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RE > Judaism Practices Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Judaism Practices Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

10.1 What is the minyan?

A

A group of at least 10 adults required for a Jewish religious service (only men in Orthodox, men/women in Reform)

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2
Q

10.1 What is a synagogue?

A

House of prayer, worship and study (called ‘shul’ meaning ‘school’ by Orthodox, ‘temple’ like one in Jerusalem by Reform)

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3
Q

10.1 What are some importances of the synagogue?

A

Centre of Jewish community and celebrations, provide classes for learning Hebrew, prayer/study/education

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4
Q

10.2 What is the prayer hall?

A

3 sides facing inwards to the bimah, 4th side is the ark (Aron Hakodesh)

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5
Q

10.2 What is the ner Tamid?

A

Eternal light kept burning above the Ark, symbolises god’s presence and reminder of the menorah that was lit every night in the Temple of Jerusalem

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6
Q

10.2 What is the Aron Hakodesh?

A

The Ark where the Torah scrolls are kept, Jews believe original ark was created to hold the Ten Commandments, Ark faces Jerusalem and is only opened during special prayers

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7
Q

10.2 What is the bimah?

A

The platform where the Torah is read from in the centre of the synagogue

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8
Q

10.3 Who are Orthodox Jews and what do they believe?

A

They emphasise the importance of following laws and guidance from the Torah, believe it was given directly by God so should be closely followed, believe men and women have different roles/responsibilities, men wear a kippah as a sign of respect

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9
Q

10.3 Who are Reform Jews and what do they believe?

A

They believe laws can be adapted or modern times and can be interpreted according to the times, believe in equality for men and women, do not hold daily services, women have a more active role

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10
Q

10.3 What is public worship like for Jews?

A

They pray 3 times a day often in the synagogue, service held by a rabbi or chazzah (cantor)

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11
Q

10.4 What is the tallit and its importance?

A

Prayer shawl, worn by Orthodox men/Reform men and women, has long tassels called tzitzit and is a reminder of God’s words

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12
Q

10.4 What is the tefillin and its importance?

A

Small leather boxes containing extracts from Torah (strapped to arm and forehead), has words of Shema and is a reminder that concentration should be on God

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13
Q

10.4 What is the Shema?

A

“Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one.” - is a statement of belief, blessings are said before and after

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14
Q

10.4 What is the Amidah prayer?

A

Also called ‘18 blessings’ (there are 19 blessings), is prayed facing Jerusalem and consists of blessings:
- 3 praising God/asking for mercy
- 13 prayers of petition (6 personal requests and 6 for community)
- 3 thanking God for opportunity to serve him
Then closing Aleinu recited after each service to give thanks to God

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15
Q

10.4 What is the importance of prayer for Jews?

A

To communicate with God, focus on heart/mind/soul, reinforces faith, strengthens sense of community

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16
Q

10.5 What is Shabbat?

A

Jewish holy day of the week, day of spiritual renewal, gift from God of rest and renewal, no work is done, relax/enjoy family life

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17
Q

10.5 What is the Shabbat service like?

A

Brief service on Friday, Shabbat is welcomed like a bride coming to meet her husband, Kiddush blessing is said over a cup of wine thanking God for giving Shabbat to Jews, Torah is read

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18
Q

10.5 What is the importance of the Torah?

A

Doors of ark opened/congregation stands - reminder of Jews standing at mt Sinai
Chant Numbers 10:35, Torah is dressed - reminder of vestments worn by priests in early Judaism
Torah is paraded around - represents march through wilderness
People touch it with tzitzit or siddur and touch lips - shows that God’s words are as sweet as honey
Sidra reading read from bimah, rabbi gives sermon and wishes ‘Shabbat Shalom’ meaning have a peaceful Shabbat

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19
Q

10.6 What are some Shabbat preparations?

A

House cleaned, food prepared, family washes/changes, table set with best cutlery, two candles represent commandments to remember and observe Shabbat, wine (from kiddush) and challah bread

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20
Q

10.6 Who lights the candles and what blessing is said at Shabbat?

A

Female member of the family (18 mins before sunset), “Blessed are you, Lord, our God, King of the Universe, who sanctifies us with his commandments, and commands us to light the candles of Shabbat.”

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21
Q

10.6 What happens at the Friday meal of Shabbat?

A

Parents bless children and recite Kiddush blessing, wash hands to purify, bread is eaten and stories from scripture said, meal ends with prayer of thanksgiving

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22
Q

10.6 What happens on the Saturday of Shabbat?

A

Family has another meal after service, children study Torah, end of Shabbat marked by Havdalah service once 3 stars are seen in the sky

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23
Q

10.7 What do Jews keep on their doorposts as a reminder of God’s laws?

A

A mezuzah (small box containing handwritten scrolls of Torah) which is touched to remember words of Shema

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24
Q

10.7 What is the Tenakh?

A

WRITTEN law, 24 books in OT, 3 parts:

  • Torah: 5 books of Moses form basis of laws
  • Nevi’im (prophets): 8 books tracing Jewish history/expanding on Torah
  • Ketuvim (writings): 11 books poetry/stories/advice
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25
Q

10.7 What is the Talmud?

A

Oral law, rules on how to interpret Torah passed down from generations, eventually formed Mishnah and Gemara (Jewish laws, legal teachings and decisions)

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26
Q

10.8 What is the importance of rituals in Jewish family life?

A

Faith is passed on, wider Jewish community celebrates with family, rites of passage (birth, coming of age, marriage, death)

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27
Q

10.8 What happens at the Naming ceremony?

A

Boys named at circumcision, girls name announced at synagogue (introduce her to community/God), are now blessed at their first Shabbat, father recites Torah blessing

28
Q

10.8 What happens at Brit Milah (circumcision ceremony)?

A

Circumcision is a sign of loyalty that baby will be brought up a Jew, takes place 8 days after birth, Elijah is present (guardian angel of children), baby is greeted with “Blessed is he who comes”, baby placed of chair for Elijah by Mohel, foreskin is snipped and father asks God to take care of boy, Mohel blesses wine (father drinks an drops sprinkles on baby’s tongue)

29
Q

10.9 What are Bar and Bat Mitzvahs?

A

Bar - celebration of boy coming of age (13), means ‘son of the commandment’
Bat - celebration of girl coming of age (12), only Reform, ‘daughter of the commandment’

30
Q

10.9 What happens at a Bar Mitzvah?

A

Ceremony on Sabbath, Torah taken out from ark, boys recite and men call ‘Mazel Tov!’, rabbi reminds of responsibilities, wears a tallit, yarmulkah (prayer cap) and tefillin

31
Q

10.9 What happens at a Bat Mitzvah?

A

Recites portion from Torah, psalm, Shema and 10 commandments, share a ceremony of Sabbath, rabbi blesses them/encourages them to live by the faith, don’t wear special clothes, shows responsibility/maturity

32
Q

10.10 What is the importance of marriage?

A

Marriage is spiritual bond: two souls fused to one “Hence a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, so they become one flesh.” Gen 2:24

33
Q

10.10 What happens at the wedding?

A

Held under canopy called chuppah (symbolises a house), couple fast to cleanse themselves, bride circles the groom and recites two blessings over wine, ring is placed on finger

34
Q

10.11 What is Kaddish?

A

Special prayer said by Jewish mourners that praise God and ask for peace

35
Q

10.11 What are some customs of Jewish mourning?

A

Family tries to stay with them so they don’t die alone, when they hear of a death they make a small tear in their clothes and say a blessing to God

36
Q

10.11 What happens during the 4 periods of mourning?

A

1st: close family grieve, don’t have to follow certain religious rules, meal of bread and eggs to symbolise new life
2nd: Shiva starts on day of burial, 7 days intense mourning, don’t cut hair shave makeup or work, mirrors covered not to focus on appearance, prayer services everyday with kaddish blessing
3rd: lesser mourning for 30 days, normal life resumes but no parties cut hair or shave, kaddish said daily in synagogue
4th: 11 months, no parties, mark anniversary with kaddish/torah

37
Q

10.11 What happens at the funeral?

A

Buried 24 hours after death, body washed & wrapped in linen, simple coffin (equality), service at cemetary with psalms and scripture, shovel earth over coffin, wash hands to leave death behind, no flowers but small stones to show people have visited grave

38
Q

10.12 What is kosher?

A

Food that Jews are allowed to eat

39
Q

10.12 What is trefah?

A

Food that Jews are forbidden to eat

40
Q

10.12 Why do Orthodox follow dietary laws strictly?

A

Believe laws come from God to test obedience and mark Jews as different from others, helps develop self-control and remind of faith

41
Q

10.12 Why do Reform follow dietary laws less strictly?

A

Believe they are outdated and should be up to the individual if they should follow them

42
Q

10.12 What must Kosher butchers ensure?

A

Animal killed with sharp knife by trained Jew, throat cut, animal must be conscious, blood drained, kidneys/intestines removed

43
Q

10.12 What are examples of kosher?

A

Cow, sheep, goat, deer, fish with scales and fins, some cheeses, fruit and veg

44
Q

10.12 What are examples of trefah?

A

Pork, camels, reptiles, seafood without fins and scales, some cheeses, insects

45
Q

10.12 How do Jewish Kitchens ensure some combinations of food aren’t eaten?

A

Might be separate sections (eg one for meat, one for dairy), utensils may be colour-coded, after eating meat you must wait a couple of hours to eat dairy, difficult to eat out, kosher is certified in supermarkets

46
Q

10.13 What is Rosh Hashanah?

A

Jewish new year, day of judgement where God decides what their fortune will be, can be influenced by charity work, all actions have consequences so people should take responsibilty

47
Q

10.13 How is Rosh Hashanah celebrated in Britain today?

A

Shofar is blown daily a month before, special prayers are said, candles are lit, kiddush blessing over wine at end of service, apples dipped in honey symbolise sweet new year, shofar blown 100 times

48
Q

10.13 What is Yom Kippur?

A

Day of Atonement and fasting, holiest and most important day, God seals the book of Judgement, last chance to repent sins, relationship with God is restored

49
Q

10.13 How is Yom Kippur celebrated in Britain today?

A

No work done, fast for 25 hours, no bathing or wearing leather shoes, wear white for purity, services in the synagogue, general confession of sins, ‘we’ not ‘i’ to express sorrow, door to ark is opened and all stand, last chance to make confession, door closed and judgement sealed, blow shofar end of fast

50
Q

10.14 What is pesach?

A

Angel of death passed over houses over Israelites (Exodus 12), crossed sea of Reeds and 40 years later entered Canaan

51
Q

10.14 How do Jews prepare for Pesach?

A

Eats unleavened bread for 7 days, remove leaven (chametz) from house, reminder that bread did not rise when leaving Egypt, clean home so no leaven is found

52
Q

10.14 What does the passover seder consist of?

A

Red wine - lambs blood on doorposts
Unleavened bread - fulfills God’s command, no time for bread to rise
Salt water - tears shed in slavery
Green Veg - new life in promised land
Bitter herbs - bitterness of slavery, dipped in sweet charoset (new life is now sweet in comparison)
Roasted egg and lamb bone - sacrifices in temple of Jerusalem

53
Q

10.14 How long does Pesach last?

A

7-8 days

54
Q

10.14 What happens during the Passover Seder?

A

Mother lights candles to welcome festival in home, before the meal the youngest child asks four questions which are answered as the Haggadah is read, 4 glasses of wine are blessed and shared to represent God’s 4 promises, 5th cup left for Elijah, ends with wish to celebrate in Jerusalem next year

55
Q

10.14 What are some importances of Pesach?

A

Celebrates freedom from slavery, promised land and being God’s chosen people, shows gratitude to god for their redemption, ensures faith and tradition is passed on

56
Q

10.2 What is a quote for the Ark being placed in the Tabernacle?

A

“He brought the ark inside the Tabernacle. Then he put up the curtain for screening, and screened off the ark of the Pact - just as the Lord had commanded Moses.” Exodus 40

57
Q

10.4 What is a quote for the tefflin?

A

“And this shall serve you as a sign on your hand and as a reminder on your forehead - in order that the Teaching of the Lord may be in your mouth - that with a mighty hand the Lord freed you from Egypt.” Exodus 13

58
Q

10.5 What is a quote for Shabbat?

A

“Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy.” Exodus 20

59
Q

10.8 What is the commandment in Genesis to have children?

A

“God blessed them and God said to them ‘Be fertile and increase, fill the earth and master it’” Genesis 1:28

60
Q

10.8 What is a quote for circumcision?

A

“You shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and that shall be the sign of the covenant between Me and you.” Genesis 17

61
Q

10.10 What is a quote for marriage?

A

“Hence a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, so that they become one flesh.” Genesis 2:24

62
Q

10.11 What is a quote for mourning?

A

“Jacob rent his clothes, put sackcloth on his loins, and observed mourning for his son many days.” Genesis 37

63
Q

10.12 What is a quote for dietary laws?

A

“But make sure that you do not partake of the blood; for the blood is the life, and you must not consume the life with the flesh.” Deuteronomy 12

64
Q

10.13 What is a quote for Yom Kippur?

A

“You shall practise self-denial; and you shall do no manner of work…” Leviticus 16

65
Q

10.14 What is a quote for Pesach?

A

“I am the Lord… I will take you to be my people, and I will be your God.” Exodus 6

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