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Biology 141 > Jeopardy 3 > Flashcards

Jeopardy 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics that animals share?

A 
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
No cell wall
Bodies held together by collagen
Nervous and muscle tissue unique to animals
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2
Q

What are the two types of tissues that sponges lack?

A

Nervous and muscle

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3
Q

What are larva?

A

Sexually immature

Morphologically distinct

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4
Q

What is changing from larva to adult stage?

A

Metamorphasis

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5
Q

What is metamorphasis?

A

Changing from larva to adult stage

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6
Q

What regulates the body from development and allows for quick modification?

A

Hox gene

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7
Q

What is the hox gene?

A

Regulates the body from development
Reproduces and gets modified for certain body parts
Allows for quick modification
Adds complexity

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8
Q

What is the hollow center of the blastula?

A

Blastocoel

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9
Q

What is the blastocoel?

A

Hollow center of the blastula

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10
Q

What is the blastopore?

A

Forms during gasturulation and connects the archenteron to exterior of gastrula

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11
Q

What connects the archenteron to the exterior of the gastrula?

A

Blastopore

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12
Q

What did the common ancestors of living animals resemble?

A

Choanoflagellates

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13
Q

What are currently living organisms called?

A

Extent

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14
Q

What is the earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living animals called?

A

Cambrion explosion

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15
Q

What are the hypothesis for the cambrion explosion?

A

New predator prey relationships
A rise in atmospheric oxygen - more activity
Evolution of the hox gene complex

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16
Q

What is a set of morphological and development traits?

A

Body plan

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17
Q

What is the development of a head called?

A

Cephalization

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18
Q

What germ layer covers the embryo’s surface?

A

Ectoderm

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19
Q

What germ layer lines the digestive tube?

A

Endoderm

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20
Q

What is the term for the digestive tube during development?

A

Archenteron

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21
Q

What is it called when organisms have two germ layers?

A

Diploblastic

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22
Q

What is it called when organisms have three germ layers?

A

Triploblastic

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23
Q

What animals posses a true coelom?

A

Coelomates

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24
Q

What is a true body that is derived from the mesoderm called?

A

Coelom

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25
Q

What is a body cavity derived from the mesoderm and endoderm called?

A

Pseudocoelom

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26
Q

What organisms are triploblastic with pseudocoelom?

A

Pseudocoelomates

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27
Q

What organisms are triploblastic and lack a body cavity?

A

Acoelomates

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28
Q

What is it called when the mouth develops first?

A

Protostome

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29
Q

What is it called when the anus develops first?

A

Deuterostome

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30
Q

What type of cleavage does a protostome have at eight cell stage?
Deuterostome?

A

Protostome - Spiral and determinate

Deuterostome - Radial and indeterminate

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31
Q

What is the coelom formation that occurs in protostome?

Deuterostome?

A

Protostome - Mesoderm splits to form coelom

Deuterostome - Mesoderm buds from wall of archenteron to form coelom

32
Q

What are the two hypothesis based off of?

A

Morphology and molecular data

33
Q

What organisms shed their exoskeleton through ecdys?

A

Ecdysozoans

34
Q

What is the process of shedding exoskeletons used by ecdysozoans?

A

ECDYS

35
Q

What is a free swimming larva called?

A

Trochophore larva

36
Q

What phylum of sponges deposit calcium carbonate?

A

Calcera

37
Q

Why phylum of sponges use silica to make their matrix?

A

Silicea

38
Q

What kind of feeders are sponges?

A

Suspension feeders

39
Q

What is the top opening of a sponge called?

A

Osculum

40
Q

What are spicules made of?

A

Calcium carbonate

41
Q

What are flagellated collar cells that cause current in sponges?

A

Choanocytes

42
Q

What are the two body forms of Cnidarians?

A

Polyp and medusa

43
Q

What is the name of the cells on tentacles that function in defense and prey capture?

A

Cnidocytes

44
Q

What is the organelle inside the cnidocyte that eject a stinging thread?

A

Nematocytes

45
Q

Are cnidarians diploblastic or triploblastic?

A

Diploblastic

46
Q

What phyla only has one opening for it’s anus and mouth?

A

Cnidarians

47
Q

What are the four classes that cnidarians are divided into?

A

Hydrozoans
Soyphozoans
Cubazoans
Anthozoans

48
Q

Which class only has the medusa form?

A

Soyphozoans

49
Q

Which class has a box shaped meduas with complex eyes?

A

Cubazoans

50
Q

Which class alternates between the polyp and medusa form?

A

Hydrozoans

51
Q

Which class only exists in polyp form?

A

Anthozoans

52
Q

What is a cluster of nerve cells that act as a brain on Platyhelminthes?

A

Ganglia

53
Q

What regulates osmotic balance on platyhelminthes?

A

Protonephridia

54
Q

What parasite spends part of it’s life in humans and part of it’s life in snails?

A

Trematoads

55
Q

What do tapeworms use for attachment?

A

Scalex

56
Q

What do tapeworms use to release eggs?

A

Parthenogenesis

57
Q

What causes elephantitis?

A

Roundworms

58
Q

What reproduces by parthenogenesis?

A

Rotifera

59
Q

What are colonial animals that superficially resemble plants?

A

Ectoprots

60
Q

What are the three main body parts of molluscs?

A

Muscular foot
Visercal mass
Mantle

61
Q

What is the think layer that secretes the shell in molluscs?

A

Mantle

62
Q

What do molluscs use to feed?

A

Rasplike radula

63
Q 
What animals are encased by eight dorsal plates?
Give the class also
A

Chitans

Polyplacophora

64
Q

What class makes up the majority of molluscs?

A

Gastropods

65
Q

What is the term for when an animals anus and mantle is above it’s head?

A

Torsion

66
Q

What bivalve bury themselves under the sand to feed?

A

Gooseneck clam

67
Q

What molluscs have their shells divided into two halves?

A

Bivalves

68
Q

What class are squids, octopus, and nautalus under?

A

Cephalopoda

69
Q

What do squid use to fire a jet of water?

A

Siphon

70
Q

What is the phylum for segmented worms?

A

Annelida

71
Q

What are the two classes of annelida?

A

Oligochoetes - earthworms, leeches

Polychaetes

72
Q

What are bristles made of chitin for movement?

A

Chaetes

73
Q

What organ grinds down food?

A

Gizzard

74
Q

What is the chemical in leeches that prevents blood clotting?

A

Hirudin

75
Q

What are the classes of molluscs?

A

Gastropoda
Cephalopoda
Bivalves
Polyplacophora

Biology 141 (10 decks)

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