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MSK T2 > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Semi-rigid tissue comprised of cells and ECM

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2
Q

What are the components of ECM?

A

Collagen and elastic fibers

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3
Q

What are the components of cartilage?

A

Cells - Chondroblasts, chondrocytes

Matrix- collagen fibers (type 1 or 2) and ground substance

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4
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

Immature cells that secrete components of cartilage ECM (appositional growth)

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5
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

Mature cartilage cells in lacunae that secrete ECM and nourish cartilage. Derived from chondroblasts. Interstitial growth

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6
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

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7
Q

What type of collagen does hyaline cartilage contain?

A

Type II collagen

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8
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Articular cartilage, larynx, trachea, ribs, embryonic development

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9
Q

What type of collagen does Elastic cartilage have?

A

Type II collagen

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10
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located?

A

External ear, epiglottis, auditory tube

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11
Q

What type of collagen does fibrocartilage contain?

A

Type I collagen

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12
Q

Where is fibrocartilage located?

A

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, TMJ

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13
Q

what is an isogenous group?

A

Two or three chondrocytes grouped together

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14
Q

What is the territorial matrix? Where is the inter territorial matrix?

A

Territorial - A matrix that directly surrounds isogenous group.

Interterritorial- surrounds the territorial matrix

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15
Q

What is the difference (in staining and characteristics) between territorial and interterritorial matrix?

A

Territorial is moderately staining, while territorial is less intensely stained. Territorial has decreased collagen while interterritorial has more collagen II and fewer proteoglycans

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16
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

It is dense irregular CT that surrounds hyaline and elastic cartilage. It’s a source of new cartilage cells

17
Q

What is the fibrous layer of perichondrium?

A

The outer layer that produces type I collagen and elastin

18
Q

What is the chondrogenic layer of perichondrium?

A

The inner layer that differentiates into chondroblasts. Secretes type II collagen

19
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Components of hyaline cartilage plus elastic fibers within the matrix; surrounded by perichondrium

20
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

A combination of hyaline cartilage and dense regular CT (has type 1and type 2 collagen and a lack of perichondrium)

21
Q

What is appositional growth

A

Chondrogenesis of new cartilage on the surface of existing cartilage; chondrogenesis cells located within inner layer of perichondrium

22
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

Chondrogenesis that takes place within a cartilage mass; chondrocytes divide within lacunae, creating new isogenous groups

23
Q

Why is cartilage repair capacity limited?

A

Due to its avascular nature

24
Q

What is repair cartilage?

A

An ECM matrix composition intermediate of hyaline and fibrous cartilage. It contains type 1 and 2. Facilitates healing of a bone fracture

25
Q

Describe the components of an articular capsule

A

It has an outer fibrous layer made of dense regular CT and extrinsic (separate from capsule) and intrinsic (part of fibrous capsule) ligaments

26
Q

Describe articular cartilage

A

It is hyaline cartilage, it reduces friction, its avascular and lacks nerve supply and it is nourished by synovial fluid

27
Q

Describe synovial membrane

A

Synovium; lines joint cavities (except articular cartilage), lubricates articular cartilage, has a vascular CT membrane, produces synovial fluid, has regenerative properties and absorbs shock

28
Q

What are the three components of synovial joints

A

Synovial membrane, articular capsule and articular cartilage

29
Q

What are synoviocytes?

A

Cells in the joints of synovium

30
Q

What are type A macrophage like synovial cells?

A

They are phagocytosis cells what contain lysosomes to clear articular cavities of debris formed by friction of articular cartilages. Make up 25% of the cells lining synovium. Regulate Inflammatory events

31
Q

What are type B fibroblast like synovial cells?

A

They are cells that produce synovial fluid (plasma filtrate) and produce hyaluronate that combines with synovial fluid. They lubricate and nourish the articular cartilage.

32
Q

What are the four zones of articular cartilage

A

Superficial (tangential)

Intermediate (transitional)

Deep (radial)

Calcified

33
Q

What are three characteristics of the superficial zone of articular cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes are small and flattened parallel to the surface

Most superficial region is devoid of cells

Collagen fibers run parallel to surface

34
Q

What are three characteristics of the intermediate zone of articular cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes are slightly larger and round

Occur both alone and in isogenous groups

Collagen fibers take an oblique course through the matrix

35
Q

What are three characteristics of the deep zone of articular cartilage?

A

Large chondrocytes form radial columns

Stacks are oriented perpendicular to the articulating surface

Collagen fibers follow orientation of chondrocytes columns

36
Q

What are two characteristics of the calcified zone of articular cartilage?

A

Rests on the underlying cortex of the bone

Matrix of the calcified cartilage layer stains slightly dark than the matrix of other layers

37
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

A degenerative joint disease; characterizes by chronic joint pain and various degrees of joint deformity and destruction of articular cartilage

38
Q

What happens in the early stages of osteoarthritis?

A

Superficial layer of articular cartilage is disrupted

39
Q

What happens in the late stages of osteoarthritis?

A

Destruction of the cartilage extends to the bone, where the exposed subchondral bone becomes new articular surface (progressive reduction of mobility and increased pain)

MSK T2 (18 decks)

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