JVD 2016 deck Flashcards
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what are some causes of mandibular segmental defects? What are the goals of reconstructive treatment?
trauma, ballistic projectiles, severe perio, mandibulectomy (tumor, other); goals: reestablish bone continuity, obtain appropriate dental occlusion (prevent drift), and restore functional aspects
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what are the most common implants used for mandibular reconstruction? where are they typically placed? Where is the tensile zone of the mandible?
bone plates and screws (could also use in conjunction w BMPs– not mentioned); placed on ventral aspect of mandible to stabilize segments and preserve facial contour and occlusion and stabilize bone grafts; tensile surface is dorsal aspect
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what is the complication with the location of the tensile zone of the mandible (why can’t it be used)?
dorsal aspect of mandible; tooth roots and mandibular canal may be in the way
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, briefly explain the study design.
4 healthy dogs (Rottie, Dobie, Boxer, Mini poodle) used as models through helical CT and 3D models made. 6 mandibular prototypes made for each dog breed (4) with a segmental bone defect in the right mandible at the level of the first molar (409). Bridging plate and cortical locking screws designed. Force used in finite element method to calculuate plate resistance to bite forces was based on previously recorded body mass bite forces. Plates were made of titanium and mono cortical locking screws 4 on either side of defect (diff sizes for diff breeds). Screws placed buccal cortical bone body midway to avoid tooth roots/canal. Cantilever bending performed on 20 mandible prototypes with load applied to fourth premolar tooth.
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what were the results in regard to fracture of the left mandible in each breed?
Rotties and Dobies had all left mandibles fx in caudal portion with no evidence of plate fracture or screw failure. All but one boxer mandible fractured in left caudal mandible; no fracture of bone plate, 1 had locking screw caudal to defect pullout, 1 bending of bridging plate. Mini poodles all left mandibles had fracture caudally, all bridging plates bended, pullouts locking screws caudal to defect in all.
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, in regards to maximum forces, deflection, and relative rigidity for each breed was there statistical significance?
Max force: no sig difference btwn Dobie and Rottie, btwn Dobie and boxer, WAS sig difference btwn boxer and Rottie. Max deflection: no sig diff btwn Rottie, Dobie, Boxer. Relative rigidity: no sig difference btwn Dobbie and Rottie, WAS sig difference btwn Dobie and Boxer and btwn Boxer and Rottie.
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, for medium and large breed dogs where was the highest force concentration on the plate? small breed dogs?
caudal portion of bridging plate with screws 1/4 with most demand. Central portion of bridging plate.
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, where did 85% of all fractures occur? what was less rigid: left mandible or plate mandible system?
caudal mandibular body of left mandibles; plate mandible system was less rigid than left mandible, hence, fractures of the left mandible.
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, overall what was seen in medium/large breed dogs? small breed dogs? in response to bending forces
Med/Lg breed: fractured left mandible with no fracture of plate and mostly no pullout of locking screws. Small breed: fx of left mandible, deformation and pullout of locking screws in caudal portion of plate.
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what is the theory for why small breed dogs had pullout of locking screws, deformation of plate and left mandibular fx?
less thick cortical bone in relation to larger breeds.
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what is responsible for the forces being applied to the caudal portion of the plate?
masticatory forces
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what were some limitations of this study?
cannot generalize for all breeds; mechanical properties of model diff than real bone; placement of bone plate maybe unrealistic to prevent trauma to tooth roots/mandibular canal w/o shorter mono cortical screws
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, was the bridging plate overall able to support bite force for each evaluated dog?
Yes; at least 5x (more in certain breeds).
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, what is meant by the term hystricomorph rodents? what type of teeth do these rodents and lagomorphs have?
means rodents with zygomassenteric specialization, hyposodont. elodont, aradicular teeth (all teeth, unlike other rodents with closed premolars/molars), ex are porcupine, chinchillas, GPs, capybaras; lagamorphs are hypsodont, elodont, aradicular.
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, what 3 types of diagnostics were performed to measure tooth growth?
Manual bur marks on teeth, CT for apical to coronal measurement, and fluorescence microscopic images of teeth
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, what were the 2 fluorescence markers used? what were the 2 groups of rabbits and on what days were the analyses performed?
6 rabbits; 3 on all grass hay, 3 on grass, rice hull pellets and sand; 2-5d post diet change SQ injection of calcein green; 10d later SQ injection xylenol orange.
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, was there correlation btwn the different modalities?
Sig correlation btwn manual and CT measurements.
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, were the authors able to draw any conclusions regarding overall growth/eruption and diet?
No due to small sample size. Anecdotally, rabbits in hay groups had a slower more normal growth rate.
According to JVD Spring 2016, Treatment of Bignathic Malocclusions With Multistage Active Force Orthodontic Movements in a Cat,
What are the recommended forces for tipping a tooth?
35-60gm
According to JVD Spring 2016, Treatment of Bignathic Malocclusions With Multistage Active Force Orthodontic Movements in a Cat,
What is commonly recommended in the veterinary literature to activate an elastic force device?
Reduce at rest length by 25%
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence,
According to the VOHC, how much difference in plaque accumulation must be seen to consider a treatment effective?
15%
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence
What are currently accepted plaque quantification methods and what is their premise?
Logan boyce – accumulation of plaque on the entire buccal surface of a tooth scored 1-4
GCPI percentage of gingival margin with plaque measured with a special gingival margin probe on select teeth, averaged out to give a score for the mouth
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence,
Which teeth are included by the VOHC for scoring of plaque products?
Maxillary I3, C, P3, P4, M1, and mandibular C, P3, P4, M1
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence
Which teeth showed the most variability?
P1 and P2, but they had the lowest level of plaque coverage.
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence,
What are some of the reported benefits of the new system?
Correlates well with accepted standards, may be more accurate dt use of computer measurement, can show significance with fewer animals, less subjective, good inter and intraobserver agreement, can store images indefinitely
Accoding to JVD spring 2016, Modified Labial Button Technique for Maintaining Occlusion After Caudal Mandibular Fracture/Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in the Cat,
In another study what was the reported success rate for making patients free of discomfort and achieving radiographic healing?
94% free of discomfort
68% radiographic healing
Accoding to JVD spring 2016, Modified Labial Button Technique for Maintaining Occlusion After Caudal Mandibular Fracture/Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in the Cat,
Why is this procedure preferred in young patients?
Aviods rigid fixation, allows continued growth
Accoding to JVD spring 2016, Modified Labial Button Technique for Maintaining Occlusion After Caudal Mandibular Fracture/Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in the Cat,
What type of fractures can this technique be used for?
Minimally displaced subcondylar and pericondylar fractures (Favourable caudal mandibular fractures)
According to “Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs” by Snyderx2, was there statistical significance associated with the decrease in MAC between the bupivacaine only group and the bupivacaine-buprenorphine group? What were the reported overall MAC reductions for each group?
No statistical significant. 22% decrease bupivacaine group; 19% decrease in bupivacaine/buprenorphine group
According to “Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs” by Snyderx2, what is the reason to reduce MAC? what is MAC? what is the published MAC for isoflurane? what is MAC influenced by?
minimize cardiorespiratory effects of inhalants; minimum alveolar concentration that will prevent gross purposeful movement in 50% of patients when subjected to noxious stimuli such as surgical manipulation; 1.3%; age, temperature (hypothermia), other systemic disease, intracranial pressure, hypotension, hypovolemia, etc.
According to “Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs” by Snyderx2, what method was used to induce surgical noxious stimuli in 8 beagle dogs?
Dental dolorimetry: electrode hooked up to maxillary canine and gingiva coronal to MGJ of canine and connected to stimulating device.
According to “Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs” by Snyderx2, what was the idea behind the use of buprenorphine in blocks? like why?
peripheral mu receptors have been shown in people with chronic nociception and the addition of opiod to blocks has been shown to increase analgesia for 30h beyond local anesthetic alone in 75% of human patients.
According to “Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs” by Snyderx2, what were some limitations of this study?
Lack of chronic pain, limited sample size (need at least 40 dogs), and better pain induction/testing of pain techniques (perceived pain).
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what bones compromise the TMJ? What is its function?
2 articular surfaces: mandibular fossa of squamous portion of the temporal bone and the articular head of the condylar process of the mandible; opening and closing the jaw
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what are the 3 skull conformations in dogs?
mesaticephalic (mesocephalic), brachycephalic, and dolichocephalic
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what are some disorders of the TMJ listed?
OA, fractures, dysplasia, ankylosis
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, name 1, 2, 3, 4 and *.
1: mandibular fossa, 2: retro articular process, 3: articular eminence, 4: nuchal crest, *: EARCP=estimated axis of rotation of condylar process
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what was measured?
Width and depth of mandibular fossa, Angle 1 (degree of ventral extension of retroaticular process in relation to articular head of condylar process), angle 2 (congruence btwn mandibular fossa and articular head of condylar process from 17 mesaticephalic dogs and 31 brachycephalic dogs
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what dog breeds were represented?
17 mesaticephalic: labs, cockers, GSD; 31 brachycephalic: CKCS, English bulldog, shih tzu, pug
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, overall the mandibular fossa and retroarticular process measurements revealed what?
mandibular fossa was wider and deeper in labs, GSD, English bulldogs, and boxers; shallower mandibular fossa in cockers, shih tzus, and lone pug; CKCS had shallowest of all mandibular fossa; retroarticular process prominent in labs, GSDs, boxers bulldogs; retroarticular process less developed in cockers, shih tzus, and pug; CKCS had small or absent retroarticular process
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what conclusions were drawn about the condylar process?
a more rounded condylar process (labs, GSD) had better congruence than a less rounded with more irregular subchondral bone.
According to “Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT” by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what angle could partial or total loss of TMJ congruence be associated with?
angles less than 100
According to “oral malignant melanoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)” by d’Ovidio, Meomartino, et al, the authors mention full staging, what part of TNM staging was not included?
aspirate LNs
According to “oral malignant melanoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)” by d’Ovidio, Meomartino, et al, histopath of the gingival mass revealed less than 5% of brown/black intracytoplasmic pigment. What was the next step for diagnosis?
Immunohistochemistry with S100 and vimentin
According to “oral malignant melanoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)” by d’Ovidio, Meomartino, et al, what was the recommended treatment for the ferret? What was the outcome?
Rostral maxillectomy + chemo+ radiation (not a radiosensitive tumor, but can use radio sensitizer); difficulty breathing 3.6mo later, died within 24h. No necropsy
According to JVD Summer 2016, Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction for Class 2 Malocclusion in a Dog,
What is the benefit of extracting deciduous canine teeth causing an interlock?
Resolves pain from trauma, allows independent growth of mandibles to their genetic potential.
According to JVD Summer 2016, Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction for Class 2 Malocclusion in a Dog,
What would alternatives be to extracting teeth?
Distraction osteogenesis, orthodontic movement (incline plane, crown extension), Vital pulp therapy.
According to JVD Summer 2016, Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction for Class 2 Malocclusion in a Dog,
How successful is ball play (kong ball therapy) and why could it not be performed initially in this case?
As successful as conventional orthodontics, and due to the position of 204 – directly buccal to 304 contact, so nowhere for 304 to go without hitting 204.
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What are primary diastemata?
Primary is when there is insufficient angulation of 06 or 11 to force the compression into a single functional unit, OR when tooth buds are too far apart, and just erupt with spaces
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What are secondary diastemata?
Secondary is when there is overcrowding in an arcade and the eruption forces teeth into abnormal positions and there is resulting diastemata OR if there is overgrowth of 106/206 or 311/411 and the overtall tooth is forced into an abnormal position
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What are senile diastemata?
When the teeth are almost worn out and the apices emerge as the chewing surface, they do not fill the whole space, do not achieve compression and diastemata develop.
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What were the different treatments used?
Cleaned pockets manually and with water, then lavaged with chlorhexidine
Packed pockets with crushed metronidazole tablets
Packed petronidazole tablets into the pocket, then put a PVS pack on which was impregnated with crushed metronidazole
Diastemata widening with a diastemata bur
, then packed with metro pack
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
How were the groups made up?
Owner preference of treatment. 😐
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What were the improvements in pocket depth by treatment and which were significant?
Cleaning 1.75 mm
Metro 2.8 mm
PVS 3.6 mm
Diastemata widening 4.0 mm
Al significant except for diastemata widening dt low numbers
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
When a mixed linear model was used to evaluate additional variables, what was found?
Confounding effect of initial pocket depth removed significance, except that diastema widening did worse than others when that effect was accounted for, but still small numbers so caution in interpretation.
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
What is a microbiome?
The aggregate genetic material living on or in a defined habitat.
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
What is the study of metagenomics based on?
Analysis of the 16s (prokaryotes) or 18s (eukaryotes) ribosomal rRNA, which contains conserved and variable regions dependent on the species
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
How is species determined within this data?
Different genomic sequence from either know references or from other sequences by a set amount (1.5% or 3% for example)
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
In the oral cavity sites, which sample sites had groups of bacteria that were most similar to one another?
(buccal mucosa, hard palate, and keratinized gingiva)
(saliva, tongue, tonsils, throat)
(supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque)
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
Roughly what percentage of bacterial taxa in plaque in dogs have sequences that can be matched to human isolates?
13 - 16%
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
What does this review do to the concept of gram positive and negative bacteria and health and disease?
We know nothing: in dogs G+ve dominate in disease, and Gram negatives are the early colonizers of professionally cleaned teeth…
At least aerobes and anaerobes are sort of similar to what they used to be, except healthy dogs have more facultative anaerobes..
In cats it seems g negative flora may be more normal, and shift in populations to gram positive is a sign of disease
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
6 bacterial phyla seem to domninate in all species, what are they?
Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Spirochetes
According to “Dimensions of 65 extracted equine first premolar teeth” by Hole, Manfredi, Clayton, what tooth are wolf teeth? Where are they typically located? Where are they rare?
First premolar (05s); most common maxillary 10-40%; uncommon/rare in mandible
According to “Dimensions of 65 extracted equine first premolar teeth” by Hole, Manfredi, Clayton, what dimensions were measured? Were they statistically significant?
total length, root length, crown height, crown width in 65 teeth; crown width had a fair correlation with total length, total length had a good correlation with root length
According to “Dimensions of 65 extracted equine first premolar teeth” by Hole, Manfredi, Clayton, what was the median tooth length and crown width? what was the one takeaway?
21mm, 7mm; crown height is not an indicator of tooth length, however, the root is likely as long if not longer than the crown. -_-
According to “Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series,” by Alterman and Huff, what are the five tissue types that can repopulate a root surface following root planing? What happens when each tissue type regenerates first?
Gingival epithelium (long jnctl epithelium), gingival CT, alveolar bone, PDL, cementum; gingival epithelium results in long junctional epithelium along the root surface which eventually breaks down resulting in continued PD dz, bone leads to ankylosis or replacement resorption, gingival CT will lead to alveolar bone regenerating with no connection to cementum.
According to “Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series,” by Alterman and Huff, what is the goal of GTR?
to prevent epithelial migration along cemental wall of a periodontal pocket; only PDL cells are capable of regenerating tooth attachment
According to “Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series,” by Alterman and Huff, what are indications for GTR? what factors effect success?
2 or 3 walled vertical bony defect, class 2 FE, circumferential infra bony osseous defect; anatomic factors, patient and client factors (compliance for home care), surgical technique, deep (>4mm) infra bony pocket with narrow defect angle (<45deg) and vertical bone loss have better prognosis
According to “Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series,” by Alterman and Huff, what qualities should a membrane possess?
biocompatible, integrate with tissues, prevent ingrowth of cells outside membrane, and positionable in the right place to allow for desired new tissue to proliferate, remain in place for 28-42d after placement. Either absorbable or non absorbable (less desirable bc must be removed)
According to “Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series,” by Alterman and Huff, what was the overall case outcome for each of the 4 cases?
overall attachment gain and new bone growth in all 4 cases; 2 teeth maintained a PPD of 5mm (still abnormal) but remained static for 1 year. Overall, all 4 cases were considered successful with doxirobe as a membrane and bone allograft for GTR.
According to “Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series,” by Alterman and Huff, what are the benefits of Doxirobe as a membrane? What is the downfall?
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and poly (DL-lactide) delivery system (polymer) and 8.5% doxycycline: bioabsorbable, nonirritating, starts as liquid which makes it easier to fit around teeth, easy to use. Limited studies proving its efficacy for GTR, off-label