JVD 2017 deck Flashcards
According to “Building an oral endoscope for use in equine oral examination and treatment” by Dotzel and Baratt, what are the components necessary to build your own scope?
rigid endoscope, digital camera, tablet with app
According to “Building an oral endoscope for use in equine oral examination and treatment” by Dotzel and Baratt, why is an endoscope useful?
Horse’s don’t like the mirror, thorough oral exam challenging w/o scope due to length, limited caudal buccal space, and horse’s tongue
According to “Building an oral endoscope for use in equine oral examination and treatment” by Dotzel and Baratt, what is the ideal lens angle for a dental exam?
70 degrees; can use 45 but not as effective
According to “Commissurotomy” by Ritchie, what structures lie dorsal and ventral to incision?
dorsal: dorsal buccal branch of facial n., parotid duct; ventral: ventral buccal branch of facial n.
According to “Commissurotomy” by Ritchie, what are some indications to perform this procedure?
increase visibility; caudal surgery…. pigs?
According to “Commissurotomy” by Ritchie, how many layers of closure? what are they?
3 layers: oral mucosa w simple continuous or SI (just like lateral buccotomy in LA); submucosa, CT, muscle w simple continuous; skin apposition w subcuticular +/- nylon skin sutures
According to “Commissurotomy” by Ritchie, what are some post op complications?
bleeding, post-op swelling, dehiscence (less likely than w commissurraphy bc less tension on site when mouth opened to full ROM)
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what are the 3 basic fracture types and which one is most common in canine teeth?
Vertical, chip, and transverse. Transverse most common
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what are some protective measures in design of canine teeth to prevent fracture?
ht:d ratio, increased height protects against vertical fx, small rounded cusp prevents off axial loading
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, in previous studies what was one drawback regarding dentin and enamel?
They were considered a homogenous unit disregarding fx at dentinoenamel jnctn and crack propagation an important concept of ultimate tooth failure
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, previously, what has been noted regarding H:D?
greater loads required with increasing base radius and dental toughness; inverse relationship w height, demonstrating that lower loads are required to fx teeth w longer crowns
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what angle is used to simulate biting/pulling behavior
off axis loading– 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis of crown
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what affect does decreasing the clinical height of a canine tooth do to the rest of the canine teeth?
decreasing height may decrease risk of individual tooth fx but increase risk of fx other canines (increase load)
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what type of stresses is a taller canine tooth under? what does increased base radius and dentinal toughness do?
bending stress; confer fx resistance when laterally loaded
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what is CSA and what is the equation?
CSA=cross-sectional area; CSA=pi(D12-D22)/4
D1 base diameter; D2 pulp diameter
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what were the 3 groups of different force directions?
Group A: distal to mesial 45deg to long axis (all 3); Group B: labial to lingual; Croup C: mesial to distal
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, was there any significant association between subclass and group of fractureS?
Nope
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, was there statistical difference between force load and group A vs B? was there a difference between volume and CSA for these groups?
Yes, lower force required to fx group B (labio-lingual) than A; sig diff btwn hard tissue volume and hard tissue CSA (B<a></a>
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what is one of the key factors dictating force required to fracture teeth?
amount of dentin
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what does a smaller base radius do to fx susceptibility?
increases risk of transverse fx; also smaller base radius has lower hard tissue CSA
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what happens when load is applied to the base of the tooth?
decreased bending forces and increased resistance to fx
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what is one theory for why canine teeth are less resistant to labial-lingual forces?
canine tooth has evolved in long angled fashion to resist mesial-distal forces.
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what was the most common fracture propagation pattern?
in load direction
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what are some limitations of this study?
small sample size (low power); small number of teeth; 1 breed; 1 population; teeth stored in formalin prior to testing; teeth not tested in moist/humid environment; 2 groups of teeth had longer drying time; methyl methacrylate not representative of PDL?
According to JVD Spring 2017, Commisurorhaphy in the dog,
What are the most common indications for this procedure?
~unilateral procedure in cases of unilateral mandibulectomy to support tongue function and improve esthetics. Bilateral commissurorraphy is utilized in cases of radical bilateral mandibulectomy and as a salvage procedure for support of bilateral mandibular fractures in cases where rigid surgical fixation is not feasible
According to JVD Spring 2017, Commisurorhaphy in the dog,
What are the landmarks for advancement for mandibulectomy, and for fracture salvage?
~ Mandibulectomy would be to first or second premolar
~ Fracture would be to canine tooth
According to JVD Spring 2017, Commisurorhaphy in the dog,
What are the most common complications?
~dehiscence dt tension, decreased access to oral cavity for home care and further dental procedures, intubation.
According to JVD Spring 2017, Commisurorhaphy in the dog,
Where should the closure be started and how should the closure be performed, with what materials?
~Started at the rostral extent of the lip excision, closed in 3 layers – deep and intermediate layer with 3-0 monofilament absorbable suture. Superficial layer closed with non-absorbable suture, using IV tubing as stents or buttons to help relieve tension.
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
What is the cellular origin of this tumor?
~odontogenic ectomesenchyme, found only in tooth bearing regions of the jaw
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
Why was a dorsal rim excision performed?
~Original biopsy suggested it was non-neoplastic, avoids many of the complications of a mandibulectomy.
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
What are general characteristics of an odontogenic myxoma?
~slow-growing, painless, benign, locally invasive tumors originating from primordial odontogenic ectomesenchyme of the dental pulp or from periodontal ligament connective tissue
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
Under the 2005 WHO oral tumor classification, into which category do these tumors fall?
What other tumors fall into this category?
~odontogenic tumors of mesenchymal or ectomesenchymal origin, with or without odontogenic epithelium
~odontogenic fibroma and cementoblastoma
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
How do these tumors look grossly?
Gray, often cystic, slimy, variable encapsulation
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
What IHC staining can be used to help aid in the diagnosis?
Vimentin – protein in mesenchymal cells
Smooth muscle actin
However, there is no marker of odontogenic ectomesenchyme
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
Why is long term post-operative monitoring indicated?
Very slow growing, and regrowth is common, some after several years of quiescence, lack of a capsule, and hard to plan surgical margins as difficult to tell how far the slime cells have penetrated
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some properties a sealer should possess?
viscosity to fill irregularities in the root canal, bond from the core obturation material to dentinal wall
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what was the purpose of this study?
to evaluate/compare 2 sealers’ apical permeability within an apical dye leakage model
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, they started with 44 maxillary and mandibular canine teeth but ended with 14 in AH plus and 17 in GF group… why?
excessive demineralization affecting ability to perform apical dye leakage test
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what type of obturation technique was used in both study groups?
cold injection sealer with single GP cone
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, was there any statistical significance between the AH plus and GF groups in regards to prevalence of micro leakage? magnitude of dye penetrations?
nope and nope
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what is the endodontic triad?
preparation (includes access), sterilization, obturation
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some types of apical sealers?
ZOE, CaOH, GI, bioglass, polymer resins, silicone based
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some properties of AH plus? What is the working time? shrinkage post polymerization? solubility? Tensile bond strength?
epoxy-amide resin made of 2 pastes (1 catalyst 1 base) that are mixed together and polymerize to form epoxide-amide addition polymer via thermal poly addition rxn. Both pastes contain radiopaque fillers and Aerosil. Come in double barreled syringe with self mixing tip. Polymerization is temperature dependent. Working time of 4 hours with minimum setting time of 8hours. Shrinkage during polymerization process 1.76% decrease in volume. Solubility of 0.32%. Tensile bond strength 4 to 7MPa.
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some benefits to AH plus? What is important regarding its bioavailability?
easy to mix and place in canal, slightly thixotropic (decrease viscosity under slight pressure increasing flow capabilities). Older formulations had higher release of formaldehyde during polymerization leading to cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, allergenicity. Newer formulations have minimum amount of formaldehyde release (3.9ppm) and are nontoxic in mutagenicity and systemic toxicity tests. Cytotoxic for 4 hours corresponding to working time.
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some properties of gutta flow? Working time? Shrinkage? Solubility? tensile bond strength?
Guttaflow 2 silicone based sealer combining sealer RoekoSeal (polydimethysiloxane mixed with filler and radiopaque materials), ground GP powder and silver nano particles (aka magic goo). Comes in capsule or double barrel syringe with self mixing tip. Working time 10 to 15minutes! with a curing time of 25 to 30 minutes. Guttaflow 2 FAST working time of 4 to 5 minutes and curing time of 8 to 10 minutes. Thixotropic with optimal flow. Post polymerization increases volume by 0.2%. Solubility 0%. Tensile bone strength 1MPa (no data from manufacturer for this #).
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are benefits to GF? Bioavailability?
GF 2 is easy to work with, provides optimal flow and easily placed in canal with speedy cure. Good bioavailability and nontoxic. In tissue can encapsulate in fibrous granulation bed (but minimal blushing doesn’t appear to be an issue)
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, was there any difference in regard to depth of dye leakage btwn sealers? why is this important?
AH plus had deeper penetration than GF but not significant; if apical dye leakage is past apical delta thought is the apical seal is not sufficient
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what is a different factor not addressed in this study that affects success of RCT?
Microleakage of the restoration
According to “Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs” by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what is one noted complication of the cold injection technique used in this study?
in combination with thixotropic materials can have increased risk of extrusion of materials into periapical region
According to “Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog” by Skinner, Niemiec, how was the flap created?
Partial thickness semilunar incision apical to MGJ with blade, attached gingiva elevated with periosteal elevator, blade used to incise periosteum ventral to attached gingiva to create split thickness flap releasing semilunar flap leaving periosteum to cover bone left to heal by second intention. Once released flap held in place with digital pressure for 5 min to promote healing and decrease dead space.
According to “Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog” by Skinner, Niemiec, what is the classic way to reposition gingiva coronally?
coronally repositioned flap: mesial and distal releasing incisions, periosteal fenestrations
According to “Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog” by Skinner, Niemiec, what are advantages of this procedure?
no sutures, no dehiscence, no tension on flap, no shortening of vestibule, no damage to papillae, split thickness flap so preservation of blood supply, reduced surgical time, less tissue trauma
According to “Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog” by Skinner, Niemiec, in humans, how much coverage is achieved through this method?
2-3mm of additional root coverage
According to “Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog” by Skinner, Niemiec, what was one downfall in regards to determining increased “attached gingiva.”
No histo performed to determine if this was indeed attached gingiva or not.
According to “Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog” by Skinner, Niemiec, in humans, what is successful periodontal flap therapy denoted by?
increased gingival margin height coronal to CEF, decreased sensitivity, presence of attached gingiva, and no bleeding on probing
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases
Where are grade 3 tumors most frequently identified?
~Tonsil, followed by gingiva
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases
What associations were found between PI and lymph node mets?
Higher PI associated with LN mets at time of diagnosis for gingival and non-tonsillar tumors. Unable to est. significance when tonsillar tumors included (though these are frequently metastatic).
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases,
What significant associations between grade and location the tumors were found?
~Grade 3 tumors not found in tongue or buccal mucosa, overrepresented in tonsil area
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases,
What associations were found between grade and either PCNA or Ki-67 labelling?
PCNA has a positive association with grade, but not Ki-67.
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases
Rank the most common locations from highest to lowest incidence: tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, tonsil
~61% gingiva, 22% tonsil, 8% in the tongue, 8% in the buccal mucosa
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases,
What was the most common grade reported?
Grade II, 55% (Grade III - 27.8%, Grade I - 16.7%)
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What zoonotic risk does this infected dog pose to humans?
~very little, infx does not transfer directly from animals to humans
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
How does fluconazole work, how long should therapy persist.
~Fungistatic. Relies on cell mediated immunity to remove organisms.
~Therapy for 2-12 months
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What systemic manifestations of Cryptococcus can occur?
~Multi focal central nervous system (CNS) signs of ataxia, blindness, nystagmus, upper motor neuron paresis, cervical pain, and seizures
~upper respiratory signs, including nasal discharge, epistaxis, noisy breathing, coughing, and sneezing, hilar lymphadenopathy and mycotic pleural effusion, can be detected
~ In dogs, disseminated disease is frequent, severe, and often involves atypical sites. Major systems affected include CNS, eyes, urinary system, and nasal cavity. Lytic bone lesions can cause lameness.
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
Why do these authors report that fungal culture is not routinely performed?
Nasal and mucosal infection is usually transient, and contamination can occur.
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What are risk factors for C. Gatti, and why is immunosuppression or steroid use not?
~Risk factors for C gattii infection of dogs include recent soil disturbance or logging within 10 km of the animals’ residences, high levels of activity outdoors, and travel on Vancouver Island.
~Primarily infects immunocompetent hosts