JVD 2018 deck Flashcards
According to “Congenital feline hypothyroidism w partially erupted adult dentition in a 10mo MN DSH case report” by Jacobson, Rochette, what are some clinical signs of congenital hypothyroidism in cats?
shorter stature, rounded body, enlarged broad heads/face, short neck, delayed eruption of dentition, delayed closure of ossification centers, lethargy, mental dullness, constipation/difficulty passing feces, palpable goiter
According to “Congenital feline hypothyroidism w partially erupted adult dentition in a 10mo MN DSH case report” by Jacobson, Rochette, this kitten had thickened fibrous gingiva covering partially erupted adult dentition (all deciduous had exfoliated). What other findings were seen on dental rads and other radiographs taken?
open apices of 309/409 (should be closed by 7mo), epiphyseal dysgenesis (delayed closure of ossification centers), scalloped ventral borders of vertebral bodies
According to “Congenital feline hypothyroidism w partially erupted adult dentition in a 10mo MN DSH case report” by Jacobson, Rochette, what blood work tests were performed to diagnose hypothyroidism? what was the treatment and outcome?
total T4, FT4, and TSH to help r/o euthyroid sick syndrome (T4 low, FT4 low, TSH high); tx w supplemental thyroid hormone and ginvivectomy/plasty to allow continued eruption; kitten became clinically normal by 22mo; side note: there is no feline TSH assay so canine was run
According to “Congenital feline hypothyroidism w partially erupted adult dentition in a 10mo MN DSH case report” by Jacobson, Rochette, in this case, what was thought to be preventing eruption of adult teeth?
mechanical barrier of fibrous overgrown gingiva (no pocketing, tightly adhered to teeth); thyroid supplementation allowed for continued development of teeth but may not have fixed lack of eruption due to mechanical barrier; thyroid hormones potentiate effect of growth hormones and are necessary for skeletal bone and tooth development
According to “Crown reduction and vital pulp therapy in a dog w malocclusion” by Blanchard, Koehm, what malocclusion did the dog have? What previous tx had been performed and why?
Class II with MAL I/LV 304, 404 with palatal trauma and trauma from mand incisors; interceptive orthodontics: previous XSS 704, 804 to allow for continued jaw growth and stop adverse/unfavorable dental interlock that was impeding jaw growth
According to “Crown reduction and vital pulp therapy in a dog w malocclusion” by Blanchard, Koehm, what were possible tx options discussed for this malocclusion? what type of cement was used? What are its benefits?
Extraction 304/404, orthodontic mvmt 304/404 (inclined plane), CR/XP and VPT 304/404 w odontoplasty of mand incisors; used MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) bc antibacterial, biocompatible, induces dentinal bridge, promotes bone and PDL growth formation
According to “Crown reduction and vital pulp therapy in a dog w malocclusion” by Blanchard, Koehm, what % phosphoric acid is acid etch and what is its purpose? Why seal odontoplasty teeth?
37% (usually), removes smear layer, dissolves hydroxyapatite crystals and exposes dentinal tubules to allow for micro mechanical interlock with dentinal bonding agents; odontoplasty teeth removes enamel and exposes dentin, sealant allows time for tertiary dentin to form and prevent bacterial leaching into tubules
According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, 88 post mortem skulls were evaluated grossly and with dental rads. What is the dental formula of the Iberian lynx? Is this similar to other wild cats? What is the deciduous formula?
28 teeth= I3/3, C1/1, P2/2, M1/1; no second premolar as in domestic cats shift towards reduced dentition similar to caracal, leopard and Canadian lynx; I3/3, C1/1, P2/2= 24 teeth
According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what are some noteable changes to the mandibular first molar present in 83% of cases? How was age estimated?
poorly developed cingulum and no metaconid (more distal of the lingual cusps of mammalian molar tooth); gross exam, radiographs, and cementum annuli analysis with first complete cementum annuli around 18mo of age
According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what was the most common dental pathology noted? what was the second most common dental lesion?
attrition/abrasion 90.9% of specimens affected (43.7% of teeth examined) split into 3 types based on severity; tooth fractures (68% of specimens, 11.3% of teeth), affecting primarily canines and most often CCF or CCRF
According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what was endodontic dz typically caused by? How frequent was intrinsic staining of teeth?
CCF/CCRF or attrition/abrasion type 3 (pulp exp) mostly affecting canines; 8.5% of teeth in primarily canines
According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part I: congenital, developmental, and traumatic abnormalities” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what percent of teeth were suspected to have artifactual defects?
2.3%; most missing teeth were lost through artifact (81%) with only 0.4% congenitally absent
According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part II: perio, TR, oral neoplasia” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, what was the limiting factor to staging of perio? How common was perio in this study pop? IN domestic cats?
post mortem bony examination only w rads (no gingivitis or perio pocketing for AL); 81.3% of teeth with 64.8% of specimens having at least 1 tooth affected by stage 3/4 dz, 63.1% affected by stage 2 with most common tooth affected by stage 3/4 maxillary and mandibular incisors (59.4%); in domestic cats >80% over age of 2y
According to “Dental pathology of Iberian Lynx part II: perio, TR, oral neoplasia” by Collados, Garcia, Rice, how prevalent was TR? was this finding consistent w domestic cats? how many cats had neoplasia?
uncommon, affecting 0.63% of teeth in 6.8% of skulls; lower than that of domestic cats (by far) and that of other wild felids; only 1 case of suspect neoplasia (no biopsy obtained)
According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what are the most common causes of maxillofacial trauma in dogs? what groups of dogs are over represented?
surprisingly did not reference Soukup/Snyder articles: HBC, dog fight; young dogs <1y, small breeds, and males;
According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what factors should be considered when determining a type of jaw fracture management? what are some types of fixation?
patient age, fracture type and location, presence and condition of teeth for anchorage, jaw bone quality, available methods for stabilization, operator skill; Noninvasive: tape muzzles, labial reverse suture through buttons, BEARD, inter arch splinting, interdental wiring and splinting; Invasive: intraosseous wiring, ex-fix, bone plating
According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what are complications of maxillofacial trauma even following fixation? what were some limitations in the type of fixation chosen given the patient’s signalment?
dental injuries/loss of vitality, malocclusion, palatal defects, osteomyelitis, bone sequestrum, delayed or malunion bone fx, facial deformities, delayed or abnormal dental eruption; patient age (9wk) jaws still growing, incomplete permanent dentition, location of developing tooth buds (interfere w wire/screws), plates inhibit jaw growth, splints not possible due to presence of deciduous teeth therefore, tape muzzle was most appropriate choice with monitoring for permanent dentition
According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what were specific long-term complications told to the owner given the left mandibular non favorable fx, maxillary fractures including TMJ fracture?
abnormal development of upper and lower jaws causing malocclusion, malunion fx, abnormal tooth development including EH, abnormal crown/root shape, infection, pulpitis, pulp necrosis, abnormal eruption, TMJ pain, ankylosis, DJD of TMJ
According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, at 2 weeks a bony callous was forming. Where does bony deposition occur up to 50d? >50d? an asymmetric malocclusion (side-to-side and rostrocaudal) was noted. Is there additional fixation that could have been used to help avoid this?
rostral bone deposition of the mandible during first 50d after birth, continued growth via bone formation at caudal aspect of mandibles; in addition to tape muzzle could have added inter fragmentary stabilization with absorbable suture, will dissolve in 3 weeks and should not interfere w mandibular jaw growth
According to “Management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in a 9 week old dog” by Castejon-Gonzalez, Buelow, Reiter, what are the goals of management of maxillofacial fx? why was TMJ surgical correction not recommended?
restore function, non painful occlusion, avoidance of dental, vascular, and nerve damage during repair, long-term establish healthy dentition with normal eruption; minimally displaced fx, more damage to correct via condylectomy, should be reserved if TMJ ankylosis or DJD develops
According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, what are the two main methods to quantify plaque and calculus on dogs’ teeth? which historically has the best results?
plaque indices (humans brush off plaque then do total scoring by hand) and planimetry (for plaque, dye then measured by computer analysis software w QLF; For plaque QLF repeatable, reproducible, and accurate, first study for calculus
According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, what two plaque quantification models were used for this calculus study? how was the study performeD?
QLF and modified Logan and Boyce using VOHC teeth: buccal maxillary third incisor, canine, third/fourth premolar, first molar, mandibular buccal third/fourth premolar and first molar; randomized crossover study with 26 schnauzers with 7d brushing following prophy, then 1 test group w dental chew, one w just standard RC hard kibble diet, then test, then switch groups.
According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, what was measured to test calculus quantity?
% coverage, thickness, coverage of 3 areas of tooth summed within each tooth as “coverage” and each of 3 areas scored per tooth coveragexthickness (Warrick-Gorrel) for overall tooth score for Logan Boyce; % coverage via avg percent across 18 teeth or “average mouth” and total calculus of teeth divided by total area of all teeth multiplied by 100 for overall percentage of calculus or “weighted mouth”
According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, what were the results of each test method?
Dental chews led to 43.8% reduction of calculus using Warrick-Gorrel method (coveragexthickness from Logan, Boyce) and 65.8% reduction of calculus via QLF (average mouth)
According to “Validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescent for quantifying calculus on dogs’ teeth” by Wallis, Allsopp, Colyer, as a test method, which requires a lower # of dogs to achieve 90% power and at least 15% reduction in calculus btwn groups? how does the dye work in QLF? What type of numerical scales are used for each method?
Warrick Gordel required >30 dogs to achieve 90% power and 15% reduction in calculus btwn groups; QLF required 13-15 dogs for the same results, also avoided contradictory results (less calculus for control group); natural bacterial fluoresce under long wavelength of UV light due to presence of bacterial component porphyrin; QLF percentage of calculus coverage is continuous data, Warrick-Gorrel calculus coverage and thickness yields ordinal data
Abstract: “Intra-op and post-op complications of partial maxillectomy for tx of oral tumors” by MacLellan, Rawlinson, Rao, Worley, JAVMA 2018, what were the most common intra-op complications? outcomes were significantly associated with what factors? 48 post op complications were? 48h to 4 week complications included?
excessive surgical bleeding (53.4%) of which 42.7% required blood transfusion; tumor size, location, maxillectomy type, and surgical approach with dorsolateral and combined oral approach higher bleeding (83%) and longer duration (106min) compared to intraoral approach (54% and 77min); epistaxis, excessive facial swelling, facial pawing, difficulty eating; lip trauma, ONF, wound dehiscence, infection
Abstract: “Trismus, masticatory myositis and antibodies against type 2M fibers in a mixed breed cat” by Blazejewski, Shelton, JFMS 2018, what test was performed to diagnose the cat? What was the outcome?
2M antibody titer canine which was 1:1000 (ref interval for cats <1:100 like dogs) indicating cross reacting antibodies; owner declined m. biopsy and given end stage MMM corticosteroid tx did not improve the cats QOL, ended in euthanasia 1 year later. Post mortem m bx revealed end stage feline MM w normal limb muscle.
Abstract: “Acanthomatous ameloblastoma with atypical foci in five dogs” by Malmberg, Howerth, Powers, Schaffer, JVDI 2017, describe the atypical cells, what IHC were tested? were these foci associated with a poor prognosis?
atypical cells had high mitotic rate and had modest amounts of electron-lucent cytoplasm, abundant rough ER, zonula adherent jncts, cleaved or irregular nuclei, occasional cytoplasmic structures consistent w secretory granules or lysosomes; IHC negative for cytokeratin, vimentin, melon, PNL2, CD3, Pax5, CD18, chromogranin A, synaptophysin; No, in fact 2/5 cases did not have complete excision and did not result in recurrence (none recurred) and none were associated w poor prognosis or mets.
Abstract: “Oral and dental anomalies in purebred, brachycephalic Persian and Exotic cats” Mestrinho, Louro, Gordo, Requicha, Force, Gawor, JAVMA 2018, what were the most common anomalies noted?
malocclusion in 72% of cats, crowding of teeth in 56% of cats with incisors most commonly affected, malpositioned teeth (abnormal orientation) 64%, numerical abnormalities 76% (hyperdontia, hypodontia), PD dz 88% (in older cats esp), TR 70% cats
Abstract: “An autosomal recessive mutation in SCL24A4 causing EH in Samoyed and its relationship to breed-wide genetic diversity” Pedersen, Shope, Liu, Can Genet Epid, 2017, what is the type of dental genetic mutation noted? do Samoyeds have high genetic diversity? what is the effected gene? what is the prevalence in the population? is testing available?
EH analogous to a form of autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfect (ARAI) in humans; no they mostly all come from 2 lines; homozygosity on SCL24A4 gene; 3.6/1000; yes! commercial test available for breeders
Abstract: “Oral-fluid thiol-detection test identifies underlying active perio not detected by visual awake exam” Queck, Chapman, Herzog, Shell-Martin, Burgess-Cassler, McClure, JAAHA 2018, what was the point?
Use a thiol strip to detect thiol groups to show owners tangible evidence of PD dz not detected on oral exam. Solution: do a better oral exam. Problem: only identifies active thiol groups if VSCs present. What about quiescent phase?
Abstract: “Outcomes following surgical excision +/- adjunctive hypo fractionated radiotherapy in dogs w oral SCC or FSA” Riggs, Adams, Hermer, Dobson, Murphy, Ladlow, JAVMA 2018, what was a significant predictor of survival time? which tumor type responded to radiation better?
tumor type (longer for SCC); SCC w MST for incompletely excised tumors and follow up radiation of 2051d (w/o radiation 181d), FSA only 299d w radiation and 694 w/o radiation; SCC responds well to post op radiation if incomplete margins. FSA needs surgical margins
Abstract: “Clinical presentation, causes, tx, and outcome of lip avulsion injuries in dogs and cats: 24 cases (2001-2017)” Saverino, Reiter, Front Vet sci 2018, what is the most common cause of lip avulsion? in what age group? what was the clinical presentation in dogs/cats, bilater/unilat? what was most common short-term complication?
dogs animal bite (45%); cats HBC (25%), young animals <3y (68.2%); dogs rostral bilateral rostral lip avulsion (36%), cats bilateral rostral mandibular lip avulsion (54%); wound dehiscence (21.4%)
Abstract: “3D Osteometric analysis of mandibular symmetry and morphological consistency in cats” Southern, Haydock, Barnes, Front Vet sci 2018, was there a sig difference btwn R:L? what was most consistent measurement? least consistent? was there a strong correlation between any measurements?
No! when cats deviate from mean ratio it is by a small amount; lateral ramus inclination angle; ramus height and jaw width at mental foramen; ht, width, and length of ramus
According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what steps should be taken to cement a crown?
Inspect crown for proper defects, clean prepared tooth w hand scaling and pumice, trial fitting, apply metal primer to crown, acid etch tooth, 2 step self etching adhesive to tooth, mixing and application of cement, apply oxygen blocking gel, clean excess cement from margin
According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, is an oxygen barrier gel always warranted?
No. It is specific to the type of cement used in this article where the cement is not light cured, the anaerobic environment allows polymerization of cement
According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, why should you not polish with fluoride prophy paste?
fluoride interferes w bonding and reduces effectiveness of acid etch; also contains waxes/oils which prevent bonding
According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what are some listed causes of full veneer failure? is cementation failure a common cause?
inadequate resistance/retention, occlusal interference, improper selection of materials/technique, lab error, poor impressions, iatrogenic causes during perio tx, poor patient compliance; yes, second or third most common cause of prosthetic failure (depending on study) in humans or 9% or 4.4% in dogs
According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what is the most commonly accepted factor to predict successful outcome of crown restorations?
tooth preparation with proper resistance and retention form (height, diameter, CA)
According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what type of cement is typically recommended in vet med?
resin based (strongest, most resistant)
According to “Cementation of full coverage metal crowns in dogs” by Wingo, what is so awesome about Panavia F?
2 paste, dual cured, self etching, self adhesive, fluoride releasing; but polymerization requires anaerobic environment meaning there is need for oxygen barrier gel. Recent addition of initiators made it UV light receptive (Panavia F 2.0)
According to “Dental Radiography of the Horse” by Limone, Barratt, what are the standard radiograph views taken in equine vet dentistry?
Extraoral plate: Laterolateral view (cheek teeth), DV (cheek teeth), DV with mandible offset using speculum, open mouth R to L ventral lateral oblique for maxillary cheek teeth and L to R, open mouth R ventral to L dorsal lateral oblique and L to R for maxillary apices of cheek teeth, open mouth R ventral to left dorsal oblique view of mandibular cheek teeth and L to R (for apices); Intraoral: bisecting angle of maxillary and mandibular incisors, Left and R oblique views of maxillary and mandibular incisors (can be done extra oral for obliques, but challenging)
According to “Dental Radiography of the Horse” by Limone, Barratt, name this view and the structures labeled in the pic.
Laterolateral view (plate on L side of horse); CMS=caudal maxillary sinus, RMS=rostral maxillary sinus, CFS= conchofrontal sinus, VCB= common dorsal compartment (bulla) of ventral conchae sinus and RMS dorsal to IFC=infraorbital canal