JULIAN ROTTER AND WALTER MISCHEL: COGNITIVE SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY Flashcards
cognitive factors help shape how people will react to environmental forces.
Learning Theory
prime determinants of performance
one’s expectations of future events
keys to predicting behavior
cognition
past histories
expectations of the future
cognitive factors
expectancies subjective perceptions values goals personal standards
Rotter’s Social Learning Theory rests on five basic hypotheses:
human interact with their meaningful environments
human personality is learned
personality has a basic unity
motivation is goal-directed
people are capable of anticipating events
people’s reaction to environmental stimuli depends on the meaning or importance that they attach to an event
humans interact with their meaningful environments
personality can be changed or modified as long as people are capable of learning
human personality is learned
personalities possess relative stability
personality has a basic unity
human behavior lies in people’s expectations that their behaviors are advancing them toward goals.
motivation is goal-directed
define reinforcement as any action, condition, or event which affects the individual’s movement toward a goal
Empirical Law of Effect
in specific situations, behavior is estimated by the
Basic Prediction Formula
basic prediction formula suggests that the potential for a given behavior to occur is a function of the person’s _____ plus the _____
Expectancy
Reinforcement Value
general prediction formula states that need potential is a function of _____ and _____
Freedom of Movement
Need Value
refer to the likelihood that a given behavior will occur in a particular situation
Behavior Potential
person’s expectation of being reinforced
Expectancy
person’s preference for a particular reinforcement
Reinforcement Value
complex pattern of cues that a person perceives during a specific time period
Psychological Situation
set of expectation that can happen after one can make a choice
Generalized Expectancies
any behavior or set of behaviors that people see as moving them in the direction of a goal
Needs
six broad categories of needs:
Recognition-Status Dominance Independence Protection-Dependency Love and Affection Physical Comfort
a need complex has three essential componenets
Need Potential
Freedom of Movement
Need Value
set of behaviors toward a certain goal
Need Potential
expectations that if a person performs a set of behaviors it will be reinforced
Freedom of Movement
how important it is for a person to achieve a goal or need
Need Value
holds that behavior stems from relatively stable personal dispositions and cognitive affective processor interacting with a particular situation
Cognitive-Affective Personality Theory
consistently inconsistent
Consistency Paradox
the situation has a powerful effect on behavior
Person-Situation Interaction
personal factors that can affect behavior
Cognitive-Affective Units
cognitivie-affective units include people’s:
Encoding Strategies Competencies and Self-regulatory Plans Expectancies and Beliefs Goals and Values Affective Responses
their way of construing and categorizing information
Encoding Strategies
what they can do and their strategies for doing it
Competencies and Self-regulatory Plans
perceived consequences of their actions
Expectancies and Beliefs
created by Walter Mischel and Yuichi Shoda
Cognitive-Affective Personality System
accounts for variability across situations as well as stability of behavior within a person
Cognitive-Affective Personality System
people’s belief that they can or cannot control their lives
Locus of Control
the word of another is reliable
Interpersonal Trust
actions that fail to move a person closer to a desired goal
Maladaptive Behavior
