JVD 2016 deck Flashcards
1
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what are some causes of mandibular segmental defects? What are the goals of reconstructive treatment?
A
trauma, ballistic projectiles, severe perio, mandibulectomy (tumor, other); goals: reestablish bone continuity, obtain appropriate dental occlusion (prevent drift), and restore functional aspects
2
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what are the most common implants used for mandibular reconstruction? where are they typically placed? Where is the tensile zone of the mandible?
A
bone plates and screws (could also use in conjunction w BMPs– not mentioned); placed on ventral aspect of mandible to stabilize segments and preserve facial contour and occlusion and stabilize bone grafts; tensile surface is dorsal aspect
3
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what is the complication with the location of the tensile zone of the mandible (why can’t it be used)?
A
dorsal aspect of mandible; tooth roots and mandibular canal may be in the way
4
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, briefly explain the study design.
A
4 healthy dogs (Rottie, Dobie, Boxer, Mini poodle) used as models through helical CT and 3D models made. 6 mandibular prototypes made for each dog breed (4) with a segmental bone defect in the right mandible at the level of the first molar (409). Bridging plate and cortical locking screws designed. Force used in finite element method to calculuate plate resistance to bite forces was based on previously recorded body mass bite forces. Plates were made of titanium and mono cortical locking screws 4 on either side of defect (diff sizes for diff breeds). Screws placed buccal cortical bone body midway to avoid tooth roots/canal. Cantilever bending performed on 20 mandible prototypes with load applied to fourth premolar tooth.
5
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what were the results in regard to fracture of the left mandible in each breed?
A
Rotties and Dobies had all left mandibles fx in caudal portion with no evidence of plate fracture or screw failure. All but one boxer mandible fractured in left caudal mandible; no fracture of bone plate, 1 had locking screw caudal to defect pullout, 1 bending of bridging plate. Mini poodles all left mandibles had fracture caudally, all bridging plates bended, pullouts locking screws caudal to defect in all.
6
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, in regards to maximum forces, deflection, and relative rigidity for each breed was there statistical significance?
A
Max force: no sig difference btwn Dobie and Rottie, btwn Dobie and boxer, WAS sig difference btwn boxer and Rottie. Max deflection: no sig diff btwn Rottie, Dobie, Boxer. Relative rigidity: no sig difference btwn Dobbie and Rottie, WAS sig difference btwn Dobie and Boxer and btwn Boxer and Rottie.
7
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, for medium and large breed dogs where was the highest force concentration on the plate? small breed dogs?
A
caudal portion of bridging plate with screws 1/4 with most demand. Central portion of bridging plate.
8
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, where did 85% of all fractures occur? what was less rigid: left mandible or plate mandible system?
A
caudal mandibular body of left mandibles; plate mandible system was less rigid than left mandible, hence, fractures of the left mandible.
9
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, overall what was seen in medium/large breed dogs? small breed dogs? in response to bending forces
A
Med/Lg breed: fractured left mandible with no fracture of plate and mostly no pullout of locking screws. Small breed: fx of left mandible, deformation and pullout of locking screws in caudal portion of plate.
10
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what is the theory for why small breed dogs had pullout of locking screws, deformation of plate and left mandibular fx?
A
less thick cortical bone in relation to larger breeds.
11
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what is responsible for the forces being applied to the caudal portion of the plate?
A
masticatory forces
12
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, what were some limitations of this study?
A
cannot generalize for all breeds; mechanical properties of model diff than real bone; placement of bone plate maybe unrealistic to prevent trauma to tooth roots/mandibular canal w/o shorter mono cortical screws
13
Q
According to “Bridging plate development for Tx of segmental bone defects of the canine mandible: mechanical tests and finite element method” by Perez de Freitas, Melchert et al, was the bridging plate overall able to support bite force for each evaluated dog?
A
Yes; at least 5x (more in certain breeds).
14
Q
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, what is meant by the term hystricomorph rodents? what type of teeth do these rodents and lagomorphs have?
A
means rodents with zygomassenteric specialization, hyposodont. elodont, aradicular teeth (all teeth, unlike other rodents with closed premolars/molars), ex are porcupine, chinchillas, GPs, capybaras; lagamorphs are hypsodont, elodont, aradicular.
15
Q
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, what 3 types of diagnostics were performed to measure tooth growth?
A
Manual bur marks on teeth, CT for apical to coronal measurement, and fluorescence microscopic images of teeth
16
Q
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, what were the 2 fluorescence markers used? what were the 2 groups of rabbits and on what days were the analyses performed?
A
6 rabbits; 3 on all grass hay, 3 on grass, rice hull pellets and sand; 2-5d post diet change SQ injection of calcein green; 10d later SQ injection xylenol orange.
17
Q
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, was there correlation btwn the different modalities?
A
Sig correlation btwn manual and CT measurements.
18
Q
According to “Measuring Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tooth growth and eruption by fluorescence markers and bur marks” by Wyss, Hatt et al, were the authors able to draw any conclusions regarding overall growth/eruption and diet?
A
No due to small sample size. Anecdotally, rabbits in hay groups had a slower more normal growth rate.
19
Q
According to JVD Spring 2016, Treatment of Bignathic Malocclusions With Multistage Active Force Orthodontic Movements in a Cat,
What are the recommended forces for tipping a tooth?
A
35-60gm
20
Q
According to JVD Spring 2016, Treatment of Bignathic Malocclusions With Multistage Active Force Orthodontic Movements in a Cat,
What is commonly recommended in the veterinary literature to activate an elastic force device?
A
Reduce at rest length by 25%
21
Q
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence,
According to the VOHC, how much difference in plaque accumulation must be seen to consider a treatment effective?
A
15%
22
Q
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence
What are currently accepted plaque quantification methods and what is their premise?
A
Logan boyce – accumulation of plaque on the entire buccal surface of a tooth scored 1-4
GCPI percentage of gingival margin with plaque measured with a special gingival margin probe on select teeth, averaged out to give a score for the mouth
23
Q
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence,
Which teeth are included by the VOHC for scoring of plaque products?
A
Maxillary I3, C, P3, P4, M1, and mandibular C, P3, P4, M1
24
Q
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence
Which teeth showed the most variability?
A
P1 and P2, but they had the lowest level of plaque coverage.
25
According to Quantification of Canine Dental Plaque Using Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence,
What are some of the reported benefits of the new system?
Correlates well with accepted standards, may be more accurate dt use of computer measurement, can show significance with fewer animals, less subjective, good inter and intraobserver agreement, can store images indefinitely
26
Accoding to JVD spring 2016, Modified Labial Button Technique for Maintaining Occlusion After Caudal Mandibular Fracture/Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in the Cat,
In another study what was the reported success rate for making patients free of discomfort and achieving radiographic healing?
94% free of discomfort
68% radiographic healing
27
Accoding to JVD spring 2016, Modified Labial Button Technique for Maintaining Occlusion After Caudal Mandibular Fracture/Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in the Cat,
Why is this procedure preferred in young patients?
Aviods rigid fixation, allows continued growth
28
Accoding to JVD spring 2016, Modified Labial Button Technique for Maintaining Occlusion After Caudal Mandibular Fracture/Temporomandibular Joint Luxation in the Cat,
What type of fractures can this technique be used for?
Minimally displaced subcondylar and pericondylar fractures (Favourable caudal mandibular fractures)
29
According to "Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs" by Snyderx2, was there statistical significance associated with the decrease in MAC between the bupivacaine only group and the bupivacaine-buprenorphine group? What were the reported overall MAC reductions for each group?
No statistical significant. 22% decrease bupivacaine group; 19% decrease in bupivacaine/buprenorphine group
30
According to "Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs" by Snyderx2, what is the reason to reduce MAC? what is MAC? what is the published MAC for isoflurane? what is MAC influenced by?
minimize cardiorespiratory effects of inhalants; minimum alveolar concentration that will prevent gross purposeful movement in 50% of patients when subjected to noxious stimuli such as surgical manipulation; 1.3%; age, temperature (hypothermia), other systemic disease, intracranial pressure, hypotension, hypovolemia, etc.
31
According to "Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs" by Snyderx2, what method was used to induce surgical noxious stimuli in 8 beagle dogs?
Dental dolorimetry: electrode hooked up to maxillary canine and gingiva coronal to MGJ of canine and connected to stimulating device.
32
According to "Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs" by Snyderx2, what was the idea behind the use of buprenorphine in blocks? like why?
peripheral mu receptors have been shown in people with chronic nociception and the addition of opiod to blocks has been shown to increase analgesia for 30h beyond local anesthetic alone in 75% of human patients.
33
According to "Effects of buprenorphine added to bupivacaine infraorbital n. blocks on isoflurane MAC using a model for acute dental/oral surgical pain in dogs" by Snyderx2, what were some limitations of this study?
Lack of chronic pain, limited sample size (need at least 40 dogs), and better pain induction/testing of pain techniques (perceived pain).
34
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what bones compromise the TMJ? What is its function?
2 articular surfaces: mandibular fossa of squamous portion of the temporal bone and the articular head of the condylar process of the mandible; opening and closing the jaw
35
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what are the 3 skull conformations in dogs?
mesaticephalic (mesocephalic), brachycephalic, and dolichocephalic
36
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what are some disorders of the TMJ listed?
OA, fractures, dysplasia, ankylosis
37
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, name 1, 2, 3, 4 and *.
1: mandibular fossa, 2: retro articular process, 3: articular eminence, 4: nuchal crest, *: EARCP=estimated axis of rotation of condylar process
38
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what was measured?
Width and depth of mandibular fossa, Angle 1 (degree of ventral extension of retroaticular process in relation to articular head of condylar process), angle 2 (congruence btwn mandibular fossa and articular head of condylar process from 17 mesaticephalic dogs and 31 brachycephalic dogs
39
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what dog breeds were represented?
17 mesaticephalic: labs, cockers, GSD; 31 brachycephalic: CKCS, English bulldog, shih tzu, pug
40
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, overall the mandibular fossa and retroarticular process measurements revealed what?
mandibular fossa was wider and deeper in labs, GSD, English bulldogs, and boxers; shallower mandibular fossa in cockers, shih tzus, and lone pug; CKCS had shallowest of all mandibular fossa; retroarticular process prominent in labs, GSDs, boxers bulldogs; retroarticular process less developed in cockers, shih tzus, and pug; CKCS had small or absent retroarticular process
41
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what conclusions were drawn about the condylar process?
a more rounded condylar process (labs, GSD) had better congruence than a less rounded with more irregular subchondral bone.
42
According to "Morphologic and morphometric description of the TMJ in the dog using CT" by Veillamizar-Martinez, Pinto et al, what angle could partial or total loss of TMJ congruence be associated with?
angles less than 100
43
According to "oral malignant melanoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)" by d'Ovidio, Meomartino, et al, the authors mention full staging, what part of TNM staging was not included?
aspirate LNs
44
According to "oral malignant melanoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)" by d'Ovidio, Meomartino, et al, histopath of the gingival mass revealed less than 5% of brown/black intracytoplasmic pigment. What was the next step for diagnosis?
Immunohistochemistry with S100 and vimentin
45
According to "oral malignant melanoma in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)" by d'Ovidio, Meomartino, et al, what was the recommended treatment for the ferret? What was the outcome?
Rostral maxillectomy + chemo+ radiation (not a radiosensitive tumor, but can use radio sensitizer); difficulty breathing 3.6mo later, died within 24h. No necropsy
46
According to JVD Summer 2016, Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction for Class 2 Malocclusion in a Dog,
What is the benefit of extracting deciduous canine teeth causing an interlock?
Resolves pain from trauma, allows independent growth of mandibles to their genetic potential.
47
According to JVD Summer 2016, Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction for Class 2 Malocclusion in a Dog,
What would alternatives be to extracting teeth?
Distraction osteogenesis, orthodontic movement (incline plane, crown extension), Vital pulp therapy.
48
According to JVD Summer 2016, Maxillary Canine Tooth Extraction for Class 2 Malocclusion in a Dog,
How successful is ball play (kong ball therapy) and why could it not be performed initially in this case?
As successful as conventional orthodontics, and due to the position of 204 – directly buccal to 304 contact, so nowhere for 304 to go without hitting 204.
49
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What are primary diastemata?
Primary is when there is insufficient angulation of 06 or 11 to force the compression into a single functional unit, OR when tooth buds are too far apart, and just erupt with spaces
50
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What are secondary diastemata?
Secondary is when there is overcrowding in an arcade and the eruption forces teeth into abnormal positions and there is resulting diastemata OR if there is overgrowth of 106/206 or 311/411 and the overtall tooth is forced into an abnormal position
51
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What are senile diastemata?
When the teeth are almost worn out and the apices emerge as the chewing surface, they do not fill the whole space, do not achieve compression and diastemata develop.
52
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What were the different treatments used?
Cleaned pockets manually and with water, then lavaged with chlorhexidine
Packed pockets with crushed metronidazole tablets
Packed petronidazole tablets into the pocket, then put a PVS pack on which was impregnated with crushed metronidazole
Diastemata widening with a diastemata bur
, then packed with metro pack
53
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
How were the groups made up?
Owner preference of treatment. 😐
54
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
What were the improvements in pocket depth by treatment and which were significant?
Cleaning 1.75 mm
Metro 2.8 mm
PVS 3.6 mm
Diastemata widening 4.0 mm
Al significant except for diastemata widening dt low numbers
55
According to JVD Summer 2016, A Retrospective Study of the Effectiveness of Four Different Treatments of Periodontal Disease in Equine Cheek Teeth,
When a mixed linear model was used to evaluate additional variables, what was found?
Confounding effect of initial pocket depth removed significance, except that diastema widening did worse than others when that effect was accounted for, but still small numbers so caution in interpretation.
56
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
What is a microbiome?
The aggregate genetic material living on or in a defined habitat.
57
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
What is the study of metagenomics based on?
Analysis of the 16s (prokaryotes) or 18s (eukaryotes) ribosomal rRNA, which contains conserved and variable regions dependent on the species
58
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
How is species determined within this data?
Different genomic sequence from either know references or from other sequences by a set amount (1.5% or 3% for example)
59
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
In the oral cavity sites, which sample sites had groups of bacteria that were most similar to one another?
(buccal mucosa, hard palate, and keratinized gingiva)
(saliva, tongue, tonsils, throat)
(supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque)
60
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
Roughly what percentage of bacterial taxa in plaque in dogs have sequences that can be matched to human isolates?
13 - 16%
61
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
What does this review do to the concept of gram positive and negative bacteria and health and disease?
We know nothing: in dogs G+ve dominate in disease, and Gram negatives are the early colonizers of professionally cleaned teeth…
At least aerobes and anaerobes are sort of similar to what they used to be, except healthy dogs have more facultative anaerobes..
In cats it seems g negative flora may be more normal, and shift in populations to gram positive is a sign of disease
62
According to Gene Sequence Analyses of the Healthy Oral Microbiome in Humans and Companion Animals: A Comparative Review,
6 bacterial phyla seem to domninate in all species, what are they?
Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Spirochetes
63
According to "Dimensions of 65 extracted equine first premolar teeth" by Hole, Manfredi, Clayton, what tooth are wolf teeth? Where are they typically located? Where are they rare?
First premolar (05s); most common maxillary 10-40%; uncommon/rare in mandible
64
According to "Dimensions of 65 extracted equine first premolar teeth" by Hole, Manfredi, Clayton, what dimensions were measured? Were they statistically significant?
total length, root length, crown height, crown width in 65 teeth; crown width had a fair correlation with total length, total length had a good correlation with root length
65
According to "Dimensions of 65 extracted equine first premolar teeth" by Hole, Manfredi, Clayton, what was the median tooth length and crown width? what was the one takeaway?
21mm, 7mm; crown height is not an indicator of tooth length, however, the root is likely as long if not longer than the crown. -_-
66
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what are the five tissue types that can repopulate a root surface following root planing? What happens when each tissue type regenerates first?
Gingival epithelium (long jnctl epithelium), gingival CT, alveolar bone, PDL, cementum; gingival epithelium results in long junctional epithelium along the root surface which eventually breaks down resulting in continued PD dz, bone leads to ankylosis or replacement resorption, gingival CT will lead to alveolar bone regenerating with no connection to cementum.
67
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what is the goal of GTR?
to prevent epithelial migration along cemental wall of a periodontal pocket; only PDL cells are capable of regenerating tooth attachment
68
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what are indications for GTR? what factors effect success?
2 or 3 walled vertical bony defect, class 2 FE, circumferential infra bony osseous defect; anatomic factors, patient and client factors (compliance for home care), surgical technique, deep (>4mm) infra bony pocket with narrow defect angle (<45deg) and vertical bone loss have better prognosis
69
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what qualities should a membrane possess?
biocompatible, integrate with tissues, prevent ingrowth of cells outside membrane, and positionable in the right place to allow for desired new tissue to proliferate, remain in place for 28-42d after placement. Either absorbable or non absorbable (less desirable bc must be removed)
70
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what was the overall case outcome for each of the 4 cases?
overall attachment gain and new bone growth in all 4 cases; 2 teeth maintained a PPD of 5mm (still abnormal) but remained static for 1 year. Overall, all 4 cases were considered successful with doxirobe as a membrane and bone allograft for GTR.
71
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what are the benefits of Doxirobe as a membrane? What is the downfall?
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and poly (DL-lactide) delivery system (polymer) and 8.5% doxycycline: bioabsorbable, nonirritating, starts as liquid which makes it easier to fit around teeth, easy to use. Limited studies proving its efficacy for GTR, off-label
72
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, how long is doxirobe supposed to last following implantation? has it been shown to be effective in regaining attachment in humans?
According to one human study at least 5 months; yes, but with 4% doxycycline used as a membrane, NOT 8.5%.
73
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what is one benefit of doxycycline?
downreulgates MMPs, unregulated collagen production leading to osteoblastic activity and new bone formation.
74
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what are benefits of DBM?
osteoinductive (induces production of new bone via BMPs) and osteoconductive (scaffolding), easy to place, affordable, no need to harvest/complications with autograft
75
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what radiographic changes were being noted at 6 months?
appearance of PDL suggestive of new growth PDL, dentoalveolar ankylosis only occurred in a portion of 1 tooth root.
76
According to "Guided Tissue regeneration in four teeth using a liquid polymer membrane: a case series," by Alterman and Huff, what percentage of alveolar bone must be lost to be visible on radiographs?
60% (according to Verstreate)
77
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what is the reported clinical loss of crown and/or tooth failure rate for full veneer crowns in dogs? humans?
20%; 1% over 3.6y
78
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what dimensions are key for optimizing retention of prosthetic crowns?
convergence angle (CA, angle btw 2 opposing axial walls), crown height, crown diameter (H/D)
79
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what is the ideal morphology for crown retention?
columnar shape with near parallel axial walls (SMALL CA) and large height to diameter ratio (big H/D)
80
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what is the ideal CA?
<12 deg (SMALL)
81
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what are some obstacles in achieving small CA and large H/D ratio?
vet med dog teeth are often already fractured, loss of height making smaller H/D; making a columnar shape from something conical is almost impossible, leads to an unfavorable CA (avg 35deg), trying to achieve CA of <12deg leads to removal of too much tooth structure, and steep margin on distal aspect of canines
82
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what are benefits of axial grooves?
slots in prosthetic crown engages underlying tooth, provides increased surface area for cement bonding (improving dislodgment resistance)
83
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what was the brief study design?
2 groups of 15 teeth made of ivorine, group A had traditional CR/P, B had axial grooves labial and palatal walls, teeth had induced ht reduction to 4mm, diameter of 10mm, and CA of 35deg (unfavorable); each group had a chrome-cobalt alloys made and cemented with RMGI cement to each dye, point at angle of 45deg to long axis with distal-mesial force applied and force needed to dislodge recorded
84
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, was there a statistical difference between groups for dislodgment?
Yes! took avg of 156N to dislodge CR/P and 901N to dislodge CR/P with axial grooves (6 fold increase in force needed to dislodge crown w axial grooves)
85
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, how is CA calculated? what is the H/D in the study? What is the CAlim of the model tooth? What was crown prep CA in study?
CAlim=arcsin(H/D): limit at which any measured CA above CAlim does not have resistance form and any measured CA below the Claim does have resistance form. 4/10; 22deg; 35deg
86
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in canine teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what was the benefit to using RMGI cement?
allow for repeated crown dislodgment and cement removal from die (only 1 die used), has a lower tensile and flexural strength compared to resin-based cements, RMGI has weaker bond strength and higher failure compared to resin cement. we use Relyx unicem self-etching/bonding resin cement (greater tensile and flexural strength).
87
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what do they quote as possible reported failure of full metal crowns on maxillary fourth premolars?
20% in one study with small sample size (5)
88
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what is the ideal morphology for crown retention?
columnar shape with near parallel opposing axial walls with CA <12deg and large H/D
89
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what is the natural CA of the maxillary fourth premolar tooth?
42.9deg; making ideal CA of 12deg almost impossible w/o disrupting entire integrity of the tooth
90
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what were the poor retention dimensions created in group A/B?
CA of 43deg, H5mm, D 7.5mm, H/D 0.66
91
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, where were the axial grooves placed?
1mm depth mesial and distal aspect
92
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what were some of the reasons crowns were discarded from different groups?
6 lost from group A, 2 were outliers, 4 points dislodged prior to crown dislodgment; 4 from group B: 2 didn't seat properly during cementation, 2 were outliers....
93
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what was the average forces required to dislodge from group A and B?
Group A (no grooves): 1618.43N; Group B (grooves): 2437.19N; 1.5x greater force for dislodgment with axial grooves
94
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what was hypothesized as why the lack of axial grooves still required more force for dislodgment than canine teeth?
maxillary fourth premolar may have natural retention features not accounted for within the CAlim formula. Mean load required for dislodgment was higher than reported maximal bite forces in awake dogs. Maxillary fourth premolars sustain 2.4 times greater force than canine teeth on a good day.
95
According to "The influence of axial grooves on dislodgment resistance of prosthetic metal crowns in maxillary fourth premolar teeth of dogs" by Goldschmidt, Soukup et al, what type of cement was used? Why? What do we typically use?
RMGI RelyX luting plus automix (resin modified glass ionomer cement) less flexural and tensile strength, easier to use same die multiple times for testing and removal crown and residual cement each time; we use Relyx unicem which is a resin based cement with better flexural and tensile strength, it also is self etching and bonding.
96
According to "Common Carotid Artery ligation to minimize blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery" by Goodman and Goodman, what was the step-by-step about?
Placement of temporary or permanent common carotid ligation for maxillofacial surgery
97
According to "Common Carotid Artery ligation to minimize blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery" by Goodman and Goodman, describe the anatomy associated with the common carotid.
Aortic arch--> brachiocephalic trunk--> L/R common carotid a-->carotid sheath (w vagosympathetic n. and internal jugular v)--> external and internal carotid a.. External carotid supplies primary blood supply to head.
98
According to "Common Carotid Artery ligation to minimize blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery" by Goodman and Goodman, is this an appropriate procedure for all small animals? When is it not? Can it be unilateral and bilateral?
Good for most dogs. Not always great for cats or anemic patients. Dogs have extensive collateral circulation from vertebral a. making bilateral ligation an option unlike cats. Can use unilateral with caution in cats (lack collateral blood supply).
99
According to "Common Carotid Artery ligation to minimize blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery" by Goodman and Goodman, what are some complications of this procedure?
cerebral ischemia, retinal hemorrhage, hematoma (not mentioned, but damage to vagosympathetic n and recurrent laryngeal n.)
100
According to "Common Carotid Artery ligation to minimize blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery" by Goodman and Goodman, what are some surgeries temporary ligation might be useful?
maxillectomy, mandibulectomy, glossectomy, nasal and nasopharyngeal surgery, invasive oral and maxillofacial surgery
101
According to "Common Carotid Artery ligation to minimize blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery" by Goodman and Goodman, what are the landmarks for this procedure and what muscles must be dissected?
manubrium to larynx: 5-8cm incision 3cm caudal to larynx, separate sternocephalicus m. bilaterally, dissect sternohyoiedeus m. bilaterally. Right side easier (no esophagus tightly adhered), start laterally avoiding vagosymphathetic trunk and separate out common carotid a.
102
According to "Common Carotid Artery ligation to minimize blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery" by Goodman and Goodman, how is a temporary ligation performed?
with stents created from 8 or 10fr red rubber through the lateral aspect of the neck and suture run around the common carotid through the red rubber which allows tightening of the a. from the outside. Can be simply removed following surgery. Permanent ligation requires suture placement with 0 PDO around a.
103
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what are indications for advanced reconstruction efforts?
persistent pain, impaired function, mandibular drift resulting in soft tissue trauma from teeth.
104
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what are treatment options for/prevention of mandibular drift?
elastic power chain stabilization, miniplates to bridge fracture, miniplates or reconstruction plates w BMPs, autogenous bone grafting with manipulate stabilization, mgmt of abnormal tooth-to-tooth contact with morphological alteration/endo therapy/extraction
105
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what is the gold standard to stimulate bone healing?
autogenous cancellous bone graft: osteogenic, osteoinductive, osteoconductive, no structural integrity to help with load sharing, lack of host reactivity at recipient site, maintain BMP for bone healing. Cortical bone or implant helps with load sharing.
106
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what is the downside to cortical autografts? What properties do allografts possess?
downside: donor site morbidity, may not match recipient site size constraints, time. Allografts are osteoconductive and osteoinductive.
107
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what is the goal of spanning a defect with graft material?
achieve osseointegration, return of mandibular stability, and achieve pain-free function
108
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, why was the implant removed? when was it removed?
Implant at 5 mo recheck was causing sublingual swelling/irritation from cortical screws. Staged implant removal at 5mo (removal of 3 mesial screws from ventral plate and 1 mesial screw from dorsolateral plate). Remaining implants removed at 6 months including finishing staged RCT. Staged implant removal allowed for continued healing and load bearing of the mandibular bone before all additional structural support was removed.
109
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what did radiographs reveal at recheck appointments?
over 1 year follow up recheck radiographs revealed continued cortical bone remodeling, integration of graft, complete osseointegration of graft, and remodeling of previous screw holes. No evidence of peri-implantitis, or nonunion fx.
110
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what is creeping substitution?
slow incorporation and replacement of cortical allograft by autogenous bone.
111
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what is Champy's concept for maxillofacial repair?
use miniplates and screws and placing hardware along buttresses (lines of osteosynthesis) for stabilization. 1970s concept developed tinplates and mono cortical screws
112
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what is a benefit to reconstruction plates over miniplates?
increased strength and stability
113
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what are benefits to dorsally positioned plate over ventrally positioned plate? Why both?
dorsally positioned plate has more stability to counteract cantilever bending forces of mandible and closer to tension surface of bone (dorsal/occlusal surface), limited application due to neuromuscular structures, tooth roots, and size of implants. With a large gap: healing time is protracted and a second plate on ventral cortex was added to assist in load sharing.
114
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, what is the difference between a miniplate and microplate? What is the advantage to a locking plate?
miniplates accepts screws no larger than 2.4mm diameter, microplates are thinner and accept 1.0mm and smaller screws. Some minplates take locking and nonblocking screws. Locking plates/screws increase implant stiffness with fixed angle construct and lack requirement for accurate plate contouring to match the bone surface.
115
According to "Successful Tx of mandibular nonunion with cortical allograft, cancellous autograft, and locking titanium miniplates in a dog" by Snyder, Bleedorn, and Soukup, why was a miniplate (locking) acceptable and a reconstruction plate not needed in this case? what is tension and compression surface of mandible?
patient was small breed with short mandibular height, defect was bridged with cortical strut allograft, therefore 2 locking miniplates were sufficient for stability. Allowed for placement closer to tension surface (alveolar surface) and compression (ventral surface)
116
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, what was the presenting complaint?
mesioverted 104, 204, linguoverted 304, 404 with all canines only 75% erupted. Diastema btwn 103/104 and 203/204 was too small to accommodate 304/404.
117
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, what was the goal of treatment? What option did the owner choose?
correcting and establishing comfortable, functional occlusion. Owner was warned of hereditary concerns. Options: CR/XP, VPT 304, 404, orthodontic mvmt 104, 204, 304, 404, surgical extraction 304, 404. Owner elected combined orthodontics of elastic power chain 104, 204 and inclined plane of 304, 404
118
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, what were some benefits to composite incline plane?
cheaper than other options, designed for specific movement and used in conjunction with power chain, can avoid involving 103, 203 to allow for continued growth of jaws and enlarging of diastema, full eruption of canines not required, dog controls forces as it is intermittent passive force.
119
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, where were the composite buttons placed?
anchorage unit: 208/209 apical 1/3 of mesial cusp; middle 1/3 of buccal of 204
120
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, how was the elastic power chain placed? what type of forces are applied?
between 204 and 208 at no tension, then reduced under tension to 75% of its original length; light to moderate tipping force to prevent PDL necrosis and undermining resorption
121
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, what angle was the incline plane placed? what type of forces?
60deg; light intermittent tipping forces of 304, 404
122
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, how long did orthodontic moment take?
Dog was only 6 mo. Took only 2 weeks to achieve normal occlusion. At 1 week button had to be replaced.
123
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, what were signs of failure looked for on the radiographs?
lack of root development and dentinal wall thickening, anchorage teeth continuing to develop normally, no evidence of fractional crystal bone widening-- none present in these teeth. if present, they would have been indicative of extrusion and/or tipping of anchorage teeth.
124
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, describe the retainer period
normally would be 4-6 weeks with masel chain under no tension, however, natural dental interlock of canines provides its own natural retainer, so device was removed
125
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, what are alternative therapies mentioned but that were not well suited for this case?
Gingivoplasty +/- alveoloplasty; ext of 103, 203; kong ball therapy. Fly ball dog, and degree of linguoversion with small diastema made none of these a good option
126
According to "Management of mesioverted maxillary canine teeth and linguoverted mandibular canine teeth" by Karkowski Volker and Luskin, placement of the mid 1/3 of 204/104 provided what?
more translational movement and less tipping given small degree of mesioversion.
127
According to JVD Fall 2016, Common Carotid Artery Ligation to Minimize Blood Loss During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Why is the common carotid chosen to ligate or occlude temporarily?
Easier to locate in the ventral neck
128
According to JVD Fall 2016, Common Carotid Artery Ligation to Minimize Blood Loss During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
What other major structures run in this location?
Vagosympathetic trunk, internal jugular vein, recurrent laryngeal nerve
Vagosympathetic trunk, internal jugular vein, recurrent laryngeal nerve
129
According to JVD Fall 2016, Common Carotid Artery Ligation to Minimize Blood Loss During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Which artery is considered to be the main blood supply to each half of the head and neck?
External carotid artery
130
According to JVD Fall 2016, Common Carotid Artery Ligation to Minimize Blood Loss During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Why can both carotid arteries be safely ligated in the dog?
Abundant collateral circulation from the vertebral artery
Caution in anemic patients, and use with discretion unilaterally only in cats
131
According to JVD Fall 2016, Common Carotid Artery Ligation to Minimize Blood Loss During Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
What are the adverse effects of this procedure?
adverse consequences of common carotid artery ligation include cerebral ischemia, retinal damage, and hematoma formation
132
According to JVD fall 2016, The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Canine Teeth of Dogs,
What is the reported ‘ideal’ convergence angle, and what does convergence angle refer to?
<12 degrees, and angle created by extending the line of each prep coronally to the theoretical point where they meet
133
According to JVD fall 2016, The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Canine Teeth of Dogs,
What benefits do axial grooves provide for retention of crowns?
More surface area for cement to bond to on the tooth, provide slots in which the crown can mechanically engage and enhance retention
134
According to JVD fall 2016, The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Canine Teeth of Dogs,
What are the main features that lead to a non-retentive form?
Low H/D ratio, high convergence angle
135
According to JVD fall 2016, The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Canine Teeth of Dogs,
Why did the authors postulate that there was a large range in force application required to dislodge the crowns?
This variability may be due to minor differences in the casting of the crowns, human error during testing, or due to the differences in the length of the force application points on the individual cast crowns (longer moment arm increases torque on failure point at the same level of load)
136
According to JVD fall 2016, The Influence of Axial Grooves on Dislodgment Resistance of Prosthetic Metal Crowns in Canine Teeth of Dogs,
What were the author’s conclusions?
It can be concluded that canine teeth with otherwise poor retention features (low H/D, high CA) should be prepared with axial grooves in the labial and palatal/lingual walls to increase crown retention.
137
According to JVD fall 2016, Successful Treatment of Mandibular Nonunion With Cortical Allograft, Cancellous Autograft, and Locking Titanium Miniplates in a Dog,
What is the gold standard for bone grafting to achieve healing?
Autogenous cancellous bone graft
138
According to JVD fall 2016, Successful Treatment of Mandibular Nonunion With Cortical Allograft, Cancellous Autograft, and Locking Titanium Miniplates in a Dog,
What are consequences of not treating the segmental defect?
Mandibular drift, TMJ arthritis, tooth on tooth contact and attrition, palatal trauma
139
According to JVD Fall 2016, Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth,
In this article what were the combined procedures used to treat all of the malocclusions?
Distal tipping of 104/204 by elastic chain appliance, followed by incline plane for buccal/labial movement of 304/404, applied in the same procedure
140
According to JVD Fall 2016, Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth
At what level on the P4/M1 and on the canine tooth was the appliance applied to and why?
Apical 1/3 on the anchorage unit (P4/M1) and middle third on the canine. Done to increase leverage for distal tipping if the canine.
141
According to JVD Fall 2016, Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth,
The chain was applied at 75% of it’s original length. This is aimed to provide light force. What type of resorption will this stimulate, and what type will it avoid?
Stimulate frontal resorption, avoid PDL necrosis and undermining resorption.
142
According to JVD Fall 2016, Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth,
What angle was used for the intraoral composite splint?
60 degrees
143
According to JVD Fall 2016, Management of Mesioverted Maxillary Canine Teeth and Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth,
Why was the incline plane applied only to 104/204 without attaching to the incisors?
So it wouldn’t anchor the canines, and would allow their movement.
144
According "Gingival FSA in a horse: case report" by Herbal and Dixon, oral tumors are extremely rare in equids with soft tissue tumors being more common. What is the most common tumor type in the horse? The most common oral soft tissue tumor?
Sarcoids; SCC
145
According "Gingival FSA in a horse: case report" by Herbal and Dixon,what is the overall prevalence of oral tumors in horses. What tumor types were noted?
1.8% in 400 horses; same study contained ameloblastoma, osteomalacia, osteosarcoma
146
According "Gingival FSA in a horse: case report" by Herbal and Dixon, the horse received 2 surgical resections and multiple rounds of cisplatin intralesional injections. What finally cured the tumor?
Likely second surgical excision +/- some assistance from the intralesional chemo
147
According "Gingival FSA in a horse: case report" by Herbal and Dixon, what makes the recurrence rate for FSA so high? What is typically the treatment of choice? Have mets been reported? Where?
non encapsulated with poorly defined borders and tendrils; surgical resection is tx of choice with wide margins; mets have been reported; lung and liver
148
According "Gingival FSA in a horse: case report" by Herbal and Dixon, why was an extra oral approach (given the difficulty of an intraoral approach) not recommended?
High risk of damaging the dorsal buccal branch of the facial nerve leaving an obligate nasal breather unable to dilate its nostrils :(
149
According "Gingival FSA in a horse: case report" by Herbal and Dixon, bonus fun fact: what tumor type can intralesional bleomycin be used for?
CAA
150
According to "Segmental mandibulectomy in the dog" by Ritchie, what is the most common complication of a segmental mandibulectomy? What are options for treatment?
Mandibular drift; orthodontics (masel chain), crown extensions of contralateral mandibular canine; if these fail or owners do not wish to pursue tx can perform CR/XP and VPT
151
According to "Segmental mandibulectomy in the dog" by Ritchie, what vessels are ligated and where?
Rostral inferior alveolar, caudal inferior alveolar, and mental
152
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what have historically been published as the most common teeth associated with pathologic cystic lesions?
mandibular first premolar, mandibular canine and maxillary canine
153
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, in humans what is the published most common type of cyst and neoplasm associated with unerupted teeth?
dentigerous cyst; ameloblastoma
154
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what is pathologic changes of cysts associated with on radiographs? Can the same concept be extrapolated for dogs?
large pericoronal radiolucencies associated with dental follicle >2.5mm are associated with pathologic changes. No such prognostic indicator can be used in vet med given the diff sizes and breeds of our patients.
155
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what is the concept behind these large cysts not typically being painful? what does the growing cyst cause?
avascular necrosis of the bone is allegedly non-painful, despite its expansile compressive nature (in human med reported to be chronic dull pain). Cysts cause bone destruction, damage to adjacent teeth and potential for pathologic fractures
156
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what are differentials for hypodontia?
congenitally missing; previously lost/extracted, unerupted
157
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what criterion were used to determine radiographic pathology in this study?
Must have minimum of 2 of the following findings associated with unerupted teeth: circular coronal radiolucency 3x width of normal canine tooth PDL space; coronal radiolucency extending apically past CEJ; presence of radiolucent area with thin sclerotic rim of bone (cortication); expansion of bone; root resorption of adjacent teeth or loss of lamina dura of adjacent tooth root.
158
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what does the term cortication refer to?
radiolucent area with a thin sclerotic rim of bone
159
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what percent of unerupted teeth were associated with a cystic lesion? Is this consistent with previous studies?
29.1%; Yes!
160
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what percent of unerupted teeth were mandibular first premolars? How many of those had evidence of a cystic lesion?
68.5%; 29.4%
161
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, only 45.1% of the cystic structures were submitted for histopathology. What percent were consistent with a dentigerous cyst? Is this consistent with previously reported studies?
71.4%; Yes!
162
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what were some of the other histpathologic cystic diagnoses?
ameloblastic odontoma, nondiagnostic, oronasal cyst, invasive squamous papilloma, cystic POF, unspecified odontogenic cyst
163
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what breeds were overrepresented with unerupted teeth and radiographic cysts?
4 breeds: Boxer>pug>Shih tzu>Boxton terrier; 61.3% of all dogs one of those breeds; 85% of cases with histopathologic diagnosis of dentigerous cyst were found within these 4 breeds
164
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what is the general concept of dental eruption?
Not well understood; dental follicle initiates eruption; many processes must occur simultaneously and interact for normal eruption to occur
165
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what is the dental follicle? where does the cystic lining come from?
condensed ectomesenchyme made up of fibrous CT with REE, epithelial rests, mixed tissue, and calcification. Odontogenic REE is attached to CEJ and covers crown of unerupted tooth. REE serves as protective layer for tooth and normal lost from erupted tooth during mastication. REE composed of inner layer of ameloblasts that become more squamous during eruption, when eruption fails, these cells make up squamous epithelial lining in dentigerous cysts.
166
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what are some origins of oral cysts?
tooth germ, enamel epithelium of tooth crown, epithelial cell rests of malaise, dental lamina remnants, basal layer of oral epithelium.
167
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, what percentage of odontogenic cysts are dangerous cysts? is this similar to other studies?
71%; YES!
168
According to "Incidence of radiographic cystic lesions associated with unerupted teeth in dogs" by Babbitt, Volker, Luskin, why are brachycephalic over represented?
higher rate of unerupted teeth due to malocclusion/smush face, not necessarily increased cysts.
169
According to JVD winter 2016, Dental implants and incisor bridge placement in a dog,
Are there differences in success rates in humans for delayed versus immediate implant placements?
No
170
According to JVD winter 2016, Dental implants and incisor bridge placement in a dog,
What are the conditions that should be met for immediate implant placement?
Implants are placed by experienced operators, not placed where acute infection may exist at the extraction site or where there is active periodontitis affecting the tooth to be extracted and replaced by an implant/crown.
171
According to JVD winter 2016, Dental implants and incisor bridge placement in a dog,
What are the risk factors for peri-implantitis?
Risk factors include improper treatment planning, poor surgical and prosthetic execution, and improper maintenance
172
According to JVD winter 2016, Dental implants and incisor bridge placement in a dog,
A demineralized freeze dried particulate bone allograft was used. Which of the following terms describes this graft and why?
Osteoconductive
Osteogenic
Osteoinductive
Osteoconductive and osteoinductive.
Demineralizing exposes the BMP's to make it osteoinductive
173
According to JVD winter 2016, Dental implants and incisor bridge placement in a dog,
When placing implants immediately you must achieve what level of insertion torque to be considered satisfactory for initial stability?
>30Ncm
174
According to JVD Winter 2016, Extensive Maxillary Odontomas in 2 Dogs: Diagnosis, Pathology and Management,
How are odontomas classified?
Bqenign neoplasms of mixed odontogenic epithelium and odontogenic ectomesenchyme that include dental hard tissue formation
175
According to JVD Winter 2016, Extensive Maxillary Odontomas in 2 Dogs: Diagnosis, Pathology and Management,
What are the three components of the tooth germ?
The enamel organ, the dental papilla and the dental follicle
176
According to JVD Winter 2016, Extensive Maxillary Odontomas in 2 Dogs: Diagnosis, Pathology and Management,
What are the stages of tooth development called?
Bud, Cap, Bell.
177
According to JVD Winter 2016, Extensive Maxillary Odontomas in 2 Dogs: Diagnosis, Pathology and Management,
During which phase does the tooth assume it’s shape?
Bell
178
According to JVD Winter 2016, Extensive Maxillary Odontomas in 2 Dogs: Diagnosis, Pathology and Management,
What are the theories of tooth eruption? (4)
Root Growth
Pulpal Growth
Bone disposition in alveolar crypt
Periodontal ligament force
179
According to JVD Winter 2016, Extensive Maxillary Odontomas in 2 Dogs: Diagnosis, Pathology and Management,
What is the prognosis for odontoma treated surgically?
Excellent.
