Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Axilla > Flashcards

Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

Axilla

A
  • tetrahedral shaped space at junction of upper limb and thorax
  • boundaries provide passage way for nerves from neck and vessels from thorax to enter upper limb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Boundaries of axilla

A
  • Apex= junction of clavicle, scapula, and 1st rib (cervicoaxillary canal)
  • Base= axillary fascia
  • Anterior wall= pect. major and pect. minor and clavipectoral fascia
  • Posterior wall= scapula with subscapularis, teres major and lat. dorsi
  • Medial wall= ribs 1-4 (5) with intercostal muscles covered by serratus anterior muscle
  • Lateral boundary= junction of anterior and posterior axillary wall at inter tubercular groove
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Contents of axilla

A
  1. axillary artery and branches
  2. axillary vein and tributaries
  3. cords and branches of brachial plexus
  4. proximal long and short heads of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles
  5. axillary lymph nodes
  6. fat
    Notes: axillary artery and veins, and cord of brachial plexus surrounded by axillary sheath (extension of prevertebral cervical fascia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Axillary artery

A
  • continuation of subclavian artery lateral to lateral border of 1st rib
  • becomes brachial artery distal to inferior border of trees major
  • divided into 3 areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1st area of axillary artery

A
  • 1 branch: supreme (highest) thoracic artery
  • arises from inferior surface of axillary artery
  • courses downward
  • supplies 1st and 2nd anterior intercostal space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2nd area of axillary artery

A

-2 branches

  1. Thoracoacromial Artery
  2. Lateral Thoracic Artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3rd area of axillary artery

A
  • 3 branches
  1. Subscapular artery
  2. Anterior Circumflex humeral artery
  3. posterior Circumflex humeral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thoracoacromial Artery

A

-arises posterior to pectoralis minor
- courses medially and pierces costocoracoid membrane
- short trunk and divides into 4 branches:
acromial branch
clavicular branch
deltoid branch
pectoral branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lateral Thoracic Artery

A
  • arises behind pectoralis minor and courses inferior parallel to lateral border
  • provides branches to lateral intercostal spaces, serratus anterior, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, mammary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Supreme (highest) Thoracic Artery

A
  • arises from inferior surface of axillary artery
  • courses downward
  • supplies 1st and 2nd anterior intercostal space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Subscapular artery

A
  • largest and most variable branch
  • arises within the axilla from inferior surface of axillary artery and runs along lateral border of subscapularis muscle
  • divides into:
  1. Circumflex Scapular artery- courses posteriorly through triangular space; participates in scapular anastomosis
  2. Thoracodorsal artery- courses with thoracodorsel nerve on anteomedial surface of latissimus dorsi (supplies this)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

A
  • arises from anterolateral surface of axillary artery in region of surgical neck
  • courses laterally around neck and anastomose with posterior counterpart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

A
  • arise anteromedial aspect of axillary artery at surgical neck
  • courses posterior with axillary nerve through quadrangle space to anastomose with anterior counterpart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Axillary Vein

A
  • runs with axillary artery
  • distal: medial to axillary artery
  • proximal: anterior and somewhat inferior to axillary artery
  • formed from union of basilic and brachial veins
  • tributaries named for branches of axillary artery that they parallel
  • cephalic vein pierces clavipectoral fasci and joins axillary vein at superior border of pectoralis minor
  • becomes subclavian when cross lateral border of 1st rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Superficial lymphatics of upper limb

A
  • drains subcutaneous structures
  • hand: drains from palmar surface dorsally and from distal proximally
  • lymphatic collecting ducts follow course of major superficial veins (mostly- basilic vein)
  • ends at lateral group of axillary lymph nodes
  • lateral collecting ducts follow course of cephalic vein to end in apical group of axillary lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Deep lymphatics of upper limb

A
  • drain periosteum, joint capsules, tendons, and some muscle
  • collecting ducts of deep lymphatics parallel course of major arteries and drain lateral and central axillary lymph nodes

(Note: small lymph nodes can be found scattered on upper limb in superficial and deep areas along path of major vessels)

17
Q

Axillary lymph nodes

A
  • 20-30 in number
  • 5 groups of nodes: (infraclavicular)
    1. pectoral
    2. lateral
    3. subscapular
    4. central
    5. apical
  • clinical: remove nodes- impair lymphatic drainage- limb swells (usually happens with radical great removal)
18
Q

Pectoral lymph nodes

A
  • located along the lateral edge of the pectoralis minor deep to pectoralis major
19
Q

Lateral lymph nodes

A
  • located along medial border of the humerus
20
Q

Subscapular lymph nodes

A
  • located at junction of the trees major with latissimus dorsi
21
Q

Central lymph nodes

A
  • located anterior to the tendon of the subscapularis deep to the pectoralis minor
22
Q

Apical lymph nodes

A
  • located close to the cervico-axillary call superior to pectoralis minor
23
Q

lymph flow on right side of body

A
  • efferent channels of apical lymph nodes drain- subclavian lymphatic trunk- right lymphatic duct- right jugulovenous angle
  • right limb and right upper thorax
24
Q

lymph flow on left side of body

A

-subclavian lymph trunk drains into thoracic duct

drain rest of body not included in right lymph flow

MSK (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions