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OT Anatomy > Chapter 1: Basic Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Basic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

regional anatomy

A

studying body’s structure by focusing attention on specific part, area, region, examining the relationship of structures then studying adjacent structures

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2
Q

surface anatomy

A

what lies under skin and what is palpable (felt) at rest + in action through physical examination

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3
Q

what are the systems of systemic anatomy?

A
  1. integumentary: skin + its appendages
  2. skeletal: bones + cartilage
  3. articular: joints + ligaments
    4: muscular: skeletal, smooth or cardiac muscles
  4. nervous: CNS, PNS
  5. circulatory: cardiovascular+ limphatic system
  6. digestive
  7. endocrine
  8. respiratory
  9. urinary
  10. genital
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4
Q

clinical anatomy

A

body function and structure in the practice of medicine

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5
Q

what is anatomical positioning?

A

body upright with head forward, palms facing anterior, lower limbs with feet parallel

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6
Q

3 anatomical planes

A
  1. transverse (axial): superior + inferior
  2. sagittal: right + left
  3. coronal (frontal): anterior + posterior
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7
Q

what is fascia?

A

wrapping + insulating materials for deep structures

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8
Q

what is deep fascia?

A

dense CT layer with no fat found below subcutaneous tissue

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9
Q

what is investing fascia?

A

extensions of deep fascia like individual muscles and neurovascular bundles

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10
Q

what are found in fascial compartments?

A

group of muscles with similar fx’s sharing same nerve supply with the ability to contain or spread infection or tumor

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11
Q

what is an intermuscular septa?

A

thick sheets of deep fascia separating facial compartments and attaching to bones

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12
Q

What is a retinaculum?

A

thickening in fascia that holds tendons in place where they cross joints during flexion + extension

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13
Q

What is the subserous fascia?

A

btwn musculoskeletal walls + serous membranes lining body cavities

  • endothoracic
  • endoabdominal
  • endopelvic fascias
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14
Q

what is bursae?

A

collapsed sacs of serous membrane that secretes lubricating fluid to prevent friction + allowing structure to move freely over another

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15
Q

types of bursae

A
  1. subcutaneous: in subcut. tissue btwn skin + bony area
  2. subfascial: below deep fascia
  3. subtendinous: allow movement of tendons ove bone
  4. synovial tendon sheath: elongated, encloses tendons for anchoring
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16
Q

bursae: visceral vs. parietal layers

A

visceral: inner layer of serous sac
parietal: outer layer of serous sac

both moistened to allow movement

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17
Q

what makes up the axial skeleton?

A

bones of head, neck, trunk

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18
Q

what makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

bones of limbs including shoulder and pelvic girdle

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19
Q

what is cartilage?

A

resilient avascular CT that forms parts of skeleton where flexibility is required

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20
Q

what is articular cartilage

A

cartilage found where bones articulate

provides smooth gliding surfaces for movement

21
Q

how does cartilage obtain nutrients?

A

through diffusion

22
Q

what is bone? what does it do?

A

specialized CT that provide

  1. support
  2. protection
  3. movement
  4. storage (salts)
  5. supply of blood cells (marrow)
23
Q

what is the periosteum of bone?

A

fibrous CT covering bone that nourishes and is a place for attachment of tendons and ligaments

24
Q

what is the perichondrium of bone?

A

fibrous CT covering cartilage

25
Q

what are the 2 types of bone?

A
  1. compact: superficial thin layer

2: spongy: inner layer with spicules (trabeculae)

26
Q

bones with medullary cavities contain what?

A

yelow (fatty) or red (blood and platelet forming) bone marrow or both

27
Q

how do the proportions of compact and spongy bone vary for each bone?

A

compact bone provides strength so its amount is greatest where bone bears most weight

28
Q

what is the classification of bones?

A
  1. long bones: tubular
  2. flat bones: protective
  3. irregular bones: diff shape
  4. sesamoid: found where tendons cross long bones
29
Q

where are bone markings found?

A

where tendons, ligaments, + fascias are attached or where arteries lie near bones

30
Q

bone marking: capitulum

A

small, round articular head

ex: capitulum of humerus

31
Q

bone marking: condyle

A

round, knuckle-like articular area

ex: lateral + medial femoral condyles

32
Q

bone marking: crest

A

ridge of bone

ex: iliac crest

33
Q

bone marking: epicondyle

A

eminence superior or adjacent to condyle

ex: lateral epicondyle of humerus

34
Q

bone marking: facet

A

smooth flat area usually covered with cartilage where bone articulates with bone
ex: superior costal facet of vertebra articulating with rib

35
Q

bone marking: foramen

A

passage through bone

ex: obturator foramen

36
Q

bone marking: fossa

A

hollow or depressed area

ex: infraspinous fossa of scalpula

37
Q

bone marking: groove

A

elongated depression

ex: radial groove of humerus

38
Q

bone marking: head

A

large, round articular end

ex: head of humerus

39
Q

bone marking: line

A

linear elevation

ex: soleal line of tibia

40
Q

bone marking: malleolus

A

rounded process

ex: lateral malleolus of fibula

41
Q

bone marking: notch

A

indentation at edge of bone

ex: greater sciatic notch

42
Q

bone marking: protuberance

A

projection of bone

ex: external occipital protuberance

43
Q

bone marking: spine

A

thorn-like process

ex: spine of scalpula

44
Q

bone marking: spinous process

A

projecting spine-like part

ex: spinous process of vertebra

45
Q

bone marking: trochanter

A

large, blunt elevation

ex: greater trochanter of femur

46
Q

bone marking: trochlea

A

spool-like articular process (pulley)

ex: trochlea of humerus

47
Q

bone marking: tubercle

A

small raised eminence

ex: greater tubercle of humerus

48
Q

bone marking: tuberosity

A

large rounded elevation

ex: ischial tuberosity

OT Anatomy (16 decks)

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