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Biology 141 > Jeopardy 2 > Flashcards

Jeopardy 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the importance of fungus?

A

Essential for breaking down organic materials and recycling nutrients
Form mutualistic relationships with plants, cyanobacteria, algae, and animals

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2
Q

What was one of the first things to grow on rock without soil?

A

Lycons

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3
Q

What types of lifestyles can fungi live?

A

Decomposers
Mutualists
Parasites

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4
Q

What are single celled fungi?

A

Yeasts

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5
Q

What are mutlicellular fungi?

A

Filaments

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6
Q

What is mycelia?

A

Network of branched hyphae that are adapted for absorption

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7
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

A

Chitin

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8
Q

What are hyphae?

A

Individual branches under the ground, from fungi

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9
Q

What are septa?

A

Divide the hyphae into different cells

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10
Q

What are coenocytic hyphae?

A

Hyphae that contain no septa

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11
Q

What are haustoria?

A

Specialized hyphae that can penetrate into the tissue of their host

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12
Q

What is the order of sexual reproduction?

A 
Spores
Germination
Mycellium
Plasmogamy
Heterokaryotic stage
Karyogamy
Zygote
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13
Q

What is the order of asexual reproduction?

A

Spores
Germination
Mycellium
Spore - producing structures

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14
Q

What is plasmogamy?

A

The union of two parent mycellia

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15
Q

What is karyogamy?

A

Fusion of two haploid cells to create a zygote

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16
Q

What is heterokaryon?

A

When two haploid nuclei coexist in one mycellium but haven’t fused yet

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17
Q

What are the five groups of fungi and what is a characteristic of each?

A 
Chytrids - flagellated sperm
Zygomycetes - Produce zygosporangia
Gameromycetes - Form arbuscular mycorrhizae
Ascomycetes - Sac fungi
Basidiomycetes - Have basidium
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18
Q

What is zygosporangia?

A

Metabollically inactive spores that are resistant to freezing and drying

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19
Q

What is arbuscular mycorrhizae?

A

Fungi penetrates host cell and form hyphae inside

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20
Q

What are sac fungi?

A

Spores produced in saclike asci

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21
Q

What are basidium?

A

Clublike structure where koryogamy occurs

22
Q

What occurs in a fungus - animal symbiosis?

A

Fungus helps breakdown plant material in guts of animals

Shares digestive tracts with animals

23
Q

What is mycosis?

A

General term for a fungus infection in animals

24
Q

What are the characteristics of animals?

A 
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
No cell wall
Bodies held together by collagen
Nervous tissue and muscle tissue
25
Q

How do animals reproduce?

A

Sexual reproduction with a diploid dominant life cycle

26
Q

What is the hox gene?

A

Regulates body from development
Reproduces and gets modified for certain body parts
Allows for quick modification
Adds complexity

27
Q

What is metamorphasis?

A

Changing from a larva to adult stage

28
Q

What is the order of development for animals?

A 
Zygote
Eight Cell stage
Blastula
Gatrulation
Gastrula
29
Q

What is the blastacoel?

A

Hollow center of the blastula

30
Q

What is the blastopore?

A

Forms during gasturulation and connects the archenteron to exterior of gastrula

31
Q

What is the cambrion explosion?

A

Earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living animals

32
Q

What are the hypotheses for the cambrion explosion?

A

New predator - prey relationships
A rise in atmospheric Oxygen - more activity
Evolution of the hox gene complex

33
Q

What is a body plan?

A

A set of morphological and developmental traits

34
Q

What is cephalization?

A

Development of a head

35
Q

What are the parts that a bilateral organism has?

A

Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom)
Right and left
Anterior (head) and posterior (tail)

36
Q

What is the extoderm?

A

Covers the embryo’s surface

37
Q

What is the endoderm?

A

Intermost germ layer

Lines the developing digestive tube (archenteron)

38
Q

What is the difference between a diploblastic and triploblactic organism?

A

A diploblastic organism has two germ layers

A triploblastic organism has three germ layers

39
Q

What is a coelom?

A

True body cavity derived from mesoderm

40
Q

What is a coelomate?

A

Animals that posses a true coelom

41
Q

What is a psuedocoelome?

A

Body cavity from mesoderm and endoderm

42
Q

What is a psuedocoelomate?

A

Triploblastic with psuedocoelome

43
Q

What is an acoelomate?

A

Triploblastic and lack body cavity

44
Q

What are the characteristics of a protostome?

A

Eight cell stage - spiral and determinate
Coelom formation - splitting of mesoderm
Blastopore fate - becomes mouth

45
Q

What are the characteristics of a dueterostome?

A

Eight cell stage - radial and indeterminate
Coelom formation - Mesoderm buds from archenteron
Blastopore fate - becomes anus

46
Q

What are the branching points in the animal phylogenic tree for hypothesis one?

A 
Metazoa - animals
Eumetazoa - animals with true tissues
Bilateria - bilateral symmetry
Deuterostomia - mouth second
Protostomia - mouth first
47
Q

What is hypothesis one based off of?

A

Morphology

48
Q

What is hypothesis two based off of?

A

Molecular data

49
Q

What are ecdysozoans?

A

Shed their exoskeleton through ecdys

50
Q

What are lophatrochozoans?

A

Have a feeding structure called a lophophore

51
Q

What are trochopore larva?

A

Free swimming larva

Biology 141 (10 decks)

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