Joint Structure and Function

Question 0

in a blank kinematic chain, blank joint segment is fixed from moving while blank segments are allowed to move on this stable blank segment

Answer 0

closed, distal, proximal, distal

Question 1

in a blank kinematic chain, blank joint segment is free to move while blank segment provides stability

Answer 1

open, distal, proximal

Question 2

structure of human joints determines blank of the joint

Answer 2

function

Question 3

development of all anatomical tissues also determined in part by the blank applied to the tissues

Answer 3

stresses

Question 4

agonist (effort) is always the blank vector in a fbd

Answer 4

longest

Question 5

stability joints usually have blank designs with blank degrees of freedom

Answer 5

simple, one

Question 6

most joint must serve a blank and blank function to different degrees

Answer 6

mobility, stability

Question 7

two broad categories of arthroses (joints)

Answer 7

synarthroses, diarthroses

Question 8

connections made via fibrous or cartilaginous connective tissue in these joints

Answer 8

synarthroses

Question 9

three fibrous joints

Answer 9

syndesmoses, gomphoses, sutures

Question 10

fibrous joint where bone is united via collagenous sutural ligament or membrane

Answer 10

sutures

Question 11

sutures only occur in blank

Answer 11

skull

Question 12

fibrous joint where surfaces are a peg in a whole…. only teeth

Answer 12

gomphoses

Question 13

fibrous joint where bones joined directly by an interosseous ligament

Answer 13

syndesmosis

Question 14

two types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 14

symphyses, synchondreses

Question 15

symphysis joint is a blank cartilaginous joint covered by thin blank of blank cartilage and directly jointed by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or pads

Answer 15

secondary, lamina, hyaline

Question 16

synchondrosis is a blank cartilaginous joint where blank cartilage joins the surfaces and permits growth and forms a bond at the ossifying center

Answer 16

primary, hyaline

Question 17

example of synchondrosis joint

Answer 17

1st rib and sternum

Question 18

two types of synarthroses

Answer 18

fibrous, cartilaginous

Question 19

joints where ends of bony components are free to move and no connective tissue directly attaches to bones but has a joint capsule

Answer 19

diarthroses

Question 20

two layers of joint capsule

Answer 20

stratum fibrosum, stratum synovium

Question 21

outer layer of joint capsule that is type 1 collagen and poorly vascularized but richly innervated

Answer 21

stratum fibrosum

Question 22

inner layer of joint capsule that has synovial fluid production and is highly vascularized and richly innervated

Answer 22

stratum synovium

Question 23

thin film that covers inner layer of joint capsule (stratum synovium) and Articular cartilage

Answer 23

synovial fluid

Question 24

synovial fluid reduced friction between blank

Answer 24

bony surfaces

Question 25

synovial fluid nourishes the blank

Answer 25

articular cartilage

Question 26

synovial fluid is like blood plasma but it has these two things

Answer 26

hyaluronic acid, lubricin (glycoprotein)

Question 27

responsible for viscosity of synovial fluid and reduction of friction

Answer 27

hyaluronic acid

Question 28

responsible for cartilage on cartilage lubrication in synovial fluid

Answer 28

lubricin

Question 29

viscosity varies blank with joint velocity or rate of shear

Answer 29

inversely

Question 30

property of synovial fluid that means semi solid fluid state

Answer 30

thixotropic

Question 31

rapid joint movement means viscosity blank

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

slow movement means blank viscosity which causes blank resistance to motion

Answer 32

increases, more

Question 33

1 plane of motion around 1 axis

Answer 33

uniaxial

Question 34

two types of uniaxial diarthrodial joints

Answer 34

hinge, trochoid (pivot)

Question 35

trochoid means blank joint

Answer 35

pivot

Question 36

pivot joint example

Answer 36

median atlantoaxial joint

Question 37

any joint with one surface convex while the other is concave

Answer 37

ovoid

Question 38

hinge joint example

Answer 38

humeroulnar

Question 39

two biaxial diarthrodial joints

Answer 39

condyloid, saddle

Question 40

concave and convex surfaces slide over one another in 2 directions

Answer 40

condyloid joints

Question 41

condyloid joint example

Answer 41

metacarpalphalangeal joint

Question 42

joint where each joint surface is both convex in 1 plane and concave the other

Answer 42

saddle joint

Question 43

saddle joint example

Answer 43

sc joint

Question 44

two triaxial diarthrodial joints

Answer 44

plane, ball and socket

Question 45

triaxial joint that is a variety of surface configurations and permit gliding between two or more bones

Answer 45

plane

Question 46

convex ball and concave socket joint

Answer 46

ball and socket

Question 47

motions of most synovial joints are typically measured with a blank

Answer 47

goniometer

Question 48

movement of joint surfaces in relation to one another

Answer 48

arthrokinematics

Question 49

arthrokinematics is looked at in pt by joint blank assessment

Answer 49

play

Question 50

occurs in the direction of osteokinematic motion

Answer 50

roll

Question 51

skate on ice or intervertebral facet joint motion osteokinematic motion

Answer 51

glide

Question 52

marble spinning on table/radius on capitulum osteokinematic motion

Answer 52

spin

Question 53

when a blank articular surface moves on a relatively stationary blank surface, blank movement of the surface occur in the same direction

Answer 53

concave, convex, roll and slide

Question 54

joint in the frontal plane... the only motion that occurs are blank

Answer 54

superior/inferior

Question 55

joint moving in the sagittal plane can be described as blank

Answer 55

anterior/posterior

Question 56

joint moving in transverse plane motions are blank

Answer 56

medial/lateral

Question 58

convex surface moving on a concave surface - roll and slide occur in blank

Answer 58

opposite direction

Question 59

component of muscle force that is the part of a force that produces motion and is the y vector

Answer 59

rotary

Question 60

part of a force that approximates the joint surfaces and is the x component

Answer 60

compressive