Joints Flashcards
Functions of joints
Hold the skeletal bones together
Allows the skeleton some flexibility so gross movement can occur
Make bone growth possible
What is the structural classification based off for joints
Presence/Absence of synovial cavity
The type of connective tissue that binds the bones together
Joint classification of Fibrous
No synovial cavity
No movement at all
Also called Suture joints
Held together by fibrous connective tissue
Joint classification of Cartilaginous
No joint cavity
Held together by cartilage
Some movement e.g movement of lower jaw, movement in the pelvic symphysis and between vertebrae
Joint classification of Synovial
Have a synovial cavity with synovial fluid
Surrounded by a capsule and ligaments
Allow lots of movement
6 Types of synovial joints
Pivot Joint
Ball-and-Socket joint
Hinge joint
Ellipsoid joint
Saddle joint
Gliding joint
What is a hinge joint
Movement in one plane only
Examples of a hinge joint
Elbow, Knee
What is a ball and socket joint
Movement in all planes
Example of a ball and socket joint
Shoulder, hip
What is a pivot joint
Movement around an axis
Examples of a pivot joint
Rotation of the head
What is a saddle joint
Saddle shaped bones that fit into eachother, Side to side and back and forth motions but limited rotation
Example of a saddle joint
Base of a thumb
What is a condyloid (Ellipsoid) joint
Where a round surface fits into a hollow
Example of an ellipsoid joint
Wrist, Ankle, Jaw
What is a giding/plane joint
Flat surfaces that glide over eachother
Examples of gliding/plane joints
Intercarpals, intertarsals
What causes osteoarthritis
Age-related - more common in women
Most common over 50 yrs
Strain or injury to a joint
More likely in overweight individuals
Symptoms of osteoarthritis
Inflammation of joint
Pain
Thinning of cartilage
Increased friction of bones at articulating surfaces
Bony spurs grow in response
Reduced mobility of joints
The movements of joints
Tendons attach muscle to bone
Muscles shorten when they contract and this pulls on the bones
Muscles can only pull on bones - They do not push them
Muscles have to act in antagonistic pairs
