FA - Key Associations Flashcards
1
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer –> Incr. intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion.
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer –> Greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa.
3
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions - Crohn.
4
Q
Dissecting aneurysm
A
HTN
5
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta.
A
Atherosclerosis
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch.
A
3o syphilis –> syphilitic aortitis –> vasa vasorum destruction.
7
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy –> Thiamine deficiency causing ataxia + ophthalmoplegia + confusion.
8
Q
Autosplenectomy (Fibrosis + shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (HbS).
9
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, stomach cancer
A
H.pylori
10
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
S.pneumoniae
11
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B strep/ E.coli (newborns)
S.pneumoniae/N.meningitidis (kids)
12
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus - most common in 1st two decades.
13
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome –> Defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor.
14
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial –> Metastasis > Astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > Meningioma > Schwannoma.
15
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial –> Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial –> Craniopharyngioma
16
Q
Breast cancer - MC
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
17
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change
Carcinoma (post menopausal women)
18
Q
Benign breast tumor
A
Fibroadenoma
19
Q
Primary cardiac tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma - often seen in tuberous sclerosis.
20
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis –> Non bacterial, affecting BOTH SIDES of MV.
21
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis
22
Q
Primary cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Myxoma –> 4:1 Left:Right atrium.
23
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
24
Q
Chronic arrhythmia
A
A-fib
25
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma --> can also cause pernicious anemia.
26
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
27
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis:
Type I --> Post menopausal woman
Type II --> Elderly man or woman
28
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
| Hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
29
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
30
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile).
31
Constrictive pericarditis
Developing world --> TB
| Developed world --> SLE
32
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
33
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
34
Cushing syndrome
1. Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
2. Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
3. ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
4. Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
35
Early cyanosis (LESS common)
1. Fallot
2. Transposition of the great vessels
3. Truncus arteriosus
36
Late cyanosis (MORE common)
VSD
ASD
PDA
37
Death in CML
Blast crisis
38
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
39
Dementia
Alzheimer
| Multiple infarcts
40
Demyelinating disease in young women
MS
41
DIC
1. Severe sepsis
2. Obstetric complications
3. Cancer
4. Burns
5. Trauma
6. Major surgery
42
Dietary deficit
Iron
43
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker --> diagnosed by barium shallow.
44
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
45
Esophageal cancer
Worldwide --> SCC
| US --> Adenocarcinoma
46
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S.aureus
| B.cereus
47
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
48
Gynecologic malignancy
MC in US --> Endometrial carcinoma
| MC worldwide --> Cervical carcinoma
49
Congenital heart murmur
MVP
50
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
MV > AV (RF)
| TV (IVDA)
51
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis
| Ascaris lumbricoides
52
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
53
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
54
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions OR hereditary HFE mutation --> can result in CHF, bronze diabetes, and incr. risk of HCC.
55
HCC
Cirrhotic liver --> associated with hep B and C and with alcoholism.
56
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand
57
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert --> Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
58
HLA B-27
1. Ankylosing spondylitis
2. Reactive arthritis
3. UC
4. Psoriatic arthritis
59
HLA-DR3 or DR4
DM type I
RA
SLE
60
Holosystolic murmur
1. VSD
2. TV regurgitation
3. MV regurgitation
61
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial damage
Blood stasis
Virchow triad - Results in venous thrombosis.
62
2o HTN
Renal disease
63
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
64
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
65
Infection 2o to blood transfusion?
Hep C
66
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
1. S.aureus
2. E.coli
3. Aspergillus
(cat(+))
67
Intellectual disability
Down
| Fragile X
68
Kidney stones
Calcium = Radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = Radiopaque (formed by urease(+) organisms - P.vulgaris or Staph)
Uric acid = Radiolucent
69
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left).
```
Eisenmenger syndrome - Caused by:
1. ASD
2. VSD
3. PDA
Results in:
1. Pulmonary HTN
2. Polycythemia
```
70
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
71
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
72
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
73
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
74
Malignancy (kids)
1. ALL
| 2. Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
75
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > Lung > Thyroid
76
Metastases to brain
Lung > Breast > Genitourinary > Melanoma > GI
77
Metastases to liver
Colon >> Stomach, pancreas
78
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only.
79
MV stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
80
Mixed (UMN + LMN) disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
81
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
82
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
FSGS
83
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
84
Neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome - Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia.
85
Nosocomial pneumonia
1. K.pneumoniae
2. E.coli
3. P.aeruginosa
86
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
87
Opening snap
MV stenosis
88
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
P.jirovecii pneumonia
89
Osteomyelitis
S.aureus
90
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia
Salmonella
91
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
1. Pseudomonas
| 2. S.aureus
92
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells).
93
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
94
Ovarian tumor - malignant
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
95
Acute pancreatitis
Gallstones + Alcohol
96
Chronic pancreatitis (adults)
Alcohol
97
Chronic pancreatitis (kids)
CF
98
Patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult>60
AML: adult - 65
CML: adult 30-60
99
PID
Chlamydia trachomatis
| N.gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML --> May sometimes be associated with ALL/AML.
101
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma.
102
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
103
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
104
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of the adrenal cortex
105
Primary hyperparathyroidism
1. Adenomas
2. Hyperplasia
3. Carcinoma
106
Primary liver cancer
HCC - chronic hep, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, AAT def.
107
Pulmonary HTN
COPD
108
Recurrent inflammation
| Thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
109
Renal tumor
RCC - Associated with:
1. Smoking
2. VHL
110
Renal tumor - paraneoplastic syndromes?
1. EPO
2. Renin
3. PTH
4. ACTH
111
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
112
S3 - protodiastolic gallop
Incr. ventricular filling (left-to-right shunt, MV regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)).
113
S4 - Presystolic gallop
Stiff/hypertrophied ventricle --> AV stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy.
114
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease.
115
STD
Chlamydia usually coinfected with gonorrhea.
116
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
117
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
118
Site of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > Coronary artery > Popliteal artery > Carotid artery.
119
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
120
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison
121
t(14;18)
Follicular - bcl-2 activation.
122
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
123
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
124
Temporal arteritis
1. Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery
2. Polymyalgia rheumatica
125
Testicular tumor
Seminoma - malingnant, radiosensitive.
126
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
127
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma - estrogen dependent, not precancerous.
128
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma - usually regresses spontaneously by childhood.
129
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma - usually benign.
130
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
131
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis - vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion.
132
Type of NHL
DLBCL
133
UTI
1. E.coli
| 2. S.sapro
134
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
135
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate - pregnant women are at high risk - body stores only 3-4 months supply; prevents neural tube defects.
136
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to SCC
