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PT 506 Kinesio / Biomechanics > Joint Structure and Function > Flashcards

Joint Structure and Function Flashcards

0
Q

in a blank kinematic chain, blank joint segment is fixed from moving while blank segments are allowed to move on this stable blank segment

A

closed, distal, proximal, distal

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1
Q

in a blank kinematic chain, blank joint segment is free to move while blank segment provides stability

A

open, distal, proximal

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2
Q

structure of human joints determines blank of the joint

A

function

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3
Q

development of all anatomical tissues also determined in part by the blank applied to the tissues

A

stresses

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4
Q

agonist (effort) is always the blank vector in a fbd

A

longest

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5
Q

stability joints usually have blank designs with blank degrees of freedom

A

simple, one

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6
Q

most joint must serve a blank and blank function to different degrees

A

mobility, stability

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7
Q

two broad categories of arthroses (joints)

A

synarthroses, diarthroses

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8
Q

connections made via fibrous or cartilaginous connective tissue in these joints

A

synarthroses

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9
Q

three fibrous joints

A

syndesmoses, gomphoses, sutures

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10
Q

fibrous joint where bone is united via collagenous sutural ligament or membrane

A

sutures

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11
Q

sutures only occur in blank

A

skull

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12
Q

fibrous joint where surfaces are a peg in a whole…. only teeth

A

gomphoses

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13
Q

fibrous joint where bones joined directly by an interosseous ligament

A

syndesmosis

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14
Q

two types of cartilaginous joints

A

symphyses, synchondreses

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15
Q

symphysis joint is a blank cartilaginous joint covered by thin blank of blank cartilage and directly jointed by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or pads

A

secondary, lamina, hyaline

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16
Q

synchondrosis is a blank cartilaginous joint where blank cartilage joins the surfaces and permits growth and forms a bond at the ossifying center

A

primary, hyaline

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17
Q

example of synchondrosis joint

A

1st rib and sternum

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18
Q

two types of synarthroses

A

fibrous, cartilaginous

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19
Q

joints where ends of bony components are free to move and no connective tissue directly attaches to bones but has a joint capsule

A

diarthroses

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20
Q

two layers of joint capsule

A

stratum fibrosum, stratum synovium

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21
Q

outer layer of joint capsule that is type 1 collagen and poorly vascularized but richly innervated

A

stratum fibrosum

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22
Q

inner layer of joint capsule that has synovial fluid production and is highly vascularized and richly innervated

A

stratum synovium

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23
Q

thin film that covers inner layer of joint capsule (stratum synovium) and Articular cartilage

A

synovial fluid

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24
Q

synovial fluid reduced friction between blank

A

bony surfaces

25
Q

synovial fluid nourishes the blank

A

articular cartilage

26
Q

synovial fluid is like blood plasma but it has these two things

A

hyaluronic acid, lubricin (glycoprotein)

27
Q

responsible for viscosity of synovial fluid and reduction of friction

A

hyaluronic acid

28
Q

responsible for cartilage on cartilage lubrication in synovial fluid

A

lubricin

29
Q

viscosity varies blank with joint velocity or rate of shear

A

inversely

30
Q

property of synovial fluid that means semi solid fluid state

A

thixotropic

31
Q

rapid joint movement means viscosity blank

A

decreases

32
Q

slow movement means blank viscosity which causes blank resistance to motion

A

increases, more

33
Q

1 plane of motion around 1 axis

A

uniaxial

34
Q

two types of uniaxial diarthrodial joints

A

hinge, trochoid (pivot)

35
Q

trochoid means blank joint

A

pivot

36
Q

pivot joint example

A

median atlantoaxial joint

37
Q

any joint with one surface convex while the other is concave

A

ovoid

38
Q

hinge joint example

A

humeroulnar

39
Q

two biaxial diarthrodial joints

A

condyloid, saddle

40
Q

concave and convex surfaces slide over one another in 2 directions

A

condyloid joints

41
Q

condyloid joint example

A

metacarpalphalangeal joint

42
Q

joint where each joint surface is both convex in 1 plane and concave the other

A

saddle joint

43
Q

saddle joint example

A

sc joint

44
Q

two triaxial diarthrodial joints

A

plane, ball and socket

45
Q

triaxial joint that is a variety of surface configurations and permit gliding between two or more bones

A

plane

46
Q

convex ball and concave socket joint

A

ball and socket

47
Q

motions of most synovial joints are typically measured with a blank

A

goniometer

48
Q

movement of joint surfaces in relation to one another

A

arthrokinematics

49
Q

arthrokinematics is looked at in pt by joint blank assessment

A

play

50
Q

occurs in the direction of osteokinematic motion

A

roll

51
Q

skate on ice or intervertebral facet joint motion osteokinematic motion

A

glide

52
Q

marble spinning on table/radius on capitulum osteokinematic motion

A

spin

53
Q

when a blank articular surface moves on a relatively stationary blank surface, blank movement of the surface occur in the same direction

A

concave, convex, roll and slide

54
Q

joint in the frontal plane… the only motion that occurs are blank

A

superior/inferior

55
Q

joint moving in the sagittal plane can be described as blank

A

anterior/posterior

56
Q

joint moving in transverse plane motions are blank

A

medial/lateral

58
Q

convex surface moving on a concave surface - roll and slide occur in blank

A

opposite direction

59
Q

component of muscle force that is the part of a force that produces motion and is the y vector

A

rotary

60
Q

part of a force that approximates the joint surfaces and is the x component

A

compressive

PT 506 Kinesio / Biomechanics (14 decks)

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