Biomechanical Standing Posture Analysis

Question 1

having bones, capsules, and ligaments are inert so they are the most blank stability structures

Answer 1

energy efficient

Question 2

most important postural muscle in leg

Answer 2

soleus

Question 3

maintaining stability of the body in response to forces placed on it

Answer 3

postural control

Question 4

postural control is both blank and blank

Answer 4

sensory, mechanical

Question 5

postural control needs blank such as CNS, visual, vestibular, musculoskeletal

Answer 5

multi system contribution

Question 6

two responses of postural control

Answer 6

reactive (compensatory), proactive (anticipatory)

Question 7

task specific and vary with magnitude, velocity, and direction of force and initial posture of individual at time

Answer 7

postural strategies/synergies

Question 8

grfv stands for

Answer 8

gravity reaction force vector

Question 9

grfv and gravity =

Answer 9

line of gravity

Question 10

point of application of grfv is at blank

Answer 10

center of pressure

Question 11

line of gravity directly through joint axis causes blank torque

Answer 11

zero

Question 12

if line of gravity is anterior to joint axis, the blank is anterior motion of the blank segment

Answer 12

moment, proximal

Question 13

constantly changing blank postural sway

Answer 13

2 degree

Question 14

plumbline represents blank

Answer 14

line of gravity

Question 15

line of gravity of ankle is anterior to blank

Answer 15

lateral malleolus

Question 16

the blank counteracts a dorsiflexion moment

Answer 16

soleus

Question 17

a blank structure counteracts a moment

Answer 17

check rein

Question 18

normal line of gravity of knee is blank to the axis

Answer 18

anterior

Question 19

there is a blank moment at the knee normally

Answer 19

extension

Question 20

the counteracting structure of extension of the knee in normal standing position is a flexion moment at the blank

Answer 20

posterior capsule

Question 21

line of gravity is blank to the axis of the hip (greater trochanter)

Answer 21

posterior

Question 22

gravity causes a blank moment at the pelvis

Answer 22

extension

Question 23

what counteracts gravity at the pelvis

Answer 23

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

Question 24

line of gravity is blank to axis of si joint

Answer 24

anterior

Question 25

nutation is the same as blank but for si joint

Answer 25

flexion

Question 26

there is a blank moment at the si joint

Answer 26

nutation

Question 27

lumbar spine has a blank line of gravity normally

Answer 27

posterior

Question 28

there is a slight blank moment at the lumbar spine

Answer 28

extension

Question 29

lumbar spine extension moment is counteracted by blank

Answer 29

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 30

thoracic spine has a blank line of gravity normally

Answer 30

anterior

Question 31

there is a blank moment at the thoracic spine

Answer 31

flexion

Question 32

two counteracters of flexion of thoracic spine

Answer 32

posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamenta flava

Question 33

cervical spine has a blank line of gravity normally

Answer 33

posterior

Question 34

there is a blank moment at the cervical spine

Answer 34

extension

Question 35

counteracter of flexion of cervical spine

Answer 35

ALL

Question 36

oa and aa joints has a blank line of gravity normally

Answer 36

anterior

Question 37

there is a blank moment at the oa and aa joint

Answer 37

flexion

Question 38

counteracter of flexion of cervical spine

Answer 38

tectorial membrane

Question 39

forward head (protrusion) creates increased blank of upper cervical and increased blank of lower cervical

Answer 39

lordosis (extension), kyphosis (flexion)

Question 40

rounded shoulders caused by blank and blank of scapula

Answer 40

abduction, downward rotation