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MSK > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Brachial Plexus

A
  • ventral rami or C5-T1
  • provide motor, sensory, and sympathetic innervation to upper limb
  • each ventral ramus has gray communicans (postganglionic sympathetic fiber) distributed via cervical sympathetic ganglia
  • Passes from neck and upper thorax to upper limb via cervicoaxillary canal
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2
Q

Components of Brachial plexus

A
  1. roots (rami)
  2. trunks
  3. divisions
  4. cords
  5. branches
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3
Q

Roots of brachial plexus

A

ventral rami of C5-T1 as they leave IV foramina in neck and upper thorax

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4
Q

Trunks of brachial plexus

A

Upper- union of C5-C6
Middle- continuation of C7
Lower- Union of C8-T1

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5
Q

Divisions of brachial plexus

A

Anterior- extension of trunks; contribute to lateral and medial cords

posterior- extension of all 3 trunks contribute to form posterior cord

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6
Q

Cords of brachial plexus

A
  • first portion of brachial plexus located in axilla
  • named for relationship to axillary artery:
    lateral
    medial
    posterior
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7
Q

lateral cord of brachial plexus

A
  • formed by union of 2 anterior divisions:
    1. upper trunk
    2. middle trunk supplying cord level C7 to lateral cord
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8
Q

Medial cord of brachial plexus

A

-direct continuation of anterior portion of lower trunk

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9
Q

Posterior cord of of brachial plexus

A
  • union of 3 posterior divisions

- contains fibers from ALL spinal nerves roots C5-T1

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10
Q

Branches of lateral cord

A
  1. Lateral pectoral nerve
  2. Musculocutaneous nerve
    * contribution to median nerve carrier fibers C6 and C7 (rarely C5)*
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11
Q

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

A

-innervates pectoralis major

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12
Q

Musculocuntaneous Nerve

A
  • C5, C6, C7
  • terminal branch of lateral cord
  • innervates anterior compartment of arm
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13
Q

branches of medial cord

A
  1. medial pectoral nerve
  2. medial brachial cutaneous nerve
  3. medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
  4. ulnar nerve
    * contribution to medial nerve carries fiber C8 and T1**
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14
Q

Medial Pectoral Nerve

A
  • innervates pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
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15
Q

Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve

A
  • cutaneous innervation to medial portion of arm
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16
Q

Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve

A
  • cutaneous inneration to the medial portion of forearm
17
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A
  • C8, T1

- terminal branch of medial cord

18
Q

Branches of Posterior Cord

A
  1. upper subscapular nerve
  2. thoracodorsal nerve
  3. lower subscapular nerve
  4. axillary nerve
  5. radial nerve
19
Q

Upper Subscapular Nerve

A
  • innervates subscapularis
20
Q

Thoracodorsal Nerve

A
  • innervates latissimus dorsi

* AKA middle subscapular nerve

21
Q

Lower Subscapular Nerve

A
  • innervates sunscapularis and teres major
22
Q

Axillary Nerve

A
  • C5 and C6
  • innervates deltoid and teres minor
  • 1 of 2 terminal branches of posterior cord
23
Q

Radial Nerve

A
  • C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
  • innervates all muscles of dorsal surface of limb
  • largest
  • terminal branch of posterior cord
    (T1 is inconsistent in radial nerve)
24
Q

Median Nerve

A
  • C6, C7, C8, T1
  • innervates most ventral antebrachial muscles and thenar muscles of hand
  • terminal branch of brachial plexus
    (C5 is inconsistent nerve)
25
Q

Supraclavicular Branches of brachial plexus

A
  1. dorsal scapular nerve
  2. suprascapular nerve
  3. nerve to subclavius
  4. long thoracic nerve
26
Q

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

A
  • C5

- innervates levator scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor

27
Q

Suprascapular Nerve

A
  • Formed at junction of C5 and C6

- innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

28
Q

Nerve to Subclavius

A
  • From upper trunk C5 and C6

- Innervates subclavius muscle

29
Q

Long Thoracic Nerve

A
  • C5, C6, C7
  • innervates serratus anterior
  • only posterior nerve off plexus*
30
Q

Dermatomes

A
  • innervation from spinal cord level C4-T3
  • reflects segmental innervation of body
  • provided by branches of brachial plexus
  • shoulder innervated by C4 from supraclavicular nerve pf cervical plexus
  • anterior, medial, and posteromedial portion of brachium innervated by intercostal brachial cutaneous nerves (T1, T2 and sometimes T3)

MSK (13 decks)

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