Glutes, Posterior Thigh And Popliteal Fossa

Question 1

What are the arteries of the cruciate anastomosis?

Answer 1

Inferior gluteal artery,

transverse branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery

Terminal part of the transverse branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

first perforating branch of deep femoral artery

Question 2

What does the internal pudendal artery supply?

Answer 2

Perineal muscles and external genitalia

Question 3

Where should intragluteal injections be made?

Answer 3

In the supero-lateral part of the gluteal region in order to avoid the sciatic nerve and other gluteal nerves and vessels

Question 4

What is the action of the gluteus Maximus?

Answer 4

Chief extensor of the thigh and lateral rotation

Question 5

What is the gluteus Maximus innervated by?

Answer 5

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 6

What artery supplies the gluteus Maximus?

Answer 6

Superficial branch of the gluteal artery and branches of the inferior gluteal artery

Question 7

What is the origin of the gluteus Maximus?

Answer 7

Surface of the ilium behind posterior gluteal line

Dorsal surface of the sacrum

Lateral margin of the coccyx

sacrotubular L.

Question 8

What is the insertion of gluteus Maximus?

Answer 8

Gluteal tuberosity and IT band

Question 9

What are the actions of gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 9

Thigh abduction and medial rotation (mostly minimus)

Question 10

What is the innervation for gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 10

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 11

What allows us to walk bipedally?

Answer 11

Gluteus medius and minimus allow for abduction, which is necessary for walking bipedally

Question 12

What is duchenne’s limp/positive trendelenburg’s sign?

Answer 12

It’s a condition where the abductor muscles of the hip, gluteus minimus and medius are not functioning, causing a loss of steadying action and leaning towards the affected side; could be caused by an injury to superior gluteal nerve or the actual hip muscles themselves

Question 13

What do the gluteus minimus and medius do?

Answer 13

They keep the greater trochanter in proximity to the iliac blade, thereby keeping the pelvis level and maintaining a smooth gait

Question 14

What is the tensor fascia lata innervated by?

Answer 14

Superficial gluteal nerve

Question 15

What are the actions of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 15

Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh; slight extension of knee along with the gluteus Maximus

Question 16

What is the origin of piriformis?

Answer 16

Anterio-lateral aspect of the sacrum

Question 17

Where does piriformis insert?

Answer 17

Trochanteric fossa

Question 18

What is the innervation of obturator internus?

Answer 18

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus nerve

Question 19

What is the action of the superior and inferior gemelli?

Answer 19

Lateral rotation

Question 20

What is the innervation of superior gemellus?

Answer 20

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

Question 21

What is the innervation of inferior gemellus?

Answer 21

Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

Question 22

Which of the small lateral rotators is least affective when the thigh is flexed at the hip?

Answer 22

Not sure…..

Question 23

What are the hamstring muscles?

Answer 23

Semi-membranosus

Semi-tendinosus

Biceps femoris, short head and long head

Question 24

What is the common proximal attachment of the hamstrings?

Answer 24

Ischial tuberosity, except short head of biceps femoris

Question 25

What is the common innervation of hamstrings?

Answer 25

Tibial division of sciatic nerve, except short head of biceps femoris

Question 26

What are the functions of hamstrings?

Answer 26

Thigh extension, except short head of biceps femoris. Leg flexion (all four)

Question 27

What is the function of semitendinosus?

Answer 27

Extend thigh, flex leg, medially rotate

Question 28

What is the innervation of semitendinosus?

Answer 28

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Question 29

Where does the semitendinosus insert?

Answer 29

Pes anserinus

Question 30

What is the function of semimembranosus?

Answer 30

Extend thigh, flex leg

Question 31

What is the innervation of semimembranosus?

Answer 31

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Question 32

What are the actions of biceps femoris? Long head and short head

Answer 32

Long head: flex leg; extend thigh, tibial division of sciatic nerve Short head: only flexed leg, common fibulae branch of the sciatic

Question 33

Where do the two heads of the biceps femoris attach?

Answer 33

Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: distal lateral lip of linea aspera Common insertion is on the head of the fibula

Question 34

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 34

superomedially: semitendinosus and semimembraneosus superolaterally: biceps femoris inferolaterally: lateral head gastrocnemius inferomedially: medial head gastrocnemius

Question 35

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 35

nerves (tibial), popliteal vein, lymph nodes, popliteal artery and branches

Question 36

when does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

Answer 36

after it passes through the adductor hiatus

Question 37

what does the genicular branches of the anastamosis supply?

Answer 37

articular capsule and ligaments of knee joints

Question 38

what make up the genicular anastamosis

Answer 38

superior and inferior lateral genicular artery superior and inferior medial genicular artery

Question 39

How does the popliteal artery terminate?

Answer 39

ends by dividing into the anterior tibial artery and the posterior tibial artery

Question 40

Where does the popliteal vein run?

Answer 40

the small saphenous vein terminates into the popliteal vein, which lies in the same fibrous sheath as the popliteal artery, and then it will become the femoral vein after traveling through the adductor hiatus

Question 41

what are the nerves in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 41

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Question 42

Before the popliteal fossa, how do you refer to what innervates the hamstrings?

Answer 42

the tibial division of the sciatic nerve, and the fibular division of the sciatic nerve

Question 43

What is the sural nerve composed of?

Answer 43

the medial sural cutaneous nerve from the tibial nerve the sural (or fibular) communicating branch from the common fibular nerve of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Question 44

What does the sural nerve innervate?

Answer 44

the distal posterior aspect of the leg and lateral aspect of ankle and foot

Question 45

What is the primary muscle used to rise from a seated position?

Answer 45

Gluteus maximus m