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MSK > Joints of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Joints of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Sternocalvicular Joint Type

A
  1. synovial
  2. saddle (modified ball and socket)
    * only boney attachment of upper limb to axial skeleton
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2
Q

Sternocalvicular Joint articulating elements

A
  1. manubrium
  2. costal cartilage fo 1st rib
  3. sternal end of clavicle
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3
Q

Sternocalvicular Joint movements

A
  • circumduction of the clavicle
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4
Q

Sternocalvicular Joint ligaments

A
  1. articular capsule
  2. anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments (weak)
  3. interclavicular ligament
  4. costoclavicular ligament
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5
Q

costoclavicular ligament

A
  • extends from 1st rib and costal cartilage to medial inferior portion of clavicle
  • limits elevation of medial end of clavicle
  • works with subclavius to prevent injury to joint by limiting excessive movement of clavicle
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6
Q

Special Features of Sternocalvicular Joint

A
  1. fibrocartilage- articular cartilage

2. fibrocartilagenous articular disk divides joint into separate cavities

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7
Q

fibrocartilagenous articular disk

A
  1. disk is attached superiorly to medial superior margin of clavicle inferior to junction of sterum with first rib
  2. most important modification for joint stability
  3. cushions joint and helps to prevent upward and medial dislocation; two joint cavities increase overall joint motion
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8
Q

arterial supply to sternoclavicular joint

A
  1. internal thoracic artery
  2. suprascapular artery
  3. highest thoracic artery
  4. clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery
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9
Q

nerve supply to sternoclavicular joint

A
  1. medial supraclavicular nerve (c3, c4)

2. nerve to subclavius (C5,C6)

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10
Q

Acromioclavicular joint Type

A
  1. synovial
  2. plane

**joint is strongest where tendinous fibers of trapezius and deltoid attach to clavicle and acromion

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11
Q

Acromioclavicular joint articular elements

A
  1. acromion process of scapula

2. lateral end of clavicle

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12
Q

Acromioclavicular joint special features

A
  1. articulating facets are covered with fibrocartilage
  2. incomplete, wedge-shaped, fibrocartilagenous disk, attached superiorly to articular capsule, projects into joint cavity and divides into 2 areas
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13
Q

Acromioclavicular joint ligaments

A
  1. articular capsule
  2. superior and inferior acromiaclavicular ligaments
  3. coracoclavicular ligament
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14
Q

coracoclavicular ligament

A
  • anchors clavicle to coracoid process of scapula
  • strongest of ligaments that stabilize joint
  • composed of:
    1. conoid part- medial, attaches to conoid tubercle
    2. trapezoid part- lateral, attaches to trapezoid line
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15
Q

Acromioclavicular joint arterial supply

A
  1. branches of thoracoacromial artery

2. branches of lateral thoracic artery

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16
Q

Acromioclavicular joint nerves

A
  1. supraclavicular
  2. lateral pectoral
  3. axillary
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17
Q

glenohumeral joint type

A
  1. synovial

2. ball and socket

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18
Q

glenohumeral joint articulating elements

A
  1. glenoid cavity

2. head of humerus

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19
Q

glenohumeral joint ligaments

A
  1. articular capsule
  2. coracohumeral ligament
  3. coracoacromial ligament
  4. transverse humeral ligament
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20
Q

glenohumeral joint articular capsule

A
  • attached to glenoid cavity and anatomical neck of humerus
  • thin and loose
  • contributes to joint flexibility in all ranges of motion
    • loose to facilitate movement**
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21
Q

glenohumeral joint coracohumeral ligament

A
  • arises from coracoid process
  • blends laterally with joint capsule along anatomical neck
  • helps prevent inferior dislocation
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22
Q

glenohumeral joint coracoacromial ligament

A
  • spans scapular prominence
  • form roof over joint
  • assists in preventing superior dislocation of glenohumeral joint
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23
Q

glenohumeral joint transverse ligament

A
  • spans intertubercular groove

- hold tendons of biceps

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24
Q

glenohumeral joint special features

A
  1. glenoid labrum
  2. tendon of long head of biceps attach to glenoid labrum
  3. glenohumeral bands/ ligaments
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25
Q

glenoid labrum

A

fibrocartilage elevation surrounding glenoid cavity, increases depth

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26
Q

glenohumeral bands/ ligaments

A
  • 3 ligaments (suprior, middle, and inferior)
  • on internal aspect of anterior glenoid wall
  • attach to anterior wall and lesser tubercle and anatomical neck
  • prevent anterior or posterior dislocation
  • more anterior dislocations than posterior
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27
Q

glenohumeral joint arterial supply

A
  • anterior and posterior circumflex scapular arteries

- suprascapular

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28
Q

glenohumeral joint nerve supply

A
  • suprascapular nerve
  • axillary nerve
  • lateral pectoral nerve
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29
Q

Elbow Joint type

A
  1. synovial

2. hinge

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30
Q

Elbow Joint articular elements

A
  1. trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
  2. capitulum of humerus with head of radius
  3. head of radius with radial notch of ulna
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31
Q

Elbow Joint special features

A

proximal radialulanr joint and elbow joint share common synovial cavity

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32
Q

Elbow Joint Ligaments

A
  1. articular capsule
  2. ulna collateral ligament
  3. radial collateral ligament
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33
Q

Elbow Joint articular capsule

A
  • weak anteriorly and posteriorly

- strongly reenforced by collateral ligaments

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34
Q

ulnar collateral ligaments

A
  1. anterior part (strongest) - medial epicondlye of humerus to tubercle on coranoid process
  2. posterior part (weaker)- medial epicondlye of humerus to medial edge of olecranon process
  3. oblique, intermediate, transverse part (weakest)- attaches to medial ulna to deepen socket for trochlea ( helps close semilumar notch)
35
Q

radial collateral ligament

A
  • from lateral epicondyle to annular ligament of radius
36
Q

elbow joint arterial supply

A
  • collateral branches of brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries
37
Q

Elbow Joint nerve supply

A
  • musculocutaneous and radial

- can also have ulnar and median nerves

38
Q

proximal radioulnar joint type

A
  1. synovial

2. pivot

39
Q

proximal radioulnar joint articulating elements

A
  1. head of radius

2. radial notch of ulna

40
Q

proximal radioulnar joint special features

A
  1. shares joint capsule with elbow

2. strengthened by attachments to anterior capsule and lateral collateral ligaments of elbow

41
Q

proximal radioulnar joint ligaments

A
  1. annular ligament- encircles head of radius and attaches to ulna above and inferior to radial notch
42
Q

proximal radioulnar joint nerve and arterial supply

A 
same as elbow
Nerves:
- musculocutaneous and radial 
- can also have ulnar and median nerves
Arteries: 
- collateral branches of brachial, radial, and ulnar arteries
43
Q

Distal radioulnar joint type

A
  1. synovial pivot
44
Q

Distal radioulnar joint articular elements

A
  1. head of ulna

2. ulnar notch of radius

45
Q

Distal radioulnar joint ligaments

A

capsular ligament- weak anterior and posterior transverse bands between distal radius and ulna

46
Q

Distal radioulnar joint special features

A
  1. fibrocartilagenous articular disk - uniting structure of distal radio- ulnar joint
  2. interosseous membrane- spans radius to ulna
    - resist tendency for bones to go in opposite direction
47
Q

Distal radioulnar joint arterial supply

A
  • anterior and posterior interosseous
48
Q

Distal radioulnar joint nerve supply

A
  • anterior interosseous nerve (median)

- posterior interosseous nerve (radial)

49
Q

Wrist Joint type

A
  1. ellipsoidal or condyloid synovial
50
Q

Wrist Joint articular elements

A
  1. distal radius and articular disk of distal radioulnar joint
  2. scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium
51
Q

Wrist Joint ligaments

A
  1. articular capsule
  2. palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments
  3. radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
  4. dorsal radiocarpal ligament
52
Q

Wrist Joint arterial supply

A

branches form palmar and dorsal carpal arches

53
Q

Wrist Joint nerve supply

A

median - anterior interosseous n

radial- posterior interosseous n

54
Q

Intercarpal joint type

A
  • plane synovial
55
Q

Intercarpal joint articulating elements

A

in between carpal bones

56
Q

Intercarpal joint ligments

A
  1. articular capsule

in between carpals of same row:

  1. dosral intercarpal
  2. palmar intercarpal (radiate carpal- attaches scaphoid lunate and triquetrium to capitate)
  3. interosseous intercarpal ligaments

between proximal and distal row of carpals:

  1. radial collateral
  2. ulnar collateral
57
Q

mid-carpal joint

A
  • no interosseous ligaments

- allows for increased flexibility of wrist during flexion, extension, and abduction

58
Q

Intercarpal joint arterial supply

A
  • palmar and dorsal carpal network
59
Q

Intercarpal joint nerves

A

median-anterior interosseous
radial- posterior interosseous
ulnar- deep branch

60
Q

carpometacarpal and inter metacarpal joint type

A
  1. synovial

2. plane (gliding)

61
Q

carpometacarpal and inter metacarpal joint articulating elements

A
  1. distal row of carpal

2. metacarpal

62
Q

carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joint special features

A

-share common joint cavity within intercarpals
thumb:
-saddle type synovial between trapezium and base of 1st metacarpal- has own joint cavity
- loose articulating capsule allows freedom of movement
- adduction, abduction, circumduction, oppostion

63
Q

carpometacarpal and inter metacarpal joint ligaments

A
  1. proximal
    - capsular ligament
    - dorsal and palmar carpometacarpals
    - interosseous carpometalcarpal
    - dorsal and palmar metacarpal
    interosseous metacarpal
  2. distal
    - deep transverse metacarpal
64
Q

deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

A
  • unite palmar surface of head of metacarpal 2-5
  • blend with palmar metacarpophalangeal ligaments
  • limits spread of heads of metacarpals
65
Q

carpometacarpal and inter metacarpal joint arteries

A
  • dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries
66
Q

carpometacarpal and inter metacarpal joint nerves

A
  • branches from median. radial, and ulnar
67
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints type

A
  1. synovial

2. condyloid

68
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints articular elements

A
  1. heads of all metacarpals

2. base of 5 proximal phalanges

69
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints ligaments

A
  1. articular capsule
  2. collateral metacarpophalangeal ligaments
  3. palmar metacarpophalangeal ligaments

**dorsally- strengthened by tendons of extensor digitorum (2-5) and extensor pollicis longs and brevis

70
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints arterial supply

A
  • branches of digital arteries from superficial palmar arterial arch
71
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints nerves

A
  • digital branches from medial and ulnar nerves
72
Q

Interphalangeal joint type

A
  1. synovial

2. hinge

73
Q

Interphalangeal joint articulating surfaces

A
  • head of one phalanx to base of more distal phalanx
74
Q

Interphalangeal joint ligaments

A
  • articular capsule
  • palmar interphalangeal ligaments
  • collateral interphalangeal ligaments
  • joint strenghtened dorsally by passage of extensor expansion of extensor digitorum tendons
75
Q

Interphalangeal joint arteries

A
  • branches of proper digital arteries
76
Q

Interphalangeal joint nerves

A
  • digital from median and ulnar nerves
77
Q

shoulder dislocation

A
  • disrupt glenohumeral joint
78
Q

shoulder seperation

A
  • disrupts acromioclavicular joint
79
Q

humeroscapular rhythm

A

1-2 degreen scapular rotation= 2-3 degrees glenhumeral rotation

80
Q

abduction of upper limb

A
  • depends on muscles acitivity, scapular rotation, and glenohumeral rotation
81
Q

glenohumeral joint abduction

A
  • 170 degrees abduction

- if interfere with capsule, AC joint, sternoclavicular joint get less abduction

82
Q

Process of abduction

A
  1. supraspinatus initiate by depressing humeral head
  2. deltoid to 100 degrees abduction
  3. upward rotation and protration of scapula by serratus anterior and trapezius
  4. lateral rotation by teres minor and infraspinatus
83
Q

Injury to abductor muscles

A
  • axillary, suprascapular, spinal accessory nerve, long thoracic nerves impede full glenohumeral abduction
84
Q

maintenance of glenohumeral cavity joint

A

shoulder joint- deltoid
stability- rotator cuff muscles
flexibility- loose capsule
integrity- labrum and glenohumeral ligaments

MSK (13 decks)

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