Cell structure Flashcards
What is modern cell theory
A cell is the basic unit of life on Earth
Every living thing is made up of one or more cells
All cells come from other cells by cell division
Features of prokaryotic cells
Include all bacteria
Cells lack a nucleus
Cells lack membrane bound organelles
Features of Eukaryotic cells
Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells are found in animals, plants, fungi and many single – celled organisms
What do organelles have
Each organelle has its own, distinct functions, which allows for compartmentalization
Features of organelles
Found only inside eukaryotic cells
Cytoplasm is everything inside the cell (bound by membrane), except the nucleus
It includes all organelles and all the space in between that is filled with cytosol
Cytosol fills out the space between organelles
What is a cell membrane
Boundary of cell, controls movement of substances in/out of the cells
Whats the nucleus
Control center of the cell, contains DNA packaged as chromatin, this forms chromosomes. Surrounded by double membrane with pores in it. usually one per cell
Whats an endoplasmic Recticulum
Highway of the cell, involved in synthesis and transport of cells
Whats a rough ER
Has ribosomes on its surface, makes and transports proteins
whats smooth ER
no ribosomes, makes and transports lipids
Whats ribosome
Site of protein synthesis, attached to rough ER or floating in cytosol, produced in part of nucleus called nucleolus
Whats golgi apparatus
Stack of flattened cavities called cisternae. Stores, modifies and packages cavities. Molecules transported to and from the golgi by vesicles.
Whats a lysosomes
Dustbins of the cell
What do lysosomes do
Contain digestive enzymes to break down any unwanted substance, can remove chemicals, toxins, old organelles, and even whole cells.
Whats a mitochondria
Power house of the cell, Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use.
Structure of mitochondria?
Bound by a double membrane, Has its own strand of DNA
Whats a cytoskeleton
Network of protein fibres that act as a skeleton in the cell.
Function of cytoskeleton
Provides shape and structure, Helps move organelles and vesicles around the cell
Structure of cytoskeleton
Made of three types of filaments
What does a centriole do
Aids in cell division by coordinating nucleation and growth of microtubules
Where is centriole found
Found in all eukaryotes except higher plants
Structure of centriole
Made of microtubules
Whats flagella
1 or 2 single long hair like structures are flagella, whip from side to side for movement
whats cillia
Lots of small hair like structures, beat in a mexican wave to create wafting movement.
Structure of flagella and cillia
inside they contain microtubles in 9+2 arrangement
Whats chloroplast
Site of glucose production, Bound by double membrane, contains chlorophyll
Whats cell wall
Rigid barrier, prevents osmotic Lysis, outside cell membrane, made of fiber
Whats vacuole
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments etc
