Anterior And Lateral Leg Flashcards
What is the fibular trochlea and where is it found?
It is a ridge on the lateral surface of the calcaneus
What is the cuboid tarsal and what does it articulate with?
It is the most lateral bone in the distal row of tarsals
It articulates posteriorly with the calcaneus, anteriorly with the 4th and 5th metatarsal, medially with the navicular and lateral cuneiform
What is the cuboid sulcus?
It is a groove for the fibularis longus m
What is the crural fascia?
Fascia that covers the leg muscles; it’s part of the proximal attachment of underlying muscles and it thickens distally to form extensor retinaculum
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior m, extensor hallucis longus m, extensor digitorum longus m, and fibularis tertius m
What is the primary function of the anterior compartment muscles?
Dorsiflexion and toe extension
Where does the Tibialis anterior m originate?
Lateral tibial condyle and superolateral 1/2 of the tibia
Where does the Tibialis Anterior m insert?
The medial surface of the first (medial) cuneiform and first metatarsal base
What are the actions of the Tibialis anterior m?
Dorsiflexion and inversion
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus m?
Lateral tibial condyle, anterior fibular surface and interosseus membrane
Where does the Extensor Digitorum Longus M insert?
Each of the four tendons forms an extensor expansion over the dorsum of the lateral four proximal phalanges that divide into two lateral slips (distal phalanx) and one central slip (middle phalanx)
What are the actions of extensor digitorum longus m?
Extend lateral four digits and dorsiflexion
What is the origin of the Fibularis Tertius M?
Anteroinferior fibular surface
What is the insertion of the Fibularis Tertius M?
Dorsum of fifth metatarsal bone
What is the function of the Fibularis Tertius m?
Dorsiflexion and eversion
What is the origin of the extensor Hallucis longus m?
Anteromedial fibular surface and interosseus membrane.
What is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus m?
Base of the distal phalanx of hallux
What are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus?
To extend hallux and dorsiflex ankle
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
The deep fibular nerve
What all does the deep fibular nerve innervate?
The anterior compartment of muscles
the ankle joint and metacarpal phalangeal joints
the dorsal intrinsic foot muscles
the skin between the first and second digits
Where does the deep fibular nerve run?
It is one of two terminal branches of the common fibular nerve
It begins between the fibula and fibularis muscles and runs inferomedially with the anterior tibial vessels between tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus.
It ends in medial and lateral terminal branches on the dorsum of the foot
What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Anterior Tibial artery
Where does the anterior tibial artery arise from, where does it run and how does it end?
Arises from the popliteal artery
Begins near popliteus muscle, passes anteriorly over the interosseus membrane, descends with the deep fibular nerve.
Ends at the ankle between the malleoli and becomes dorsalis pedis artery
What two muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
The fibularis brevis and fibularis longus
What nerve is found in the lateral compartment?
The superficial fibular nerve
Where does the fibularis longus muscle originate?
Head and superolateral 2/3 of the fibula
Where does the fibularis longus muscle insert?
The first metatarsal and medial cuneiform bone (it runs obliquely and distally across the sole of the foot)
What is the function fo the Fibularis longus M?
Eversion and plantar flexion
Where does the Fibularis Brevis M originate?
The inferolateral 2/3 of the Fibula
Where does the Fibularis Brevis M insert?
The dorsal tuberosity on the lateral side of fifth metatarsal
What is the action of the Fibularis Brevis M?
Eversion and plantarflexion
The tendons of what two muscles run posterior to the lateral malleolus to the foot?
Fibularis Longus and Fibularis Brevis muscles
What does the superficial fibular nerve innervate?
Anteroinferior leg, nearly the entire dorsal surface of the foot, and most of the dorsal aspect of the digits
What is the clinical importance of the common fibular nerve?
It’s the most commonly injured lower extremity nerve because it winds superficially around the fibular head
What does an injury to the common fibular nerve cause?
Paralysis of all anterior and lateral crural muscles;
Loss of dorsiflexion and eversion cause foot-drop
Loss of sensation along anterolateral leg and dorsum of the foot
What is foot drop?
Difficulty achieving heel strike; patient has high stepping gait, waddling gait or swing-out gait.
If the leg is swung strongly forward, the foot strikes with a clap.
What is the arterial supply of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Branches that pass anteriorly from the fibular artery
What is the clinical importance of crural fascia?
Trauma can lead to hemorrhage, edema, and inflammation. Intracompartmental pressure may lead to ischemia and permanent injury.
Incising the fascia (fasciotomy) may be performed to relieve pressure
What are shin splints?
Repetitive microtrauma to tibialis anterior. It can include small tears to periosteum over tibia, and/or tears to the overlying deep fascia.
It is a mild form of compartmental syndrome
