Jeopardy 3 Flashcards by Billy Mainwaring

What are the characteristics that animals share?

Heterotrophic
Multicellular
No cell wall
Bodies held together by collagen
Nervous and muscle tissue unique to animals

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What are the two types of tissues that sponges lack?

Nervous and muscle

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What are larva?

Sexually immature

Morphologically distinct

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What is changing from larva to adult stage?

Metamorphasis

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What is metamorphasis?

Changing from larva to adult stage

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What regulates the body from development and allows for quick modification?

Hox gene

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What is the hox gene?

Regulates the body from development
Reproduces and gets modified for certain body parts
Allows for quick modification
Adds complexity

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What is the hollow center of the blastula?

Blastocoel

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What is the blastocoel?

Hollow center of the blastula

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What is the blastopore?

Forms during gasturulation and connects the archenteron to exterior of gastrula

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What connects the archenteron to the exterior of the gastrula?

Blastopore

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What did the common ancestors of living animals resemble?

Choanoflagellates

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What are currently living organisms called?

Extent

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What is the earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living animals called?

Cambrion explosion

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What are the hypothesis for the cambrion explosion?

New predator prey relationships
A rise in atmospheric oxygen - more activity
Evolution of the hox gene complex

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What is a set of morphological and development traits?

Body plan

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What is the development of a head called?

Cephalization

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What germ layer covers the embryo’s surface?

Ectoderm

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What germ layer lines the digestive tube?

Endoderm

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What is the term for the digestive tube during development?

Archenteron

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What is it called when organisms have two germ layers?

Diploblastic

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What is it called when organisms have three germ layers?

Triploblastic

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What animals posses a true coelom?

Coelomates

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What is a true body that is derived from the mesoderm called?

Coelom

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What is a body cavity derived from the mesoderm and endoderm called?

Pseudocoelom

What organisms are triploblastic with pseudocoelom?

Pseudocoelomates

What organisms are triploblastic and lack a body cavity?

Acoelomates

What is it called when the mouth develops first?

Protostome

What is it called when the anus develops first?

Deuterostome

What type of cleavage does a protostome have at eight cell stage? Deuterostome?

Protostome - Spiral and determinate | Deuterostome - Radial and indeterminate

What is the coelom formation that occurs in protostome? | Deuterostome?

Protostome - Mesoderm splits to form coelom | Deuterostome - Mesoderm buds from wall of archenteron to form coelom

What are the two hypothesis based off of?

Morphology and molecular data

What organisms shed their exoskeleton through ecdys?

Ecdysozoans

What is the process of shedding exoskeletons used by ecdysozoans?

ECDYS

What is a free swimming larva called?

Trochophore larva

What phylum of sponges deposit calcium carbonate?

Calcera

Why phylum of sponges use silica to make their matrix?

Silicea

What kind of feeders are sponges?

Suspension feeders

What is the top opening of a sponge called?

Osculum

What are spicules made of?

Calcium carbonate

What are flagellated collar cells that cause current in sponges?

Choanocytes

What are the two body forms of Cnidarians?

Polyp and medusa

What is the name of the cells on tentacles that function in defense and prey capture?

Cnidocytes

What is the organelle inside the cnidocyte that eject a stinging thread?

Nematocytes

Are cnidarians diploblastic or triploblastic?

Diploblastic

What phyla only has one opening for it's anus and mouth?

Cnidarians

What are the four classes that cnidarians are divided into?

Hydrozoans Soyphozoans Cubazoans Anthozoans

Which class only has the medusa form?

Soyphozoans

Which class has a box shaped meduas with complex eyes?

Cubazoans

Which class alternates between the polyp and medusa form?

Hydrozoans

Which class only exists in polyp form?

Anthozoans

What is a cluster of nerve cells that act as a brain on Platyhelminthes?

Ganglia

What regulates osmotic balance on platyhelminthes?

Protonephridia

What parasite spends part of it's life in humans and part of it's life in snails?

Trematoads

What do tapeworms use for attachment?

Scalex

What do tapeworms use to release eggs?

Parthenogenesis

What causes elephantitis?

Roundworms

What reproduces by parthenogenesis?

Rotifera

What are colonial animals that superficially resemble plants?

Ectoprots

What are the three main body parts of molluscs?

Muscular foot Visercal mass Mantle

What is the think layer that secretes the shell in molluscs?

Mantle

What do molluscs use to feed?

Rasplike radula

``` What animals are encased by eight dorsal plates? Give the class also ```

Chitans | Polyplacophora

What class makes up the majority of molluscs?

Gastropods

What is the term for when an animals anus and mantle is above it's head?

Torsion

What bivalve bury themselves under the sand to feed?

Gooseneck clam

What molluscs have their shells divided into two halves?

Bivalves

What class are squids, octopus, and nautalus under?

Cephalopoda

What do squid use to fire a jet of water?

Siphon

What is the phylum for segmented worms?

Annelida

What are the two classes of annelida?

Oligochoetes - earthworms, leeches | Polychaetes

What are bristles made of chitin for movement?

Chaetes

What organ grinds down food?

Gizzard

What is the chemical in leeches that prevents blood clotting?

Hirudin

What are the classes of molluscs?

Gastropoda Cephalopoda Bivalves Polyplacophora