Glutes, Posterior Thigh And Popliteal Fossa Flashcards
What are the arteries of the cruciate anastomosis?
Inferior gluteal artery,
transverse branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery
Terminal part of the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery
first perforating branch of deep femoral artery
What does the internal pudendal artery supply?
Perineal muscles and external genitalia
Where should intragluteal injections be made?
In the supero-lateral part of the gluteal region in order to avoid the sciatic nerve and other gluteal nerves and vessels
What is the action of the gluteus Maximus?
Chief extensor of the thigh and lateral rotation
What is the gluteus Maximus innervated by?
Inferior gluteal nerve
What artery supplies the gluteus Maximus?
Superficial branch of the gluteal artery and branches of the inferior gluteal artery
What is the origin of the gluteus Maximus?
Surface of the ilium behind posterior gluteal line
Dorsal surface of the sacrum
Lateral margin of the coccyx
sacrotubular L.
What is the insertion of gluteus Maximus?
Gluteal tuberosity and IT band
What are the actions of gluteus medius and minimus?
Thigh abduction and medial rotation (mostly minimus)
What is the innervation for gluteus medius and minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve
What allows us to walk bipedally?
Gluteus medius and minimus allow for abduction, which is necessary for walking bipedally
What is duchenne’s limp/positive trendelenburg’s sign?
It’s a condition where the abductor muscles of the hip, gluteus minimus and medius are not functioning, causing a loss of steadying action and leaning towards the affected side; could be caused by an injury to superior gluteal nerve or the actual hip muscles themselves
What do the gluteus minimus and medius do?
They keep the greater trochanter in proximity to the iliac blade, thereby keeping the pelvis level and maintaining a smooth gait
What is the tensor fascia lata innervated by?
Superficial gluteal nerve
What are the actions of the tensor fascia lata?
Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh; slight extension of knee along with the gluteus Maximus
What is the origin of piriformis?
Anterio-lateral aspect of the sacrum
Where does piriformis insert?
Trochanteric fossa
What is the innervation of obturator internus?
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus nerve
What is the action of the superior and inferior gemelli?
Lateral rotation
What is the innervation of superior gemellus?
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
What is the innervation of inferior gemellus?
Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
Which of the small lateral rotators is least affective when the thigh is flexed at the hip?
Not sure…..
What are the hamstring muscles?
Semi-membranosus
Semi-tendinosus
Biceps femoris, short head and long head
What is the common proximal attachment of the hamstrings?
Ischial tuberosity, except short head of biceps femoris
What is the common innervation of hamstrings?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve, except short head of biceps femoris
What are the functions of hamstrings?
Thigh extension, except short head of biceps femoris. Leg flexion (all four)
What is the function of semitendinosus?
Extend thigh, flex leg, medially rotate
What is the innervation of semitendinosus?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Where does the semitendinosus insert?
Pes anserinus
What is the function of semimembranosus?
Extend thigh, flex leg
What is the innervation of semimembranosus?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
What are the actions of biceps femoris? Long head and short head
Long head: flex leg; extend thigh, tibial division of sciatic nerve
Short head: only flexed leg, common fibulae branch of the sciatic
Where do the two heads of the biceps femoris attach?
Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: distal lateral lip of linea aspera
Common insertion is on the head of the fibula
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
superomedially: semitendinosus and semimembraneosus
superolaterally: biceps femoris
inferolaterally: lateral head gastrocnemius
inferomedially: medial head gastrocnemius
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
nerves (tibial), popliteal vein, lymph nodes, popliteal artery and branches
when does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
after it passes through the adductor hiatus
what does the genicular branches of the anastamosis supply?
articular capsule and ligaments of knee joints
what make up the genicular anastamosis
superior and inferior lateral genicular artery
superior and inferior medial genicular artery
How does the popliteal artery terminate?
ends by dividing into the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery
Where does the popliteal vein run?
the small saphenous vein terminates into the popliteal vein, which lies in the same fibrous sheath as the popliteal artery, and then it will become the femoral vein after traveling through the adductor hiatus
what are the nerves in the popliteal fossa?
Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
Before the popliteal fossa, how do you refer to what innervates the hamstrings?
the tibial division of the sciatic nerve, and the fibular division of the sciatic nerve
What is the sural nerve composed of?
the medial sural cutaneous nerve from the tibial nerve
the sural (or fibular) communicating branch from the common fibular nerve of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve
What does the sural nerve innervate?
the distal posterior aspect of the leg and lateral aspect of ankle and foot
What is the primary muscle used to rise from a seated position?
Gluteus maximus m
