ALBERT BANDURA: SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY Flashcards
the outstanding characteristic of humans is
Plasticity
humans have flexibility to learn a variety of behaviors in diverse situations.
Plasticity
learning by observing others
Vicarious Learning
includes behavioral, environment, and personal factors
Triadic Reciprocal Causation Model
two important environmental forces in the triadic model
Chance Encounters
Fortuitous Events
humans have the capacity to exercise control over the nature and quality of their lives
Agentic Perspective
people are able to rely on others for goods and services
Proxy Agency
an important component of the triadic reciprocal causation model is
Self-Efficacy
the people’s shared beliefs that they can bring about change.
Collective Efficacy
includes redefining the behavior, disregarding or distorting the consequences of their behavior, dehumanizing or blaming the victims of their behavior, and displacing or diffusing responsibility for their actions
Moral Agency
2 kinds of learning
Observational
Enactive
the core of observational learning
Modeling
involves adding and subtracting from the observed behavior and generalizing from one observation to another
Modeling
four processes that govern observational learning
Attention
Representation
Behavioral Production
Motivation
attend to the model, paying attention to his/her actions
Attention
memorizing the details about the action
Representation
producing the action
Behavioral Production
motivating yourself
Motivation
direct experience by thinking about and evaluating the consequences of their behaviors.
Enactive Learning
human action is a result of an interaction among three variables - environment, behavior, and person (memory, anticipation, planning, and judging)
Triadic Reciprocal Causation
is usually the strongest contributor to performance
Cognition
an unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other
Chance Encounters
an environmental experience that is unexpected and unintended.
Fortuitous Events
humans have the capacity to exercise control over their own lives
Agentic Perspective
the essence of humanness
Human Agency
Bandura believes that people are self-regulating, proactive, self-reflective, and self-organizing, and that they have the power to influence their own actions to produce desired consequences.
Human Agency
an autonomous agent - making decisions that are consistent with their view of self.
Human Agency
high confidence in one’s own actions
Self-Efficacy
people’s belief in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functions and over environmental events.
Self-Efficacy
What Contributes to Self-Efficacy?
Mastery Experiences
Social Modeling
Social Persuasion
Physical and Emotional States
internal factor that increases self-efficacy. priori achievements demonstrate our capabilities and strengthen our feelings of self-efficacy.
Mastery Experiences
seeing other people perform successfully - strengthen self-efficacy particularly if the people we observe are similar to us in their abilities.
Social Modeling
“if they can do it, so can I”
Social Modeling
involves simply reminding people that they have the ability to achieve whatever they want to achieve, can enhance self-efficacy
Social Persuasion
the more fear, anxiety, or tension we experience in a given situation, the less we feel able to cope.
Physical and Emotional States
they reactively attempt to reduce the discrepancies between their accomplishments and their goal; but after they close those discrepancies, they proactively set newer and higher goals for themselves.
Self-Regulation
internal factors in self-regulation
Self-Observation
Judgmental Processes
Self-Reaction
judging the worth of our actions on the basis of goals we have set for ourselves; cognitive mediation; the process depends on personal standards, referential performances, valuation of activity, and performance attribution.
Judgmental Processes
depends on our personal standards; either we reward or punish ourselves.
Self-Reaction
self-regulatory influences are not automatic but operate only if they are activated
Selective Activation
by justifying the morality of their actions, they can separate or disengage themselves from the consequences of their behavior.
Disengagement of Internal Control
overt
Vicarious Modeling
covert
Cognitive Modeling
the ultimate goal of social cognitive therapy is
Self-Regulation
