Joints 2: Knee Ankle Foot Flashcards
What ligament joins together the lateral and medial menisci? What does it allow for?
Transverse ligament of the knee.
It allows for menisci to move together during movements of femur on tibia
Where does the ACL originate?
Anterior part of the intercondylar area of tibia
Where does the ACL insert?
Medial aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament originate?
Posterior aspect of intercondylar area of tibia
Where does the PCL insert?
Lateral aspect of the medial condyle
When is the ACL taut? What does it prevent from happening?
When the leg is extended; prevents posterior displacement of femur
When is the PCL taut? What does it prevent from happening?
When the leg is flexed; prevents anterior displacement of the femur
Which way do the fibers of the ACL run?
Supero-postero-lateral
Which way do the fibers of the PCL run?
Supero-antero-medial
Where does the anterior horn of the medial meniscus attach?
Anteriorly to the ACL
Where does the posterior horn of the medial meniscus attach?
Anterior to the PCL
What is adherent to the medial meniscus?
The MCL
What does the meniscofemoral ligament do?
Joints the lateral meniscus to the PCL?
Pain on lateral rotation of the knee will indicate an injury in which meniscus?
Lateral
Pain on medial rotation of the knee will indicate injury in which meniscus?
Medial
Which meniscus tears more often?
The medial meniscus because it’s less mobile
How do you test for meniscal tears?
Palpating for pain while simultaneously adducting or abducting the leg
What makes up the unhappy triad of injuries?
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
What is the function of the foot arches?
To absorb shock during weight bearing and make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes
What does the longitudinal arch consist of? (Medial and lateral parts)
The medial part has the calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms and medial three metatarsals
The lateral part has the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals
What does the transverse arch consist of?
The cuboid, three cuneiforms and metatarsal bones
What is the dynamic support of the foot?
Muscles and tendons: tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and intrinsic plantar muscles
What is the passive support of the foot?
Tissue and ligaments: plantar aponeurosis, short and long plantar ligaments and the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligaments
What is a passive fallen arch primarily due to?
Laxity in the spring ligament
What type of stabilizer (active or passive) is found in the arch of the forefoot?
Passive stabilizers
What type of stabilizers (active or passive) are found in the metatarsus and tarsus of the foot?
Active/dynamic
What are the dynamic and passive longitudinal arch stabilizers?
Dynamic - tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, intrinsic plantar muscles
Passive - plantar aponeurosis, short plantar ligament, long plantar ligament and spring ligament
What is pes planus/flat feet?
Its a condition where the plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis become abnormally stretched. Spring ligament can no longer support talus head: talus head displaces inferomedially and becomes prominent
Usually medial parts of longitudinal arch
What makes up the ankle joint?
Tibia, fibula and talus (mortise and tendon joint)
Three sided mortise formed by two malleoli and inferior tibia - malleoli grip on the trochlea is the strongest during dorsiflexion
Joints made of medial and lateral ligaments
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
Hinge synovial joint (dorsi and plantar flex)
What is the deltoid ligament made up of? What does it do?
Deltoid ligament is anterior tibiotalar part, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal part, and posterior tibiotalar part.
It connects the tibia with the talus, calcaneus and navicular. Stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion
What make up the lateral ligaments?
The anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
They attach the lateral malleolus to the talus and calcaneus
Which is the ligament that tears in an ankle sprain?
Anterior talofibular ligament
What are the two important intertarsal joints? What actions do they do?
Transverse tarsal joint (which is calcaneocuboid and talonavicular)
Subtalar joint (talocalcanean)
Inversion and eversion
What ligament makes up the subtalar (talocalcanean) joint
Interosseus talocalcaneal lig
