Bio chem intro Flashcards
What are the 4 big macromolecules
Carbs, Lipids, Protein, nucleic acid
2 types of nucleic acid
DNA (DeoxyriboNucleicAcid) RNA (RiboNucleicAcid)
Roles of carbs
Provide energy
Energy Storage
Provide Strength
What are enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
Example of what would happen without enzymes
Food would rot in your stomach because it would take too long to be broken down
Jobs of proteins:
Antibodies to fight proteins.
Muscles that are made of proteins.
Enzymes that control cell reactions.
Hormones such as insulin.
Structural proteins e.g collagen.
Transport e.g Haemoglobin.
What are hormones
Chemicals made in glands that are in one place in body then put in blood to be used in others
What is cell membrane made of
Protein and lipids
Why are lipids important
Great source of stored energy.
Insulate the body.
Cushion the internal organs for protection.
Produce hormones for the body (Steroids).
Waterproof surfaces of animals, plants, fruits.
Forming cell membranes.
What does nucleic acid do
Molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction
What does a Nucleotide consist of
A nitrogeneous base a pentose sugar and phosphate group
What are the two types of nitrogen bases in nucleotides
Purines (Adenine + guanine)
Pyrimidines (cytosine + Thymine + Uracil)
What are two related pentose sugars
RNA contains RIBOSE
DNA contains DEOXYRIBOSE
What are the sugars carbon atoms numbered with
Primes to distinguish them from the nitrogen bases
