what is desirable of working and setting times? which cement is the easiest/hardest to remove?

A

long working and short setting times; cool slabs increase working time and light cure decreases setting time; zinc phosphate easiest to remove, resin-based hardest

63
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what is the basic composition of each dental cement?

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/387/flashcards/16477387/png/screen_shot_2018-11-05_at_35644_pm-166E6381FD211178E2A.png

64
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what are listed water based cements? what is the benefit to ZOE?

A

zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, GI, zinc oxide eugenol, EBA reinforced ZOE; neutral pH and biocompatible;

65
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what are other names for GI? what do all conventional GI contain?

A

glass polyalkenoate cement, aluminosilicate polyacrylic acid; polycarboxylic acid, fluoroaluminosilicate (FAS), water, tartaric acid (increase working time and improve setting rxn of cement)

66
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, how is molecular adhesion of GI achieved?

A

chelation w calcium and phosphate ions in dentin/enamel

67
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what are compomers?

A

aka polyacid-modified composite resins, combo of composite resin (comp) and glass ionomer (omer), more like composite than GI, LIMITED fluoride release

68
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, compare/contrast overall properties of cements (table)

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/387/flashcards/16477387/png/screen_shot_2018-11-05_at_40618_pm-166E645E4727A73DD42.png

69
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, rank cements based on durability/strength and cost (table)

A

https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/387/flashcards/16477387/png/screen_shot_2018-11-05_at_44757_pm-166E6473BE21E0A796A.png

70
Q

According to “A Review of dental cements” by Wingo, what are some downfalls to resin based cements?

A

Cost, film thickness, do not remove smear layer, initial low pH– which is part of self-adhesion and moisture tolerance (but within 24h is 7)

71
Q

According to “Successful Tx of persistent Oroantral fistula via transbuccal and trans nasal endoscopic debridement in a horse” by Nottrott, Guio, Schramme, what are treatment options for oroantral fistulas?

A

prosthetic plug (PMMA), muscle transposition or sliding flap (require GA)

72
Q

According to “Successful Tx of persistent Oroantral fistula via transbuccal and trans nasal endoscopic debridement in a horse” by Nottrott, Guio, Schramme, dystrophic mineralization was seen in the left maxillary and dorsoconchal sinus of the young QH, how many times was it debrided following extraction of 208 remnant?

A

initial extraction, 2 wk recheck, replaced plug, 2mo later replaced plug, 3mo later performed MITE to achieve better debridement and replaced plug, 14 mo later (lost to follow up) remove plug and finally healed!

73
Q

According to “Successful Tx of persistent Oroantral fistula via transbuccal and trans nasal endoscopic debridement in a horse” by Nottrott, Guio, Schramme, horses w sinusitis are how often dental in origin? what are the most common fractured teeth w associated sinusitis? what is metasplastic calcification in the sinus of horses always associated w?

A

24-62%; maxillary first molars through pulp horn 1, 2 (+/- fourth premolars); dental fracture

74
Q

According to “Successful Tx of persistent Oroantral fistula via transbuccal and trans nasal endoscopic debridement in a horse” by Nottrott, Guio, Schramme, what wold have been an alternative to MITE for debridement of dorsal debridement?

A

trephination above fistula through sinus or sinus flap

75
Q

According to “Transposition of mandibular molars in a dog” by Woody, what did the dog present for `and what did they find?

A

CCF 104, 204; found transposition of 310 and 311 with complete resorption of 311 root

76
Q

According to “Transposition of mandibular molars in a dog” by Woody, what is the etiology of transposition? prevalence?

A

unclear, may be genetic or environmental (DT/P, trauma, migration during eruption, homeotic variation= taking on characteristic of another tooth during development, or actual transposition of tooth germs; in humans 0.3-0.4% predilection for females, unilateral more common in maxilla, unknown in vet med this is first case

77
Q

Abstract: “According to “Reconstruction of congenital nose, cleft primary palate, and lip disorders” by Fiani, Verstraete, and Arzi, what age is ideal for primary palate repair and why? what modalities should be used for surgical planning? should teeth be extracted?

A

4-6mo, maxillofacial growth and dental development. Different than what is stated in other sources in regard to secondary palate of 8-12 wks bc these dogs are not typically as clinically affected; CT gold standard and dental rads to better evaluate teeth; if teeth need to be extracted (minimal tissue, interfering w closure or displaced/malfrmed) do so as a staged procedure 4 wks prior to palate surgery

78
Q

`Abstract: “According to “Reconstruction of congenital nose, cleft primary palate, and lip disorders” by Fiani, Verstraete, and Arzi, what position should surgery be performed? what is the most common complication? why? when to recheck?

A

dorsal except for lip repair in sternal; dehiscence due to tension or poor surgical technique OR occlusion (mandibular canines); recheck 2 and 4 wks

79
Q

Abstract: “According to “Reconstruction of congenital nose, cleft primary palate, and lip disorders” by Fiani, Verstraete, and Arzi, what is this defect?

A

bifid nose

80
Q

Abstract: According to “Evaluation of diagnostic yield of dental radiography and CBCT for identification of dental disorders in small to medium sized brachycephalic dogs” by Dorling, Ari, Verstraete, 19 dogs had 3 CBCT modules (pano, slices, 3D) compared to dental rads. What were the findings? Limitations?

A

Perio was most common anomaly; CBCT in all 3 modules was better at detecting 4/10 (abnormal eruption, abnormal shaped roots, perio, TR) noted abnormalities than radiographs w statistical significance; higher in all other categories for CBCT in all 3 modules EXCEPT loss of tooth integrity (rads better); sample size, lack of histo, rads used with dental charting (not performed and compared here)

81
Q

Abstract: According to “Evaluation of diagnostic yield of dental rads and CBCT for identification of anatomic landmarks in small to medium sized brachycephalic dogs” by Dorling, ARzi, Verstraete, what was the main point of the article?

A

19 digs w CBCT (pano, slices, 3D) vs rads only for 26 structures (anatomic) CBCT 3 modules were significantly better for 19/26 landmarks rad scores were higher than PANO views in 4/19 landmarks

82
Q

Abstract: “Morphological evaluation of clefts of lip, palate, or both in dogs” by Peralta, Fiani, Verstraete, what was the point of this article? Did classification system was referenced from human med?

A

32 dogs w cleft lip, palate or both that were suspected congenital had CT to evaluate morphology of defect, there were many variations; 9 anatomic forms of clefs, 2 anatomic forms in 23 dogs w cleft palate with individual variants, 7 anatomic forms in 9 dogs w clef lip or CLP and most had incisive bone abnormalities and facial asymmetry; the LAHSHAL classification (did not help identify clinically severity or surgical implications of clefts) L is lip, A alveolus, H hard palate, S soft palate

83
Q

Abstract: According to “Therapeutic efficacy of fresh, allogeneic, mesenchymal stem cells for severe refractory FCGS” by Arzi, Brojesson et al, what was the outcome of this study? How was the study population treated prior to ASC administration?

A

7 cats: 3 had no response, 2 had complete resolution by 20mo, 2 had substantial improvement. Overall, fresh autologous ASCs had better clinical efficacy over allogeneic (delayed response, not as good). All were refractory to full mouth extractions for 2 mo minimum prior to ASC administration, recheck mouth rads to r/o RTRs, all Felv/FIV negative, off steroids for at least 2 weeks prior to starting treatment

84
Q

Abstract: “The application of 3D printing prep planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs/cats” Winer, Verstraete, Arzi, what was the point of this article.

A

28 dogs 4 cats w 3D models for a variety of different preop planning served as great tool for surgical planning, resident training, and client education.

85
Q

According to “Malignant Transformation of a Canine Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog”by Ibarra, Legendre, Munday, what are 3 different PV genera, and of the 20 known Canis familiars PVs, which are commonly associated with oral lesions? Which is most common? What is the incubation period of PV?

A

Taupapillomavirus, Chipapillomavirus, Lambdapapillomvisu; CPV-1, CPV-13, CPV-17, CPV-19; CPV-1; 4-8 wks

86
Q

According to “Malignant Transformation of a Canine Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog”by Ibarra, Legendre, Munday, what typically happens with a young dog and symptomatic PV? For non-resolving PV what are some txs? what tx did this dog receive?

A

develop cellular immunity and self resolve within 2-4 weeks (95%), tx usually unnecessary; Possibly in response to more humoral immunity, tx surgical (electrocautery, scalpel, lasers, cryosurgery), immunomodulatory drugs (azithromycin, interferon, Propionibacterium acne), vaccines (mixed efficacy); B/E, debunking, topical solution, azithromycin, interferon, meloxicam, Thuja occidentals LM1, Nitricum acidum LM1, none were successful.

87
Q

According to “Malignant Transformation of a Canine
Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent
Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog”by Ibarra, Legendre, Munday, what CPV viruses have been associated with malignant transformation to OSCC? were there any indicators in the dogs history of immune compromise? on rads and bx at referral center, why was this lesion not called OSCC? What other test was performed?

A

CPV-1, CPV-17; intermittent diarrhea, demodicosis (and chronic CPV); bone loss and premalignant changes were detected but o declined bone bx, pathologist would not call OSCC; performed PCR and found presence of CPV-1

88
Q

According to “Malignant Transformation of a Canine Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog”by Ibarra, Legendre, Munday, 2 mo later the lesion progressed and a significant biopsy with bone confirmed OSCC. what is denoted by black arrows?

A

invasive nests and islands of anapestic squamous cells.

89
Q

According to “Malignant Transformation of a Canine
Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent
Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog”by Ibarra, Legendre, Munday, what is represented by each arrow?

A

green arrow: koilocyte and inclusion body (CPV), blue arrow neoplastic cells w squamous differentiation, black arrow: invasion beyond basement membrane into underlying bone

90
Q

According to “Malignant Transformation of a Canine
Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent
Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog”by Ibarra, Legendre, Munday, the owner elected palliative care and euthanasia. What tests were performed post mortem? what were the results?

A

IHC to detect p16 CDKN2A protein (p16) for expression of PV oncogenes, not detected; biopsy in formalin sent to 2 separate labs to look for DNA sequences of CPV and ONLY found CPV1 within OSCC

91
Q

According to “Malignant Transformation of a Canine Papillomavirus Type 1-Induced Persistent Oral Papilloma in a 3-Year-Old Dog”by Ibarra, Legendre, Munday, what does the author recommend surgically? for immunomodulation? which PV strains have been associated with OSCC?

A

CO2 laser; azithromycin (only tx w real studies); CPV-1 and CPV-17

92
Q

According to “Unusual Dental Morphology in a Chimpanzee: A Case Report Utilizing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography” by Al-Amery, Vellayan et al, what measurements were taken and with what modality? Were there interesting findings?

A

From regular chimp (non-bonobo) skull CBCT was used to determine tooth and crown ht, root length, root canal length and width (posterior teeth), pulp cavity length (anterior teeth), # of canals and foramina our root; mandibular central incisor longer than lateral incisor, mandibular anterior teeth presented w solitary flame shaped or conical calcified structure in pulp; first maxillary premolar has 3 roots (all others 2 roots), presence of bilateral radicular dens invaginatus in mandibular first premolars WITH conical stone mineralizations at pulp cavity,, and possibility of having 2 canals and 2 foramina in roots of posterior teeth.

93
Q

According to “Unusual Dental Morphology in a Chimpanzee: A Case Report Utilizing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography” by Al-Amery, Vellayan et al, what are main differences between chimp and orangutan teeth?

A

lack enamel wrinkling; mostly bc less herbivorous than orangs

94
Q

According to “Oral and Dental Examination Findings in a Family of Zoo Suricates (Suricata Suricatta)” by Kvapil, Racnik et al, what was looked at in this study? what was found to be the most common anomaly? what is the dental formula? What was the percentage of PD 1?

A

similar to mongoose, 6 captive suricate had intraoral rads and charting; found most common PD and attrition/abrasion; 2 (I3/3, C1/1, P3/3, M2/2), 83.7%

95
Q

According to “Interrelationships Between Morphometric,
Densitometric, and Mechanical Properties
of Teeth in 5-Month-Old Polish
Merino Sheep”by Tatara, Ostapiuk et al, extracted deciduous teeth (3 incisors, canine, P2) post mortem were quantitative CT and micro CT’d to determine overall tooth density and enamel, dentin density specifically. Which tooth had positive correlations and predictive value of tooth and masticatory organ quality in sheep?

A

Deciduous first mandibular incisor

96
Q

According to “A Volumetric Assessment Using Computed
Tomography of Canine and First Molar
Roots in Dogs of Varying Weight” by Scherer, Snyder, Waller et al, the volume of the mandible was calculated using CT at the canine, mesial and distal M1. What significant findings with regard to patient weight were noted?

A

M1 mesial and distal mandible volume and root volume increased with increasing weight at different rates with distal root increasing at a greater rate than mesial , as patient wt increases mandible and root volume increase at diff rates, root percentage by volume at C, M1 mesial and distal decrease by the same rate, C and M1 roots are proportionately larger than supporting mandibular bone in small patients

97
Q

According to “Dental Dam Application for Endodontics
in Dogs—A Novel Clamp Kit” by Cardoso, Viegas et al, what are some benefits to a dental dam? why have them been used so little in vet med?

A

aseptic field free of saliva, blood, debris, improves access and visibility by retracting soft tissues, protects from aspiration, drugs, irrigating solutions and tooth/material and debris; poor fit of human clamps on dog teeth is one reason, another is suspected extra time (minimal 1-2 min)

98
Q

According to “Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions
to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine
Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)” by Storli, Menzies, Reiter, in this retrospective study of 72 dogs with LMC treated with TCE, what was the overall success rate?

A

98.6%, 77.8% of dogs had complete resolution with normal functional occlusion, 20.8% had canines that were too short to achieve normal retainer and had permanent 1-2mm crown extensions placed, and 1.4% ( 1 dog) had LMC that reverted back to original position

99
Q

According to “Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions
to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine
Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)” by Storli, Menzies, Reiter, what are some sequelae of LMC? what are the 3 categories of orthodontic treatment? define them.

A

soft tissue trauma, ONF, PD, attrition, displaced opposing teeth, fx, endodontic dz, disturbance of orofacial development, pain; preventative: client education, operculectomy, feberotomy, strategic extraction, interceptive: elimination of developing or established malocclusion (ext DT/P causing MAL), or ext of adult teeth, corrective: correction of malocclusion w/o loss of tooth or part of crown (usually via orthodontic mvmt)

100
Q

According to “Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions
to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine
Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)” by Storli, Menzies, Reiter, in regards to corrective orthodontics, what are 2 different types of appliances and 2 different modes of action? name examples

A

removable or fixed; active, continuous force OR passive, intermittent force; Removable: IP of acrylic or silicone snapped onto teeth, kong balls; fixed: IP; passive force: IP, TCE, etc; active: masel chain

101
Q

According to “Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions
to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine
Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)” by Storli, Menzies, Reiter, what steps were taken when placing TCE on LMC?

A

cleaning, acid etch tooth, and bond labial side of tooth (for easier removal of TCE), bis-acryl composite over LMC w or w/o guide wire or syringe cap for guide, smoothed with diamond and polishing discs

102
Q

According to “Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions
to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine
Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)” by Storli, Menzies, Reiter, was there any significant difference btwn treatment times for 3 classes of MAL or gender? what was the mean overall tx time (when excluding 4 outliers)? how were the majority of the 72 dogs effected?

A

No; 43d (outliers included poor o compliance or issues w travel); majority were Class I bilateral moderately affected LMC

103
Q

According to “Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)” by Storli, Menzies, Reiter, what are some noted shortcomings of acrylic IP overcome by TCEs listed by the author? what percentage of dogs had complications? what were they?

A

allow for continued growth of upper jaw and effectively widen diastema btwn I3 and max C w/o soft tissue or gingiva trauma; 25% of dogs had complications, 12.5% were fx of detached TCE, 7 dogs had ulceration/inflammation from TCE contact, enamel fracture in 1 dog

104
Q

According to “Assessment of Temporary Crown Extensions to Correct Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth in 72 Client-Owned Dogs (2012-2016)” by Storli, Menzies, Reiter, was there a breed overrepresentation?

A

Staffordshire Bull Terrier 11/72 dogs; genetic potential was discussed w all owners

105
Q

According to “Relationship between Feline
calicivirus Load, Oral Lesions,
and Outcome in Feline Chronic
Gingivostomatitis (Caudal
Stomatitis): Retrospective
Study in 104 Cats” by Druett, Hennet, what was the author’s hypothesis and what was the outcome?

A

FCV viral load would be positively correlated w severity of clinical lesions in FCGS cats (104) and negatively correlated with tx outcome; 104 cats with RT reverse transcriptase PCR of oropharyngeal swabs for calici and dental extractions for part 1, only 56 for part 2 (outcome), severity of stomatitis was NOT associated with FCV, lingual ulcers WERE associated with FCV, extent of tooth extraction did NOT influence outcome, overall 32% cats were cured, 20% had significant improvement in 38d. Severity of oral inflammation was NOT associated w healing time or achievement of cure.

106
Q

Abstract: According to “A comparison of CT, radiographic, gross and histological, dental, and alveolar findings in 30 abnormal cheek teeth from equine cadavers” by Liuti, Smith, Dixon, what was the point of this study and what were the findings?

A

validate accuracy of CT and radiographic imaging of cheek teeth disorders by comparing CT and rad imaging, gross and histo findings of abnormal cheek teeth and there alveoli extracted from equine cadaver heads; 54 heads from euthanized horses (no breed/age info) had 26 maxillary cheek teeth and 4 mandibular disease extracted (30) with alveoli for imaging and histo comparisons, gross pathologic exam confirmed 28/30 had pulpar/apical infection or changes, CT confirmed 27/28 (96%), rads confirmed changes in 22/28, and histo 21/28 (some missing bone), EXCELLENT CORRELATION ON CT!

107
Q

Abstract: “Rostral mandibular fx repair in pet bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)” by Nau, Eshar, what was the outcome of this case report?

A

2y bearded dragon w R rostral open comminuted mandibular fx and dorsal displacement, stabilized w 2 inter fragmentary 36g wire loops and external fixator w 4 25ga needles covered w IV line tubing and filled w acrylic for external fixator. 3mo later ex fix removed due to bony callous healing. 5.5mo complete fx resolution and inter fragmentary wires removed. Combination of internal and external fixation.

108
Q

Abstract: “Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine after intravenous
and oral transmucosal administration in guinea pigs
(Cavia porcellus).” Sadar, Paul-murphy, et al. What was determined in this study?

A

The accurate dose and route of buprenorphine to GPs; 0.2mg/kg IV q7h or OTM every 4h to maintain target plasma concentration of 1ng/mL.

109
Q

Abstract: According to “Survival analysis to evaluate associations between
periodontal disease and the risk of development of
chronic azotemic kidney disease in cats evaluated at
primary care veterinary hospitals” by Trevejo, Lund et al, what was the point and main findings of this study at Banfield? (related to Glickman studies)

A

association btwn PD and CKD risk and does CKD increase with severity of PD? 169,242 cats at canfield; PD associated w increased risk of CKD, risk highest for cats w stage 3 or 4 PD; risk of CKD increased with age, purebred cats had higher risk of CKD, GA within 1 year before study exit and cystitis associated w increased CKD, DM or hepatic lipidosis at any point decreased CKD risk…. little can actually be drawn from this study.