Joints & articulation, muscular-skeletal system, levers, analysis of movement, physical activites

Question 1

LOOK AT SKELETAL SYSTEM PICTURE

Question 2

Functions of the Skeletal system

Answer 2

SUPPORT - Keep organs in position
- Vertebrae, pelvis and legs enable people to stand & share weight over body

BLOOD PRODUCTION
- Larger bones have bone marrow
- Red marrow responsible for red blood cell production

PROTECTION
- Hard yet flexible, withstand large force

MOVEMENT
- Joints allow diff movement

MINERAL STORAGE
- Bones are a storage area for minerals

Question 3

Long Bones

Answer 3

• Have greater length, lesser width
  e.g Femur, Humerus

Question 4

Short Bones

Answer 4

• Have approx same width and length
  e.g Carpals and Tarsals

Question 5

Flat Bone

Answer 5

• Appear thin, some may be curved
  e.g skull

Question 6

Irregular Bone

Answer 6

• No specific shape
  e.g ethmoid. sphenoid

Question 7

Sesamoid Bone

Answer 7

• Embedded inside a tendon
  e.g patella

Question 8

Define a joint

Answer 8

a place where 2 or more bones meet

Question 9

Classify the 3 joints

Answer 9

Fibrous / fixed= immovable e.g cranium
Cartilaginous = slightly movable e.g vertebrae
Synovial = freely e.g shoulder, elbow

Question 10

Name the types of synovial joint

Answer 10

• Ball and socket
• Hinge
• Pivot
• Ellipsoid = wrist
• Gliding = spine

Question 11

Movement of the body

Answer 11

flexion
extension
abduction (horizontal)
adduction (horizontal)
rotation
circumduction
pronation
supination
lateral flexion
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion

Question 11

Dorsiflexion

Answer 11

make ankle joint move towards shin

Question 12

Supination and pronation

Answer 12

Super= radio-ulnar joint makes palm face upwards

Question 13

Structural function of skeletal muscles

Answer 13

1) heat production
2) Movement
3) Posture
4) Support

Question 14

Agonist and Antagonist

Answer 14

AGONIST = prime mover
Antagonist = opposite action to agonist helping coordination of movement

Question 15

Antagonistic muscle pair

Answer 15

• as one muscle contracts and shortens to produce movement the other lengthens to allow movement to take plsce

Question 16

Isotonic contraction

Answer 16

= Tension developed in muscle while joint movement occurs
CONCENTRIC = Tension produced while muscle shortens, causing movement
ECCENTRIC = Tension produced while muscle lengthens, controlling movement

Question 17

Isometric contraction

Answer 17

= Tensions is developed but no joint movement occurs, stopping the movement

Question 18

Types of muscle fibre

Answer 18

Type 1 = slow
Type 2a = Fast oxidative glycolytic
Type 2b = Fast glycolytic

Question 19

Characteristics of Type 1

Answer 19

• Aerobic
• High resistance to fatigue
  Small fibre size

Question 20

Characteristics of Type 2a

Answer 20

Anaerobic
Force over short period lo resistance to fatigue

Question 21

Characteristics of 2b

Answer 21

Most force produced
Low resistance for fatigue
fast speed of contraction

Question 22

Advantages and Disadvantages of a 1st and 3rd class lever

Answer 22

+ Resitance arm is arm is longer than the effort arm = rapid movement over a large range of movement at the resistance end
- Because the effort arm is short, unable to apply a great deal of force during these movements and lift heavy loads

Question 23

Advantages and disadvantages of a second class lever

Answer 23

+ Only a relatively small force is require to cause lever to work
+ especially good at moving heavy resistances as they produce large force
- Suffer in terms of speed of movement and range of movement