INTRODUCTION TO PERSONALITY

Question 1

derived from the Latin word “persona”

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

“persona” means

Answer 2

Theatrical Mask

Question 3

a pattern of relatively permanent traits and characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior.

Answer 3

Personality

Question 4

contribute to the individual differences in behavior, consistency of behavior over time, and stability of behavior across situations.

Answer 4

Traits

Question 5

are the unique qualities of an individual that may include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence.

Answer 5

Characteristics

Question 6

is a set of related assumptions that allows the scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypothesis.

Answer 6

Theory

Question 7

love of wisdom

Answer 7

Philosophy

Question 8

Philosophers pursue wisdom through?

Answer 8

Thinking and Reasoning

Question 9

nature of knowledge

Answer 9

Epistemology

Question 10

much more than a mere armchair speculation

Answer 10

Speculation

Question 11

educated guess or prediction enough to be tested through scientific method

Answer 11

Hypothesis

Question 12

classification of things according to their natural relationship.

Answer 12

Taxonomy

Question 13

focused on the importance of early childhood experiences that shape personality development.

Answer 13

Psychodynamic Theories

Question 14

believes that people strive toward meaning, growth, well-being, happiness, and psychological health.

Answer 14

Humanistic-Existential Theories

Question 15

argues that our unique and long-term tendencies to behave in particular ways are the essence of our personality.

Answer 15

Dispositional Theories

Question 16

nature vs. nurture

Answer 16

Biological-Evolutionary

Question 17

all behavior are learned through associations and/or its consequences.

Answer 17

Learning-Cognitive (Social) Theory

Question 18

What makes a theory useful?

Answer 18

Generates Research
Is Falsifiable
Organizes Data
Guides Action
Is Internally Consistent, and 
Is Parsimonious

Question 19

a useful theory will generate two kinds of research

Answer 19

Descriptive Research and Hypothesis Testing

Question 20

concerned with measurement, labelling, and categorization of units employed in theory-building.

Answer 20

Descriptive Research

Question 21

leads to an indirect verification of the usefulness of a theory.

Answer 21

Hypothesis Testing

Question 22

a useful theory can be confirmed and disconfirmed.

Answer 22

Is Falsifiable

Question 23

a useful theory organizes research data.

Answer 23

Organizes Data

Question 24

a useful theory guides the practitioner over the rough course of day-to-day problems.

Answer 24

Guides Action

Question 25

a useful theory has logical flow and uses language in a consistent manner.

Answer 25

Is Internally Consistent

Question 26

simpler one is preferred

Answer 26

Is Parsimonious

Question 27

do our behavior can be determined by uncontrollable forces or are we the masters of our fate?

Answer 27

Determinism vs. Free Choice

Question 28

are we basically bad, evil, and merciless or are we basically good, kind, and compassionate?

Answer 28

Pessimism vs. Optimism

Question 29

do we act based on what happened in the past or due to certain expectations that we have in the future?

Answer 29

Causality vs. Teleology

Question 30

are we aware of our own actions or are we controlled by unconscious forces?

Answer 30

Conscious vs. Unconscious

Question 31

do the things that we inherit define our personality or are we shape more strongly by external factors?

Answer 31

Biological vs. Social Influences

Question 32

are we determined by our salient features or by our common characteristics?

Answer 32

Uniqueness vs. Similarities

Question 33

intensive study of small number of subjects

Answer 33

Idiographic Research

Question 34

comparing and analyzing statistical differences among large sample of subjects

Answer 34

Nomothetic Research

Question 35

this contends that our personality continues to develop throughout the course of our lives.

Answer 35

Life-Span Approach

Question 36

this argues that much of our personality is inherited.

Answer 36

Trait Approach

Question 37

this emphasizes the fulfillment of our potential.

Answer 37

Humanistic Approach