Joints Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

what are the 3 joints that make up the elbow?

A
  1. humeroradial joint
  2. humeroulnar joint
  3. radioulnar joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the articulation of the humeroradial joint?

A

capitulum of humerus + head of radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the degrees of freedom (movement) of the humeroradial joint?

A

flexion, extension, pronation, supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what ligament attaches the humeroradial joint?

A

radial collateral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

description of radial collateral ligament?

what happens if it is torn?

A

fan like, strong
extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus

if torn: arm adducts uncontrollably
tennis elbow: inflammation of this ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the articulation of the humeroulnar joint?

A

trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the degrees of freedom (movement) of the humeroulnar joint?

A

flexion + extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what ligament attaches the humeroulnar joint?

A

medial ulnar collateral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

description of medial ulnar ligament?

what happens if it is torn?

A

has 3 bands:

  1. anterior cord-like band (strongest)
  2. posterior fan-like band (weakest)
  3. oblique band

if torn: abnormal abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the articulation of the radioulnar joint?

A

head of radius, radial notch of ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the degrees of freedom (movement) of the radioulnar joint?

A

pronation + supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what ligaments attach the radioulnar joint?

A
  1. anular ligament

2. oblique cord of interosseus membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how is the anular liigament injured?

A

pulled elbow: head of radius escaped from this lig.

Occurs mostly in children bc lig isn’t fully developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how stable is the elbow joint?

how is it usually damaged in adults?

A

Very stable + strong, dislocation usually due to fractures

Fracturing olecranon affects trochlear notch + elbow joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the articulation of the AC joint?

what is the articulation covered by?

A

acromium process of the arcomion and the acromial end of the clavicle

articulating surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage and are separated by wedge-shaped articular disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the degrees of freedom (movement) of the AC joint?

A

sliding and accomodatory movements from articulation of clavicle with sternum + movement of scalpula

17
Q

what are the ligaments of the AC joint?

A
  1. acromiclavicular ligament

2. coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid + coracoid separated by bursa)

18
Q

what occurs when acromioclavicular ligament is damaged?

what is an example of this?

A

acromioclavicular subluxation aka shoulder separation: damage to this lig during downward displacement of the clavicle

ex: high school football player tackling with shoulder

19
Q

What is the articulation of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenoid foss or glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus

20
Q

what are the degrees of freedom (movement) of the glenohumeral joint?

A

external + internal rotation, flexion + extension, adduction + abduction

lots of movement making it unstable

21
Q

what is a carrying angle?

A

angle of fully extended ulna with long axis of humerus

more pronounced in women to clear hips

22
Q

what is the nerve supply to the elbow?

A

musculocutaneous, radial + ulnar nerve

23
Q

what are the bursae of the elbow?

A
  1. Intratendinous olecranon bursae (in tendon of triceps)
  2. subtendinous olecranon bursae
  3. subcutaneous olecranon bursae
  4. non olecranon: bicipitoradial bursae
24
Q

what are the muscles of the elbow?

A

brachialis
biceps brachii
triceps brachii

25
what kind of joint is the elbow?
synovial joint
26
What type of joint is the AC joint?
plane joint
27
what is the nerve supply of the AC joint?
lateral pectoral and axillary nerves | also cutaneous lateral supraclavicular nerve
28
what kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
ball and socket synovial joint
29
what covers the glenohumeral joint?
hyaline cartilage1
30
what muscles surround this joint?
rotator cuff muscles... 1) Supraspinatus 2) Infraspinatus 3) teres minor 4) subscapularis biceps brachii weakly hold head of humerus in scapula
31
what ligaments hold the glenohumeral joint together?
1. Glenohumeral Ligaments 2. Coracohumeral Ligament 3. Transverse Humeral Ligament 4. coracoacromial arch
32
what are the muscles of the glenohumeral joint?
scapulohumeral muscles | Axio appendicular muscles act indirectly
33
what is the innervation of the glenohumeral joint?
Suprascapular, axillary and lateral pectoral nerves
34
what is the bursae of the glenohumeral joint?
1. Subtendinous Bursa of Subscapularis (protects subscalpularis tendon) 2. Subacromial Bursa (helps supraspinatus tendon move)
35
How does injury to SITS muscles occur?
often happens to pitchers, head of humerus pops out
36
how does subacromial bursitis occur?
calcium deposits | normally found alongside supraspinatus tendonitis
37
what are the ways the shoulder can become dislocated? | what are the complications?
1. anterior dislocation: head of humerus pops out inferior to coracoid process • Complications: axillary nerve ruptured, affecting deltoid + teres minor. Wont be able to abduct arm fully (only 15 degrees). 2. posterior dislocation: Very rare • Complications: none bc no nerves