JH IM Board Review - Acute and Chronic Liver Disease III Flashcards
Liver diseases of pregnancy (6):
- Hyperemesis gravidarum.
- Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
- Preeclampsia/eclampsia.
- HELLP syndrome (subset of severe preeclampsia).
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
- Hepatic rupture.
Hyperemesis gravidarum - Symptoms/signs:
- Intractable N/V.
2. Dehydration in 1st trimester.
Hyperemesis gravidarum - Labs:
- Bil up to 5x normal.
2. AST/ALT rarely 20x normal.
Hyperemesis gravidarum - Tx:
- Antiemetics.
2. IV hydration.
Hyperemesis gravidarum - Mortality risk: Mother/fetus:
-/- (resolves spontaneously).
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - Symptoms/signs:
- Pruritus.
- Jaundice.
- Steatorrhea in 2nd and 3rd trimester.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - Labs:
- Bil up to 5x normal.
- AST/ALT up to 20x normal.
- Bile acid up to 100x normal.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - Tx:
- UDCA.
- Dexamethasone.
==> Deliver if fetal distress.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - Mortality risk: Mother/fetus:
-/Low.
Preeclampsia/eclampsia - Symptoms/signs:
- HTN.
- Edema.
- Proteinuria.
- Seizures/coma in late 2nd or 3rd trimester.
Preeclampsia/eclampsia - Labs:
- Bil <5mg/dL.
2. AST/ALT up to 10 to 20x normal.
Preeclampsia/eclampsia - Tx:
- Tx HTN and edema.
- MgSO4.
- Deliver in severe cases.
Preeclampsia/eclampsia - Mortality risk: Mother/fetus:
+/Low.
HELLP syndrome - Symptoms/signs:
- RUQ pain.
- N/V.
- HTN.
- Edema.
- Proteinuria in late 2nd/3rd trimester or postpartum period.
HELLP syndrome - Labs:
- AST/ALT up to 10 to 20x normal.
- Low haptoglobin.
- LDH >600 U/L.
- Platelets <100K.
HELLP syndrome - Tx:
Delivery.
HELLP syndrome - Mortality risk: Mother/fetus:
+/+.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy - Symptoms/signs:
- RUQ pain.
- N/V.
- Fatigue.
- Jaundice.
- Ascites.
- Encephalopathy.
- Renal failure in 3rd trimester.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy - Labs:
- Bil commonly <5mg/dL, but HIGHER in severe disease.
- AST/ALT up to 1000.
- Hyperammonemia.
- Azotemia.
- Hypoglycemia.
- DIC can develop.
Acute fatty liver of pregancy - Tx:
Delivery.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy - Mortality risk: Mother/fetus:
+/+.
Hepatic rupture - Symptoms/signs:
- Severe abdominal pain.
2. Shock in 3rd trimester.
Hepatic rupture - Labs:
Variable.
Hepatic rupture - Tx:
Immediate surgery.
Hepatic rupture - Mortality risk: Mother/fetus:
+/+.
HCV - Virus info:
Heterogeneous RNA virus with at least 6 major genotypes.
HCV - Genotypes vary with geographic distribution?
- Genotype 1 ==> North/South Americas, Australia, Europe.
- Genotype 4 ==> Middle East and Egypt.
- Genotype 5 ==> South Africa.
- Genotype 6 ==> Southeast Asia.