Joints Flashcards
(37 cards)
what are the 3 joints that make up the elbow?
- humeroradial joint
- humeroulnar joint
- radioulnar joint
what is the articulation of the humeroradial joint?
capitulum of humerus + head of radius
what are the degrees of freedom (movement) of the humeroradial joint?
flexion, extension, pronation, supination
what ligament attaches the humeroradial joint?
radial collateral ligament
description of radial collateral ligament?
what happens if it is torn?
fan like, strong
extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus
if torn: arm adducts uncontrollably
tennis elbow: inflammation of this ligament
what is the articulation of the humeroulnar joint?
trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna
what are the degrees of freedom (movement) of the humeroulnar joint?
flexion + extension
what ligament attaches the humeroulnar joint?
medial ulnar collateral ligament
description of medial ulnar ligament?
what happens if it is torn?
has 3 bands:
- anterior cord-like band (strongest)
- posterior fan-like band (weakest)
- oblique band
if torn: abnormal abduction
what is the articulation of the radioulnar joint?
head of radius, radial notch of ulna
what are the degrees of freedom (movement) of the radioulnar joint?
pronation + supination
what ligaments attach the radioulnar joint?
- anular ligament
2. oblique cord of interosseus membrane
how is the anular liigament injured?
pulled elbow: head of radius escaped from this lig.
Occurs mostly in children bc lig isn’t fully developed
how stable is the elbow joint?
how is it usually damaged in adults?
Very stable + strong, dislocation usually due to fractures
Fracturing olecranon affects trochlear notch + elbow joint
what is the articulation of the AC joint?
what is the articulation covered by?
acromium process of the arcomion and the acromial end of the clavicle
articulating surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage and are separated by wedge-shaped articular disc
what is the degrees of freedom (movement) of the AC joint?
sliding and accomodatory movements from articulation of clavicle with sternum + movement of scalpula
what are the ligaments of the AC joint?
- acromiclavicular ligament
2. coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid + coracoid separated by bursa)
what occurs when acromioclavicular ligament is damaged?
what is an example of this?
acromioclavicular subluxation aka shoulder separation: damage to this lig during downward displacement of the clavicle
ex: high school football player tackling with shoulder
What is the articulation of the glenohumeral joint?
glenoid foss or glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus
what are the degrees of freedom (movement) of the glenohumeral joint?
external + internal rotation, flexion + extension, adduction + abduction
lots of movement making it unstable
what is a carrying angle?
angle of fully extended ulna with long axis of humerus
more pronounced in women to clear hips
what is the nerve supply to the elbow?
musculocutaneous, radial + ulnar nerve
what are the bursae of the elbow?
- Intratendinous olecranon bursae (in tendon of triceps)
- subtendinous olecranon bursae
- subcutaneous olecranon bursae
- non olecranon: bicipitoradial bursae
what are the muscles of the elbow?
brachialis
biceps brachii
triceps brachii