Femoral Triangle

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 1

base = Inguinal ligament

lateral wall = sartorius

medial wall = adductor longus

Question 2

What makes up the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

pectineus and iliopsoas muscles

Question 3

what makes up the roof of the femoral triangle?

Answer 3

fascia lata

Question 4

what are the four contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

femoral nerve and branches

femoral artery and branches

femoral vein and tributaries

femoral canal (empty space) with deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 5

What is the femoral sheath and its purpose?

Answer 5

it is a funnel shaped fascial tube; it encloses proximal parts of femoral vessels and femoral canal; allows smooth gliding of vessels

Question 6

What are the compartments of the femoral sheath?

Answer 6

femoral artery (lateral), femoral vein (intermediate), femoral canal medial) (femoral nerve is not a part of this)

Question 7

What does the femoral canal consist of and what does it do?

Answer 7

lymph vessels, loose connective tissue, and fat; it allows femoral vein to expand during increase venous return

Question 8

What is the femoral ring?

Answer 8

the proximal opening of the femoral canal (1cm wide); covered by parietal peritoneum

Question 9

What is a femoral hernia?

Answer 9

a weak area (femoral ring) in the anterior abdominal wall where a loop of small intestine can protrude into the femoral canal

Question 10

What is the difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 10

A direct hernia is due to weakness in the abdominal wall behind or lateral to the superficial Inguinal ring

An indirect hernia follows the spermatic cord through the deep and superficial Inguinal rings and Inguinal canal into scrotum

Question 11

Where do inguinal lymph nodes drain lymph from?

Answer 11

lower limb, perineum and parts of anal canal, anterior abdominal wall (up to umbilicus)

Question 12

What are the two groups of inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 12

superficial and deep

Question 13

What are the two types of superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 13

proximal (horizontal) and distal (vertical)

Question 14

Where is the femoral nerve (L2-L4) and what does it innervate?

Answer 14

it is lateral to the midpoint of inguinal ligament (lateral to femoral vessels) and it innervates anterior thigh muscles, hip and knee joints

Question 15

What are the muscles innervated by the femoral nerve?

Answer 15

iliacus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris, pectineus

Question 16

What is meralgia paresthetica?

Answer 16

compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under inguinal ligament; causes pain along lateral thigh

Question 17

What is the saphenous nerve? What does it innervate?

Answer 17

a cutaneous branch that accompanies femoral vessels; it supplies the skin of anterior and medial knee and leg and the medial foot

Question 18

What is the adductor canal?

Answer 18

an intermuscular passage or fascial tunnel that begins at the femoral triangle apex and ends at the adductor hiatus.

Question 19

What exits through the medial side of the adductor canal?

Answer 19

saphenous nerve and branch of descending genicular artery

Question 20

What is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 20

an opening in tendon of adductor magnus; femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa via this arch way

Question 21

What is the chief arterial supply for the lower limb?

Answer 21

the femoral artery

Question 22

what is the largest branch of the femoral artery?

Answer 22

profunda femoris artery

Question 23

what is the main blood supply to the femoral head and neck?

Answer 23

medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 24

what supplies the lateral thigh muscles and femur head?

Answer 24

lateral circumflex femoral artery

Question 25

What are the three branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

Answer 25

ascending, transverse and descending

Question 26

What are the clinical importances of the great saphenous vein?

Answer 26

it can be used to administer blood, electrolytes, drugs, etc. and for coronary bypass surgery