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Internal Medicine > FA - Key Associations > Flashcards

FA - Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer –> Incr. intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion.

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling ulcer –> Greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa.

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3
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions - Crohn.

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4
Q

Dissecting aneurysm

A

HTN

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5
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta.

A

Atherosclerosis

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch.

A

3o syphilis –> syphilitic aortitis –> vasa vasorum destruction.

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7
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke encephalopathy –> Thiamine deficiency causing ataxia + ophthalmoplegia + confusion.

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8
Q

Autosplenectomy (Fibrosis + shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (HbS).

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9
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, PUD, stomach cancer

A

H.pylori

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10
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S.pneumoniae

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11
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B strep/ E.coli (newborns)

S.pneumoniae/N.meningitidis (kids)

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12
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus - most common in 1st two decades.

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13
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome –> Defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor.

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14
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial –> Metastasis > Astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > Meningioma > Schwannoma.

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15
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial –> Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Supratentorial –> Craniopharyngioma

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16
Q

Breast cancer - MC

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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17
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change

Carcinoma (post menopausal women)

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18
Q

Benign breast tumor

A

Fibroadenoma

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19
Q

Primary cardiac tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma - often seen in tuberous sclerosis.

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20
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis –> Non bacterial, affecting BOTH SIDES of MV.

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21
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis

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22
Q

Primary cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Myxoma –> 4:1 Left:Right atrium.

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23
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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24
Q

Chronic arrhythmia

A

A-fib

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25
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma –> can also cause pernicious anemia.

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26
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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27
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis:
Type I –> Post menopausal woman
Type II –> Elderly man or woman

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28
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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29
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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30
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile).

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31
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

Developing world –> TB

Developed world –> SLE

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32
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD>RCA>LCA

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33
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

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34
Q

Cushing syndrome

A
  1. Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
  2. Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
  3. ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
  4. Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
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35
Q

Early cyanosis (LESS common)

A
  1. Fallot
  2. Transposition of the great vessels
  3. Truncus arteriosus
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36
Q

Late cyanosis (MORE common)

A

VSD
ASD
PDA

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37
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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38
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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39
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer

Multiple infarcts

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40
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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41
Q

DIC

A
  1. Severe sepsis
  2. Obstetric complications
  3. Cancer
  4. Burns
  5. Trauma
  6. Major surgery
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42
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

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43
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker –> diagnosed by barium shallow.

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44
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

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45
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Worldwide –> SCC

US –> Adenocarcinoma

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46
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S.aureus

B.cereus

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47
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)

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48
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

MC in US –> Endometrial carcinoma

MC worldwide –> Cervical carcinoma

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49
Q

Congenital heart murmur

A

MVP

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50
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

MV > AV (RF)

TV (IVDA)

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51
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis

Ascaris lumbricoides

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52
Q

Hematoma - epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

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53
Q

Hematoma - subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

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54
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple blood transfusions OR hereditary HFE mutation –> can result in CHF, bronze diabetes, and incr. risk of HCC.

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55
Q

HCC

A

Cirrhotic liver –> associated with hep B and C and with alcoholism.

56
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand

57
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert –> Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

58
Q

HLA B-27

A
  1. Ankylosing spondylitis
  2. Reactive arthritis
  3. UC
  4. Psoriatic arthritis
59
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4

A

DM type I
RA
SLE

60
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A
  1. VSD
  2. TV regurgitation
  3. MV regurgitation
61
Q

Hypercoagulability
Endothelial damage
Blood stasis

A

Virchow triad - Results in venous thrombosis.

62
Q

2o HTN

A

Renal disease

63
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

64
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

65
Q

Infection 2o to blood transfusion?

A

Hep C

66
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A
  1. S.aureus
  2. E.coli
  3. Aspergillus
    (cat(+))
67
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Down

Fragile X

68
Q

Kidney stones

A

Calcium = Radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = Radiopaque (formed by urease(+) organisms - P.vulgaris or Staph)
Uric acid = Radiolucent

69
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left).

A 
Eisenmenger syndrome - Caused by:
1. ASD
2. VSD
3. PDA
Results in:
1. Pulmonary HTN 
2. Polycythemia
70
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

71
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

72
Q

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

73
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

74
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A
  1. ALL

2. Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

75
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > Lung > Thyroid

76
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > Breast > Genitourinary > Melanoma > GI

77
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; Stomach, pancreas

78
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only.

79
Q

MV stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

80
Q

Mixed (UMN + LMN) disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

81
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

82
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

FSGS

83
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

84
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallman syndrome - Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia.

85
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A
  1. K.pneumoniae
  2. E.coli
  3. P.aeruginosa
86
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

87
Q

Opening snap

A

MV stenosis

88
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

P.jirovecii pneumonia

89
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S.aureus

90
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia

A

Salmonella

91
Q

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A
  1. Pseudomonas

2. S.aureus

92
Q

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells).

93
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

94
Q

Ovarian tumor - malignant

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

95
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

Gallstones + Alcohol

96
Q

Chronic pancreatitis (adults)

A

Alcohol

97
Q

Chronic pancreatitis (kids)

A

CF

98
Q

Patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child
CLL: adult>60
AML: adult - 65
CML: adult 30-60

99
Q

PID

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

N.gonorrhoeae

100
Q

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)

A

CML –> May sometimes be associated with ALL/AML.

101
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma.

102
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

Turner syndrome (45, XO)

103
Q

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

104
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of the adrenal cortex

105
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A
  1. Adenomas
  2. Hyperplasia
  3. Carcinoma
106
Q

Primary liver cancer

A

HCC - chronic hep, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, AAT def.

107
Q

Pulmonary HTN

A

COPD

108
Q

Recurrent inflammation

Thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

109
Q

Renal tumor

A

RCC - Associated with:

  1. Smoking
  2. VHL
110
Q

Renal tumor - paraneoplastic syndromes?

A
  1. EPO
  2. Renin
  3. PTH
  4. ACTH
111
Q

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

112
Q

S3 - protodiastolic gallop

A

Incr. ventricular filling (left-to-right shunt, MV regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)).

113
Q

S4 - Presystolic gallop

A

Stiff/hypertrophied ventricle –> AV stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy.

114
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease.

115
Q

STD

A

Chlamydia usually coinfected with gonorrhea.

116
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

117
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

118
Q

Site of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > Coronary artery > Popliteal artery > Carotid artery.

119
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

120
Q

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison

121
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular - bcl-2 activation.

122
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)

123
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

124
Q

Temporal arteritis

A
  1. Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery
  2. Polymyalgia rheumatica
125
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma - malingnant, radiosensitive.

126
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

127
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma - estrogen dependent, not precancerous.

128
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma - usually regresses spontaneously by childhood.

129
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma - usually benign.

130
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

131
Q

Type of Hodgkin

A

Nodular sclerosis - vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion.

132
Q

Type of NHL

A

DLBCL

133
Q

UTI

A
  1. E.coli

2. S.sapro

134
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

135
Q

Vitamin deficiency (US)

A

Folate - pregnant women are at high risk - body stores only 3-4 months supply; prevents neural tube defects.

136
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to SCC

Internal Medicine (106 decks)

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