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MSK T2 > Joints 2: Knee Ankle Foot > Flashcards

Joints 2: Knee Ankle Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What ligament joins together the lateral and medial menisci? What does it allow for?

A

Transverse ligament of the knee.

It allows for menisci to move together during movements of femur on tibia

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2
Q

Where does the ACL originate?

A

Anterior part of the intercondylar area of tibia

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3
Q

Where does the ACL insert?

A

Medial aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur

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4
Q

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament originate?

A

Posterior aspect of intercondylar area of tibia

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5
Q

Where does the PCL insert?

A

Lateral aspect of the medial condyle

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6
Q

When is the ACL taut? What does it prevent from happening?

A

When the leg is extended; prevents posterior displacement of femur

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7
Q

When is the PCL taut? What does it prevent from happening?

A

When the leg is flexed; prevents anterior displacement of the femur

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8
Q

Which way do the fibers of the ACL run?

A

Supero-postero-lateral

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9
Q

Which way do the fibers of the PCL run?

A

Supero-antero-medial

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10
Q

Where does the anterior horn of the medial meniscus attach?

A

Anteriorly to the ACL

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11
Q

Where does the posterior horn of the medial meniscus attach?

A

Anterior to the PCL

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12
Q

What is adherent to the medial meniscus?

A

The MCL

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13
Q

What does the meniscofemoral ligament do?

A

Joints the lateral meniscus to the PCL?

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14
Q

Pain on lateral rotation of the knee will indicate an injury in which meniscus?

A

Lateral

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15
Q

Pain on medial rotation of the knee will indicate injury in which meniscus?

A

Medial

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16
Q

Which meniscus tears more often?

A

The medial meniscus because it’s less mobile

17
Q

How do you test for meniscal tears?

A

Palpating for pain while simultaneously adducting or abducting the leg

18
Q

What makes up the unhappy triad of injuries?

A

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus

19
Q

What is the function of the foot arches?

A

To absorb shock during weight bearing and make foot adaptable to surface and weight changes

20
Q

What does the longitudinal arch consist of? (Medial and lateral parts)

A

The medial part has the calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms and medial three metatarsals

The lateral part has the calcaneus, cuboid, and lateral two metatarsals

21
Q

What does the transverse arch consist of?

A

The cuboid, three cuneiforms and metatarsal bones

22
Q

What is the dynamic support of the foot?

A

Muscles and tendons: tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and intrinsic plantar muscles

23
Q

What is the passive support of the foot?

A

Tissue and ligaments: plantar aponeurosis, short and long plantar ligaments and the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligaments

24
Q

What is a passive fallen arch primarily due to?

A

Laxity in the spring ligament

25
Q

What type of stabilizer (active or passive) is found in the arch of the forefoot?

A

Passive stabilizers

26
Q

What type of stabilizers (active or passive) are found in the metatarsus and tarsus of the foot?

A

Active/dynamic

27
Q

What are the dynamic and passive longitudinal arch stabilizers?

A

Dynamic - tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, intrinsic plantar muscles

Passive - plantar aponeurosis, short plantar ligament, long plantar ligament and spring ligament

28
Q

What is pes planus/flat feet?

A

Its a condition where the plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis become abnormally stretched. Spring ligament can no longer support talus head: talus head displaces inferomedially and becomes prominent

Usually medial parts of longitudinal arch

29
Q

What makes up the ankle joint?

A

Tibia, fibula and talus (mortise and tendon joint)

Three sided mortise formed by two malleoli and inferior tibia - malleoli grip on the trochlea is the strongest during dorsiflexion

Joints made of medial and lateral ligaments

30
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Hinge synovial joint (dorsi and plantar flex)

31
Q

What is the deltoid ligament made up of? What does it do?

A

Deltoid ligament is anterior tibiotalar part, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal part, and posterior tibiotalar part.

It connects the tibia with the talus, calcaneus and navicular. Stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion

32
Q

What make up the lateral ligaments?

A

The anterior talofibular ligament

Posterior tibiofibular ligament

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

They attach the lateral malleolus to the talus and calcaneus

33
Q

Which is the ligament that tears in an ankle sprain?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

34
Q

What are the two important intertarsal joints? What actions do they do?

A

Transverse tarsal joint (which is calcaneocuboid and talonavicular)

Subtalar joint (talocalcanean)

Inversion and eversion

35
Q

What ligament makes up the subtalar (talocalcanean) joint

A

Interosseus talocalcaneal lig

MSK T2 (18 decks)

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