JVD 2017 deck Flashcards
1
Q
According to “Building an oral endoscope for use in equine oral examination and treatment” by Dotzel and Baratt, what are the components necessary to build your own scope?
A
rigid endoscope, digital camera, tablet with app
2
Q
According to “Building an oral endoscope for use in equine oral examination and treatment” by Dotzel and Baratt, why is an endoscope useful?
A
Horse’s don’t like the mirror, thorough oral exam challenging w/o scope due to length, limited caudal buccal space, and horse’s tongue
3
Q
According to “Building an oral endoscope for use in equine oral examination and treatment” by Dotzel and Baratt, what is the ideal lens angle for a dental exam?
A
70 degrees; can use 45 but not as effective
4
Q
According to “Commissurotomy” by Ritchie, what structures lie dorsal and ventral to incision?
A
dorsal: dorsal buccal branch of facial n., parotid duct; ventral: ventral buccal branch of facial n.
5
Q
According to “Commissurotomy” by Ritchie, what are some indications to perform this procedure?
A
increase visibility; caudal surgery…. pigs?
6
Q
According to “Commissurotomy” by Ritchie, how many layers of closure? what are they?
A
3 layers: oral mucosa w simple continuous or SI (just like lateral buccotomy in LA); submucosa, CT, muscle w simple continuous; skin apposition w subcuticular +/- nylon skin sutures
7
Q
According to “Commissurotomy” by Ritchie, what are some post op complications?
A
bleeding, post-op swelling, dehiscence (less likely than w commissurraphy bc less tension on site when mouth opened to full ROM)
8
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what are the 3 basic fracture types and which one is most common in canine teeth?
A
Vertical, chip, and transverse. Transverse most common
9
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what are some protective measures in design of canine teeth to prevent fracture?
A
ht:d ratio, increased height protects against vertical fx, small rounded cusp prevents off axial loading
10
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, in previous studies what was one drawback regarding dentin and enamel?
A
They were considered a homogenous unit disregarding fx at dentinoenamel jnctn and crack propagation an important concept of ultimate tooth failure
11
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, previously, what has been noted regarding H:D?
A
greater loads required with increasing base radius and dental toughness; inverse relationship w height, demonstrating that lower loads are required to fx teeth w longer crowns
12
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what angle is used to simulate biting/pulling behavior
A
off axis loading– 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis of crown
13
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what affect does decreasing the clinical height of a canine tooth do to the rest of the canine teeth?
A
decreasing height may decrease risk of individual tooth fx but increase risk of fx other canines (increase load)
14
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what type of stresses is a taller canine tooth under? what does increased base radius and dentinal toughness do?
A
bending stress; confer fx resistance when laterally loaded
15
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what is CSA and what is the equation?
A
CSA=cross-sectional area; CSA=pi(D12-D22)/4
D1 base diameter; D2 pulp diameter
16
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what were the 3 groups of different force directions?
A
Group A: distal to mesial 45deg to long axis (all 3); Group B: labial to lingual; Croup C: mesial to distal
17
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, was there any significant association between subclass and group of fractureS?
A
Nope
18
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, was there statistical difference between force load and group A vs B? was there a difference between volume and CSA for these groups?
A
Yes, lower force required to fx group B (labio-lingual) than A; sig diff btwn hard tissue volume and hard tissue CSA (B<a></a>
19
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what is one of the key factors dictating force required to fracture teeth?
A
amount of dentin
20
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what does a smaller base radius do to fx susceptibility?
A
increases risk of transverse fx; also smaller base radius has lower hard tissue CSA
21
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what happens when load is applied to the base of the tooth?
A
decreased bending forces and increased resistance to fx
22
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what is one theory for why canine teeth are less resistant to labial-lingual forces?
A
canine tooth has evolved in long angled fashion to resist mesial-distal forces.
23
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what was the most common fracture propagation pattern?
A
in load direction
24
Q
According to “The influence of force direction on the fracture pattern and fracture resistance of canine teeth in dogs” by Goldschmidt, Soukup, et al, what are some limitations of this study?
A
small sample size (low power); small number of teeth; 1 breed; 1 population; teeth stored in formalin prior to testing; teeth not tested in moist/humid environment; 2 groups of teeth had longer drying time; methyl methacrylate not representative of PDL?
25
According to JVD Spring 2017, Commisurorhaphy in the dog,
| What are the most common indications for this procedure?
~unilateral procedure in cases of unilateral mandibulectomy to support tongue function and improve esthetics. Bilateral commissurorraphy is utilized in cases of radical bilateral mandibulectomy and as a salvage procedure for support of bilateral mandibular fractures in cases where rigid surgical fixation is not feasible
26
According to JVD Spring 2017, Commisurorhaphy in the dog,
| What are the landmarks for advancement for mandibulectomy, and for fracture salvage?
~ Mandibulectomy would be to first or second premolar
~ Fracture would be to canine tooth
27
According to JVD Spring 2017, Commisurorhaphy in the dog,
| What are the most common complications?
~dehiscence dt tension, decreased access to oral cavity for home care and further dental procedures, intubation.
28
According to JVD Spring 2017, Commisurorhaphy in the dog,
| Where should the closure be started and how should the closure be performed, with what materials?
~Started at the rostral extent of the lip excision, closed in 3 layers – deep and intermediate layer with 3-0 monofilament absorbable suture. Superficial layer closed with non-absorbable suture, using IV tubing as stents or buttons to help relieve tension.
29
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
What is the cellular origin of this tumor?
~odontogenic ectomesenchyme, found only in tooth bearing regions of the jaw
30
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
Why was a dorsal rim excision performed?
~Original biopsy suggested it was non-neoplastic, avoids many of the complications of a mandibulectomy.
31
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
What are general characteristics of an odontogenic myxoma?
~slow-growing, painless, benign, locally invasive tumors originating from primordial odontogenic ectomesenchyme of the dental pulp or from periodontal ligament connective tissue
32
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
Under the 2005 WHO oral tumor classification, into which category do these tumors fall?
What other tumors fall into this category?
~odontogenic tumors of mesenchymal or ectomesenchymal origin, with or without odontogenic epithelium
~odontogenic fibroma and cementoblastoma
33
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
How do these tumors look grossly?
Gray, often cystic, slimy, variable encapsulation
34
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
What IHC staining can be used to help aid in the diagnosis?
Vimentin – protein in mesenchymal cells
Smooth muscle actin
However, there is no marker of odontogenic ectomesenchyme
35
According to JVD Spring 2017, Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species,
Why is long term post-operative monitoring indicated?
Very slow growing, and regrowth is common, some after several years of quiescence, lack of a capsule, and hard to plan surgical margins as difficult to tell how far the slime cells have penetrated
36
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some properties a sealer should possess?
viscosity to fill irregularities in the root canal, bond from the core obturation material to dentinal wall
37
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what was the purpose of this study?
to evaluate/compare 2 sealers' apical permeability within an apical dye leakage model
38
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, they started with 44 maxillary and mandibular canine teeth but ended with 14 in AH plus and 17 in GF group... why?
excessive demineralization affecting ability to perform apical dye leakage test
39
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what type of obturation technique was used in both study groups?
cold injection sealer with single GP cone
40
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, was there any statistical significance between the AH plus and GF groups in regards to prevalence of micro leakage? magnitude of dye penetrations?
nope and nope
41
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what is the endodontic triad?
preparation (includes access), sterilization, obturation
42
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some types of apical sealers?
ZOE, CaOH, GI, bioglass, polymer resins, silicone based
43
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some properties of AH plus? What is the working time? shrinkage post polymerization? solubility? Tensile bond strength?
epoxy-amide resin made of 2 pastes (1 catalyst 1 base) that are mixed together and polymerize to form epoxide-amide addition polymer via thermal poly addition rxn. Both pastes contain radiopaque fillers and Aerosil. Come in double barreled syringe with self mixing tip. Polymerization is temperature dependent. Working time of 4 hours with minimum setting time of 8hours. Shrinkage during polymerization process 1.76% decrease in volume. Solubility of 0.32%. Tensile bond strength 4 to 7MPa.
44
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some benefits to AH plus? What is important regarding its bioavailability?
easy to mix and place in canal, slightly thixotropic (decrease viscosity under slight pressure increasing flow capabilities). Older formulations had higher release of formaldehyde during polymerization leading to cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, allergenicity. Newer formulations have minimum amount of formaldehyde release (3.9ppm) and are nontoxic in mutagenicity and systemic toxicity tests. Cytotoxic for 4 hours corresponding to working time.
45
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are some properties of gutta flow? Working time? Shrinkage? Solubility? tensile bond strength?
Guttaflow 2 silicone based sealer combining sealer RoekoSeal (polydimethysiloxane mixed with filler and radiopaque materials), ground GP powder and silver nano particles (aka magic goo). Comes in capsule or double barrel syringe with self mixing tip. Working time 10 to 15minutes! with a curing time of 25 to 30 minutes. Guttaflow 2 FAST working time of 4 to 5 minutes and curing time of 8 to 10 minutes. Thixotropic with optimal flow. Post polymerization increases volume by 0.2%. Solubility 0%. Tensile bone strength 1MPa (no data from manufacturer for this #).
46
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what are benefits to GF? Bioavailability?
GF 2 is easy to work with, provides optimal flow and easily placed in canal with speedy cure. Good bioavailability and nontoxic. In tissue can encapsulate in fibrous granulation bed (but minimal blushing doesn't appear to be an issue)
47
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, was there any difference in regard to depth of dye leakage btwn sealers? why is this important?
AH plus had deeper penetration than GF but not significant; if apical dye leakage is past apical delta thought is the apical seal is not sufficient
48
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what is a different factor not addressed in this study that affects success of RCT?
Microleakage of the restoration
49
According to "Apical micro leakage in root canals obdurated with 2 different endodontic sealer systems in canine teeth of dogs" by Lothamer, Soukup et al, what is one noted complication of the cold injection technique used in this study?
in combination with thixotropic materials can have increased risk of extrusion of materials into periapical region
50
According to "Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog" by Skinner, Niemiec, how was the flap created?
Partial thickness semilunar incision apical to MGJ with blade, attached gingiva elevated with periosteal elevator, blade used to incise periosteum ventral to attached gingiva to create split thickness flap releasing semilunar flap leaving periosteum to cover bone left to heal by second intention. Once released flap held in place with digital pressure for 5 min to promote healing and decrease dead space.
51
According to "Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog" by Skinner, Niemiec, what is the classic way to reposition gingiva coronally?
coronally repositioned flap: mesial and distal releasing incisions, periosteal fenestrations
52
According to "Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog" by Skinner, Niemiec, what are advantages of this procedure?
no sutures, no dehiscence, no tension on flap, no shortening of vestibule, no damage to papillae, split thickness flap so preservation of blood supply, reduced surgical time, less tissue trauma
53
According to "Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog" by Skinner, Niemiec, in humans, how much coverage is achieved through this method?
2-3mm of additional root coverage
54
According to "Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog" by Skinner, Niemiec, what was one downfall in regards to determining increased "attached gingiva."
No histo performed to determine if this was indeed attached gingiva or not.
55
According to "Semilunar coronally advanced periodontal flap to increase soft tissue coverage of a maxillary fourth premolar in a dog" by Skinner, Niemiec, in humans, what is successful periodontal flap therapy denoted by?
increased gingival margin height coronal to CEF, decreased sensitivity, presence of attached gingiva, and no bleeding on probing
56
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases
Where are grade 3 tumors most frequently identified?
~Tonsil, followed by gingiva
57
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases
What associations were found between PI and lymph node mets?
Higher PI associated with LN mets at time of diagnosis for gingival and non-tonsillar tumors. Unable to est. significance when tonsillar tumors included (though these are frequently metastatic).
58
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases,
What significant associations between grade and location the tumors were found?
~Grade 3 tumors not found in tongue or buccal mucosa, overrepresented in tonsil area
59
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases,
What associations were found between grade and either PCNA or Ki-67 labelling?
PCNA has a positive association with grade, but not Ki-67.
60
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases
Rank the most common locations from highest to lowest incidence: tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, tonsil
~61% gingiva, 22% tonsil, 8% in the tongue, 8% in the buccal mucosa
61
According to JVD Summer 2017, Comparison of Histological and Proliferation Features of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Intraoral Location: 36 Cases,
What was the most common grade reported?
Grade II, 55% (Grade III - 27.8%, Grade I - 16.7%)
62
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What zoonotic risk does this infected dog pose to humans?
~very little, infx does not transfer directly from animals to humans
63
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
How does fluconazole work, how long should therapy persist.
~Fungistatic. Relies on cell mediated immunity to remove organisms.
~Therapy for 2-12 months
64
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What systemic manifestations of Cryptococcus can occur?
~Multi focal central nervous system (CNS) signs of ataxia, blindness, nystagmus, upper motor neuron paresis, cervical pain, and seizures
~upper respiratory signs, including nasal discharge, epistaxis, noisy breathing, coughing, and sneezing, hilar lymphadenopathy and mycotic pleural effusion, can be detected
~ In dogs, disseminated disease is frequent, severe, and often involves atypical sites. Major systems affected include CNS, eyes, urinary system, and nasal cavity. Lytic bone lesions can cause lameness.
65
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
Why do these authors report that fungal culture is not routinely performed?
Nasal and mucosal infection is usually transient, and contamination can occur.
66
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What are risk factors for C. Gatti, and why is immunosuppression or steroid use not?
~Risk factors for C gattii infection of dogs include recent soil disturbance or logging within 10 km of the animals’ residences, high levels of activity outdoors, and travel on Vancouver Island.
~Primarily infects immunocompetent hosts
67
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What are radiographic signs of osteonecrosis?
Radiographic signs of osteonecrosis are similar to those of acute osteomyelitis: decreased density of involved bone, with areas of necrosis that may appear more radiopaque than the surrounding bone
68
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What other fungal infection has been associated with maxillofacial bony lysis?
Blastomycosis
69
According to JVD Summer 2017, Cryptococcal Maxillary Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis in a 18-Month-Old Dog,
What are differentials for maxillary osteonecrosis?
Radiation induced, bisphosphonate induced, traumatic and non-traumatic.
70
According to JVD Summer 2017, Regional Nerve Blocks for Equine Dentistry,
Describe the technique for the inferior alveolar block in the horse?
The white line depicts an imaginary line along the occlusal surface of the mandibular cheek teeth. The black line depicts a line from the lateral canthus of the eye to the ventral mandible. The point of intersection (black oval) indicates the approximate position of the mandibular foramen, on the MEDIAL aspect of the mandible. The extraoral approach involves insertion of a 12.5-cm spinal needle along the medial aspect of the ventral margin of the mandible.
The needle is advanced approximately 7.5 to 10 cm along the medial aspect of the ramus to the level of the intersection point described above, where 10 mL of local anesthetic is deposited.1 Photograph of the equine patient (C) depicting location for intraoral approach to the nerve block. A 23-gauge 19- to 25-mm butterfly catheter is grasped with alligator forceps and inserted into the oral mucosa overlying the rostral ramus just caudal to the mandibular third molar tooth, at the level of the occlusal surface of the tooth (black arrow). The needle is advanced along the MEDIAL aspect of the ramus of the mandible, where 10 to 12 mL of local anesthetic is deposited
71
According to JVD Summer 2017, Regional Nerve Blocks for Equine Dentistry,
Describe the technique for the mental block in the horse?
A 25-gauge 25-mm needle is advanced into the mental foramen, and 3 mL of local anesthetic is deposited in the canal. The needle must be positioned in close proximity to this nerve, which can result in this block being poorly tolerated during needle placement, so proper sedation and restraint with nose twitch and standing stockade are recommended.
72
According to JVD Summer 2017, Regional Nerve Blocks for Equine Dentistry,
Describe the landmarks and technique for maxillary block in the horse?
Extraperiorbital fat body injection technique.
Injection site is 1 cm ventral to facial crest and from a line perpendicular to the dorsal contour of the skull and in the plane of the caudal third of the orbit (white line). An 89-mm spinal or Touhy needle is inserted perpendicular to the skin (black oval) to an approximate depth of 38 to 50mmor just past the point of feeling the needle pop through the deep fascial plane of the masseter muscle, where 10 to 20 mL of local anesthetic is deposited.
73
According to JVD Summer 2017, Regional Nerve Blocks for Equine Dentistry,
What structures are anesthetized with the infraorbital and maxillary block in the horse?
Provides suitable anesthesia for all maxillary procedures.
74
According to JVD Summer 2017, Regional Nerve Blocks for Equine Dentistry,
Describe the landmarks and technique for the infraorbital nerve block?
Foramen is halfway between the nasoincisive notch and the rostral point of the facial crest,
Push the levator labii superioris up with your thumb, insert a 25 x 1.5” needle into the foramen from about 5 mm rostral to it. Deposit 3 cc
75
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what is the most common benign odontogenic epithelial cyst in dogs? humans?
dentigerous cyst associated w unerrupted tooth; radicular/periapical cyst (inflammatory cyst)
76
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what is different about lateral periodontal cysts from dentigerous or radicular cysts?
RARE in all species. Not associated with unerrupted tooth or inflammation. associated with vital teeth in absence of pulpitis. Non-inflammatory, nonkeratinized, developmental odontogenic cysts lateral to root of vital teeth. on rads, unilocular radiolucent area at lateral aspect of vital teeth in teardrop shape <1cm in diameter
77
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what were the initial ddx?
diff types of odontogenic cysts (developmental or inflammatory) and cystic odontogenic tumors
78
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what is the recommended tx of choice for LPC? CAA?
lateral periodontal cyst: enucleation +/- bone graft; CAA: surgical excision w 1cm margins
79
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, cell rests of Serres are associated with what cysts and confined to what tissues?
gingival cysts; remnants of dental lamina that remain within gingiva and subgingival CT
80
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what do the authors hypothesize could be the source/remnant associated with LPC and CAA?
dental lamina; but no molecular markers to distinguish epithelium of dental lamina from epithelium of gingiva/mucosa
81
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what is the pathogenesis of LPCs?
Unknown, but suspected to originate from residual odontogenic epithelium (REE, remnants of dental lamina, rests of Malassez)
82
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what are tx options for LPC in humans?
Enucleation +/- GTR or bone graft alone
83
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what are some examples of cystic oral tumors in dogs?
papillary SCC, ameloblastoma (solid/multicystic), others not mentioned in article
84
According to "Suspected Lateral periodontal cyst presenting concurrently with CAA in a 2y Standard poodle" by Tjepkema, Soukup, Bell, what is the risk of malignant transformation?
in dogs: odontogenic cysts giving rise to malignant epithelial tumors (basisquamous carcinomas) humans: ameloblastomas arising from epithelial lining of dentigerous cysts
85
According to "Hematologic, biochemical, endocrine parameters in horses w EOTRH" by Earley, Rawlinson, Perkins, et al, has there historically been an age and sex predilection? in this study?
older horses, geldings-- but recent retrospective determined no age, breed or sex predilection; older horses, geldings over-represented-- older and more geldings in study pop (78% over 20y, 83% geldings)
86
According to "Hematologic, biochemical, endocrine parameters in horses w EOTRH" by Earley, Rawlinson, Perkins, et al, what are some possible inciting factors as etiopathogenesis is still unknown?
increased biomechanics forces on PDL secondary to abnormal wear as horse ages, tooth extrusion, ischemic necrosis, genetic predisposition, metabolic bone dz, hypervitaminosis A, infectious agents, administration of bisphosphonates
87
According to "Hematologic, biochemical, endocrine parameters in horses w EOTRH" by Earley, Rawlinson, Perkins, et al, were there any consistent abnormalities in blood work noted?
hypoalbuminemia, PTH concentrations elevated in 46.7% of horses, but not statistically significant
88
According to "Hematologic, biochemical, endocrine parameters in horses w EOTRH" by Earley, Rawlinson, Perkins, et al, what were some limitations of this study?
sample size, different management, lack of age matched control horses, different regional locations w diff diets
89
According to "Hematologic, biochemical, endocrine parameters in horses w EOTRH" by Earley, Rawlinson, Perkins, et al, how many horses had hypoalbuminemia? what was the theory as to why?
88.2% (15/17); reduced feed intake due to dental disease and inflammation OR chronic inflammation (Alb is a negative acute-phase protein in response to inflammation).
90
According to "Hematologic, biochemical, endocrine parameters in horses w EOTRH" by Earley, Rawlinson, Perkins, et al, what was the most likely cause of the elevated PTH values?
secondary hyperparathyroidism, caused by nutrition
91
According to "Diagnoses and Treatment of dental disorders in research colony of Macaca fascicularis: a Case series" by Roux, Bergadano et al, what were the four most commonly diagnosed dental diseases in the macaques?
PD dz, caries, tooth fracture, and tooth attrition
92
According to "Diagnoses and Treatment of dental disorders in research colony of Macaca fascicularis: a Case series" by Roux, Bergadano et al, what were some other less common dental abnormalities in the study population?
dental abscess, EH, GH, hypercementosis, cyst, tooth luxation, tooth dysplasia, root resorption, abrasion
93
According to "Diagnoses and Treatment of dental disorders in research colony of Macaca fascicularis: a Case series" by Roux, Bergadano et al, what percent of this population had at least 1 moderate to severe dental lesion that required tx?
87% (27/31)
94
According to "Diagnoses and Treatment of dental disorders in research colony of Macaca fascicularis: a Case series" by Roux, Bergadano et al, how was the study population grouped?
All males or MC; 3 groups by DOB, 1 was oldest, 3 was youngest
95
According to "Diagnoses and Treatment of dental disorders in research colony of Macaca fascicularis: a Case series" by Roux, Bergadano et al, how many had stage 1 PD dz? stage 2 or higher? what teeth were more severely affected?
21/31 had stage 1; all had plaque and calculus; 10 (32%) had stage 2 or + PD dz; most commonly affected were molars and premolars
96
According to "Diagnoses and Treatment of dental disorders in research colony of Macaca fascicularis: a Case series" by Roux, Bergadano et al, how common were caries? on what teeth/surface?
12 (38%); occlusal surface of molars
97
According to "Diagnoses and Treatment of dental disorders in research colony of Macaca fascicularis: a Case series" by Roux, Bergadano et al, how common were tooth fractures? what types? what teeth were most commonly affected?
20 (64%) of animals had fx teeth; CCF or CCRF; incisors followed by canines
98
According to "Diagnoses and Treatment of dental disorders in research colony of Macaca fascicularis: a Case series" by Roux, Bergadano et al, what do the authors attribute the difference in incidence of dental lesions to?
environment and diagnostic mean (dentist doing oral exams and taking radiographs, more sensitive)
99
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What factors make endodontic treatment challenging in immature non-vital permanent teeth?
~blunderbuss canal
| ~thin/fragile dentinal walls
100
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What is a major drawback of performing apexification as an alternative?
~Cessation of root development, leaving teeth prone to fracture
101
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What are the 3 core principles of tissue engineering?
1. Appropriate source of stem cell/progenitor cells
2. Growth factors that are capable of promoting stem cell differentiation
3. Appropriate scaffold for the regulation of cell differentiation
102
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What are the most important growth factors in pulp and dentin formation?
~ morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor b, and fibroblastic growth factor.
103
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What are the goals of regenerative endodontic therapy?
The primary goal of this treatment is elimination of symptoms and evidence of bony healing.
The secondary goal is increased root wall thickness and/or increased root length which is considered desirable, yet perhaps not essential.
The tertiary goal is positive response to vitality testing
The primary goal of this treatment is elimination of symptoms and evidence of bony healing.
The secondary goal is increased root wall thickness and/or increased root length which is considered desirable, yet perhaps not essential.
The tertiary goal is positive response to vitality testing
104
What are the factors that affect the results of therapy?
~Effective disinfection of the canal and sealing coronal access
~diameter of the open apex – the wider the better to let in more stem cells
~ Age of patient (8-16 years in humans is best)
105
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
| What irrigants are recommended?
~Bleach <3% (greater than can be cytotoxic to PDL cells and stem cells
~Chlorhex 2% is antimicrobial, but has serious cytotoxic effects on stem cells – may not be irrigant of choice
~EDTA promotes survival of stem cells and can release growth factors from the dentin
106
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What benefits and drawbacks does an antibiotic intracanal medicament provide?
~Can eliminate bacteria residing in dentinal tubules
| ~May be cytotoxic to stem cells at high concentrations, may cause tissue reactivity.
107
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What differences are observed between a blood clot, PRP and PRF for a scaffold?
~No significant histologic difference, PRP/PRF may be useful when there is insufficient bleeding.
108
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What complications can be seen due to minocycline in the TAP or due to MTA above the CEJ (even white MTA)?
Tooth discolouration.
109
According to JVD Fall 2017, Regenerative Endodontics,
What is the reported clinical success rate of regenerative endodontic therapy?
~90%
110
According to JVD Fall 2017, Comparison of knotless barbed suture versus monofilament suture in the oral cavity of cats,
Which material was faster to close?
Knotless barbed.
111
According to JVD Fall 2017, Comparison of knotless barbed suture versus monofilament suture in the oral cavity of cats,
What post-op complications were seen?
1 ranula in the monofilament group
| 2 dehiscence in the barbed groups
112
According to JVD Fall 2017, Comparison of knotless barbed suture versus monofilament suture in the oral cavity of cats,
What is the AVDC’s position on the use of antibiotics?
Should only be considered for immunocompromised, severe underlying systemic disease or severe oral infection.
113
According to JVD Fall 2017, Full mouth intraoral Radiographic Survey in Rabbits,
How many views does it take to acquire a full mouth series?
10
114
According to JVD Fall 2017, Full mouth intraoral Radiographic Survey in Rabbits,
What are the main diseases or rabbit pathology?
Acquired malocclusion, periodontal disease, facial abscesses
115
According to JVD Fall 2017, Full mouth intraoral Radiographic Survey in Rabbits,
The authors recommend a particular patient position for rads of the mandible, what is it and why?
Dorsal recumbency with head perpendicular to the table. Reduces risk of dyspnea or apnea encountered when neck is extended and head perpendicular to the head and body.
116
According to JVD Fall 2017, Full mouth intraoral Radiographic Survey in Rabbits,
What size plates should be used for rabbit cheek teeth?
3 or 3 slim depending on size of rabbit – length helps get to the back of the oral cavity, the slim will help avoid iatrogenic trauma to lips and vestibule.
117
According to JVD Fall 2017, Full mouth intraoral Radiographic Survey in Rabbits,
What are the triadan numbers for the peg teeth?
102, 202.
118
According to "Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs w periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response" by Rejec, Petelin, et al, what does NLR tell us in regards to neoplastic disease?
NLR is a biomarker of innate and adaptive immune responses provoked by either inflammatory or neoplastic diseases. In cancer high NLR: enhanced neutrophil response (pro-tumor activity) and relative lymphopenia (anti tumor response by lymphocytes) caused by tumor cells.
119
According to "Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs w periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response" by Rejec, Petelin, et al, explain the study design.
236 client owned dogs; restropective case-control study with 71 healthy dogs, 73 dogs with periodontitis, and 92 dogs with oropharyngeal tumors. Looked at biomarkers for inflammation or neoplasia: NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi
120
According to "Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs w periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response" by Rejec, Petelin, et al, which group had the highest NLR? What tumor types had the highest and lowest NLR?
NLR in OT group was highest: 8.59; 4.09 in PD group; 2.7 in HD group (lowest). MM/carcinoma had highest NLR and odontogenic tumors (POFs) had lowest.
121
According to "Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs w periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response" by Rejec, Petelin, et al, which group had the highest and lowest PLR? which tumor types had the highest? lowest PLR?
Healthy dogs had lowest PLR (145.31); higher in dogs with PD (224) and OT (290.5). Highest values of PLR in dogs with MM and similar values in carcinomas/sarcomas/ODT.
122
According to "Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs w periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response" by Rejec, Petelin, et al, was MPV/PLT associated with any group?
No. There was no significant association with any group. Values were similar amongst groups.
123
According to "Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs w periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response" by Rejec, Petelin, et al, which group had the highest PLCRi? lowest? was there an association with a certain group? which tumor types were higher? lower?
PLCRi lowest in HD (47.41); highest in OT group (90.04); PD group 69.18. PLCRi was associated with OT group. Highest in MM/carcinomas; lowest in sarcomas/ODT.
124
According to "Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs w periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response" by Rejec, Petelin, et al, were RDW-CV, PDW, and P-LCR associated with any group of dogs?
No. There was no association btwn these parameters and any group of dogs.
125
According to "Evaluation of Complete Blood Count Indices (NLR, PLR, MPV/PLT, PLCRi) in healthy dogs, dogs w periodontitis, and dogs with oropharyngeal tumors as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response" by Rejec, Petelin, et al, overall, did PD disease have an impact on NLR? What about OTs? Were certain tumor types associated?
No. There was no significant difference when comparing HD and dogs with PD dz. Dogs with OT had higher NLR than HD or PD; may be associated with increased neutrophil-dependent systemic inflammatory response and reduced lymphocyte-mediated anti tumor immune response in dogs with OT. YES! Dogs with MM/carcinomas had highest NLR values; lowest were dogs with ODT (these values were similar to PD group).
126
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what isa rhinolith? what are the sources of a nidus?
Rhinolith: mineralized masses found in the nasal cavity that form around an intranasal nidus via the precipitation of mineral salts derived from nasal and inflammatory secretions. Nidus can be endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous: even less common (all rhinoliths are extremely rare). Exogenous: associated with FB, more common in ppl that place stuff in their nose as children.
127
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, in this case there was a mineral opacity dorsal to 204 which had endodontic disease. what is the theory for how this suspect rhinolith formed?
Endodontic disease of CCF 204 led to inflammatory reaction leading to endogenous rhinolith. ONF present following extraction. Cat was asymptomatic.
128
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what is the typical presentation of a rhinolith in human medicine?
Often asymptomatic, incidental finding on dental rads. Usually unilateral (can be bilateral but even more rare). Usually located in the ventral aspect of nasal cavity. Can also be present in sinuses in people (antroliths). They are irregular in shape, varying shades of brown, friable/chalky. If symptomatic associated with chronic rhinitis.
129
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what is the accepted pathophysiology of rhinoliths (although uncertain)?
precipitation of mineral salts around exogenous or endogenous nidus. Mineral salts from chronic inflammatory secretions associated with nidus +/- lacrimal secretions. Mechanical obstructions preventing normal outflow of secretions, altered airflow may be associated. 2 case reports in dogs were brachycephalic and this case was a cat.
130
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what is the timeline for rhinolith formation? why aren't all nidus locatable?
unknown timeline, likely takes years, hence low incidence in SA. Lack of nidus: too small to find grossly, degraded by chronic inflammation, or expulsion prior to diagnosis.
131
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what is the best way to diagnose a rhinolith?
CT may give a better image for location, size, and nidus. Rads can find it too as well as rhinoscopy. All 3 modalities may be best .
132
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what are some differentials for a calcified neoplasm?
calcified nasal polyps, ossifying fibromas, osteomas, chondromas, osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, odontomas. Gross and radiographic presentation of may of these does not fit.
133
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what is the recommended treatment for rhinoliths?
Removal, preferably non-invasive: trans nasally with endoscopy, ultrasound lithotripsy has been performed (not tx of choice), surgical extraction if necessary (can cause complications), in SA turbinectomy +/- laser assisted, usually more as a last resort. Here it was convenient with the location given the dental extraction to use a trans alveolar approach.
134
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what diagnostic was not performed in this case that would have been useful?
Histopath! Not really sure of the diagnosis. Also mineralogy analysis for definitive diagnosis.
135
According to "Suspected rhinolithiasis associated w endodontic disease in a cat" by Ng, Fiani, Peralta, what are rhinoliths composed of?
90% inorganic/10% organic derived from nasal secretions; inorganic primarily calcium phosphate with lesser amounts of magnesium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
136
According to "Comparison of Micro-CT and digital intraoral radiography to determine accuracy of digital radiographic measurements of mandibular molar teeth in dogs" by Marron, Rawlinson, McGilvray, and Prytherch, what was the goal of this study? Were the findings statistically significant?
Try to use IOR to age dogs via root and root canal width measurements using comparison to micro-CT. Used 39molars (20R, 19L) from dead dogs with 3 data points half of which were lost in processing or secondary to apical calcification. Not significant.
137
According to "Comparison of Micro-CT and digital intraoral radiography to determine accuracy of digital radiographic measurements of mandibular molar teeth in dogs" by Marron, Rawlinson, McGilvray, and Prytherch, what were some of the limitations of this study?
Anatomic variability, fluctuations in dentinogenesis rate, variety of radiographic software and hardware available on the market
138
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, what is the first step for implant placement with immediate implants?
Surgical phase: Extract tooth that will be replaced and place an implant (in both cats 5x10mm) with some form of bone graft or bone putty to fill the socket. Then a flat healing screw is placed prior to closure of the MG flap.
139
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, what are the 2 methods described for placement of the implant?
By hand and final insertion torque of 45Ncm checked with implant torque wrench; OR socket osteotomy with osseodensification drilling protocol (compaction autografting) that compresses the osteotomized alveolar bone increasing density. Burs used rotate counterclockwise at 800 to 1200rpm, compacting but does not cut bone. Yields better primary stability and superior bone-to-implant contact upon implant insertion. Torque of 50Ncm.
140
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, what were the two different materials used to increase osseointegration when the implant was placed? Why?
Bone putty and bone graft. Increase osseointegration, assist in socket regeneration and minimize bone resorption.
141
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, Following implant placement, what type of screw was placed on the implant? Where is the implant placed in regards to alveolar bone?
flat healing screw/cover screw and covered with MG flap. Subcrestally. In humans can be supercrestal.... diff types of implants.
142
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, how long between the surgical and uncovering/restoration phase? What occurs at the uncovering/restoration phase?
5-6 months (diff btwn cases). Recheck rads, determine adequate bony healing and osseointegration of implant as well as soft tissue healing without irritation. A 5mm punch was used to expose implant. Cover screw removed with hex wrench and healing abutment was placed. Soft tissue was allowed to heal for 3 weeks. Return visit: abutment removed, closed impression abutment inserted and radiograph taken to verify good association btwn parts, impressions with VPS taken and submitted for crown/abutment fabrication. The healing abutment was replaced.
143
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman,how long following impressions is the fabricated abutment placed?
One month. Cemented in place with dual-cure resin cement. Occlusion checked. In both cases.
144
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, what follow up is done to monitor the implant?
Routine radiographs annually to look for stable bone and no loss over implant or perioimplantitis, mucositis, or PP.
145
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, what is final implant stability quotient (ISQ)? What does the value indicate?
ISQ is the value on a scale of 1-100 that indicates the level of stability and osseointegration in dental implants. Obtained using resonance frequency analysis. Higher values indicated greater stability. Acceptable range 55-85ISQ (cat 2 was 75).
146
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, what are the downfalls of dental implants in companion animals?
lack of case series and long term follow up, technique sensitive, need for superb at home oral care, unknown success rate, complications (perforation with end osseous drills, post op bleeding, swelling, infection all of which can lead to early loss of the implant), need to eat soft food only for 4-6 weeks following restoration of implant,
147
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, what are some causes of early implant loss?
failure of osseointegration; medium/longterm loss of implant often due to poor at home oral care.
148
According to "Feline Implants: Long-term followup of 2 cases" by Male, Caiafa, Kurtzman, what is the opinion regarding antibiotics?
Systemic antibiotics as opposed to cleaning the surgical site is better tolerated by cats and help keep bacteria at a low level in the oral cavity hopefully decreasing the potential for peri-implantitis.
149
According to JVD Winter 2017, A Case of Congenital Supernumerary Teeth in an Ovine Dental Pad,
What are normotropic and heterotropic teeth?
Normotropic are teeth which develop within the alveolar region
Heterotropic are teeth which develop elsewhere in the body
150
According to JVD Winter 2017, A Case of Congenital Supernumerary Teeth in an Ovine Dental Pad,
What did the authors find?
It’s in the title… but two incisors in the maxillary dental pad.
151
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Clinical Characterization of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma (CAA) in 263 dogs and the Influence of Postsurgical Histopathological Margin on Local Recurrence,
What are the variants of ameloblastoma in the dog?
desmoplastic ameloblastoma, keratinizing ameloblastoma, solid ameloblastoma, and then just CAA
152
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Clinical Characterization of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma (CAA) in 263 dogs and the Influence of Postsurgical Histopathological Margin on Local Recurrence,
How common is recurrence following marginal resection?
91% (according to paper quoted in intro)
153
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Clinical Characterization of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma (CAA) in 263 dogs and the Influence of Postsurgical Histopathological Margin on Local Recurrence,
What size and breed of dog are overrepresented in this study?
Medium to large dogs – avg. weight 27.35 kg, and golden retrievers (maybe cocker spaniels)
154
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Clinical Characterization of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma (CAA) in 263 dogs and the Influence of Postsurgical Histopathological Margin on Local Recurrence,
Rank the location by rostral and caudal maxilla and mandible
Rostral mandible (51%) > caudal mandible (21.5%) = rostral maxilla (21.5%) > caudal maxilla (5.8%)
155
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Clinical Characterization of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma (CAA) in 263 dogs and the Influence of Postsurgical Histopathological Margin on Local Recurrence,
What effect did an incomplete versus a narrow versus a complete margin have on CAA recurrence?
None – no recurrence seen. 65.2% had "dirty margins" and still didn't grow back.
156
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Clinical Characterization of Canine Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma (CAA) in 263 dogs and the Influence of Postsurgical Histopathological Margin on Local Recurrence,
What were the authors conclusions regarding surgical margins and follow up on dirty margins?
1 cm should be appropriate, less may be possible. Medical monitoring may be appropriate for dirty margins, as 65.2% of sample had a dirty margin and none regrew.
157
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
What were the average angles in the transverse plane and sagittal plane?
Transverse – 3.5 - 6.8 degrees
| Sagittal 32.7 - 44.9 degrees
158
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
What was of note when comparing left and right sides?
No overall variation L VS R, but within EVERY horse there was a variation in angles between the left and right side
159
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
What differences were seen between upper and lower incisors?
Same transverse angles, but lower incisors have steeper angles than upper incisors
160
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
What is caused by an increased angle in a quadrant?
An increased angle in the opposing quadrant
161
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
Why did the planes of the upper jaw bars and the facial crest not work well as opposed to mandibular bars?
Slightly curved shape to upper bars and facial crest.
162
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
What sagittal angle to the jaw bars and facial crest for the upper incisors? Lower incisor to the jaw bar?
Uppers: 7.1-10 deg to bar, 0.6-5.2 for the facial crest (less than 10 for both)
Lowers: 21-25 deg to bar.
163
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
When do equine incisor reach their max length and how long is that maintained?
4 years post eruption, for approx. 13-15 years post eruption
164
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
What reference point did the authors consider most reliable clinically?
Lower Jaw bars
165
According to JVD 2017 Winter, Occlusal angles of equine incisors,
What was considered the normal angulation in the sagittal plane and how does it compare to other authors?
21-25 deg and it is steeper than the reported 10-15 deg.
