Jeopardy 2

Question 1

What is the importance of fungus?

Answer 1

Essential for breaking down organic materials and recycling nutrients
Form mutualistic relationships with plants, cyanobacteria, algae, and animals

Question 2

What was one of the first things to grow on rock without soil?

Answer 2

Lycons

Question 3

What types of lifestyles can fungi live?

Answer 3

Decomposers
Mutualists
Parasites

Question 4

What are single celled fungi?

Answer 4

Yeasts

Question 5

What are mutlicellular fungi?

Answer 5

Filaments

Question 6

What is mycelia?

Answer 6

Network of branched hyphae that are adapted for absorption

Question 7

What are the cell walls of fungi made of?

Answer 7

Chitin

Question 8

What are hyphae?

Answer 8

Individual branches under the ground, from fungi

Question 9

What are septa?

Answer 9

Divide the hyphae into different cells

Question 10

What are coenocytic hyphae?

Answer 10

Hyphae that contain no septa

Question 11

What are haustoria?

Answer 11

Specialized hyphae that can penetrate into the tissue of their host

Question 12

What is the order of sexual reproduction?

Answer 12

Spores
Germination
Mycellium
Plasmogamy
Heterokaryotic stage
Karyogamy
Zygote

Question 13

What is the order of asexual reproduction?

Answer 13

Spores
Germination
Mycellium
Spore - producing structures

Question 14

What is plasmogamy?

Answer 14

The union of two parent mycellia

Question 15

What is karyogamy?

Answer 15

Fusion of two haploid cells to create a zygote

Question 16

What is heterokaryon?

Answer 16

When two haploid nuclei coexist in one mycellium but haven’t fused yet

Question 17

What are the five groups of fungi and what is a characteristic of each?

Answer 17

Chytrids - flagellated sperm
Zygomycetes - Produce zygosporangia
Gameromycetes - Form arbuscular mycorrhizae
Ascomycetes - Sac fungi
Basidiomycetes - Have basidium

Question 18

What is zygosporangia?

Answer 18

Metabollically inactive spores that are resistant to freezing and drying

Question 19

What is arbuscular mycorrhizae?

Answer 19

Fungi penetrates host cell and form hyphae inside

Question 20

What are sac fungi?

Answer 20

Spores produced in saclike asci

Question 21

What are basidium?

Answer 21

Clublike structure where koryogamy occurs

Question 22

What occurs in a fungus - animal symbiosis?

Answer 22

Fungus helps breakdown plant material in guts of animals

Shares digestive tracts with animals

Question 23

What is mycosis?

Answer 23

General term for a fungus infection in animals

Question 24

What are the characteristics of animals?

Answer 24

Heterotrophic
Multicellular
No cell wall
Bodies held together by collagen
Nervous tissue and muscle tissue

Question 25

How do animals reproduce?

Answer 25

Sexual reproduction with a diploid dominant life cycle

Question 26

What is the hox gene?

Answer 26

Regulates body from development Reproduces and gets modified for certain body parts Allows for quick modification Adds complexity

Question 27

What is metamorphasis?

Answer 27

Changing from a larva to adult stage

Question 28

What is the order of development for animals?

Answer 28

``` Zygote Eight Cell stage Blastula Gatrulation Gastrula ```

Question 29

What is the blastacoel?

Answer 29

Hollow center of the blastula

Question 30

What is the blastopore?

Answer 30

Forms during gasturulation and connects the archenteron to exterior of gastrula

Question 31

What is the cambrion explosion?

Answer 31

Earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living animals

Question 32

What are the hypotheses for the cambrion explosion?

Answer 32

New predator - prey relationships A rise in atmospheric Oxygen - more activity Evolution of the hox gene complex

Question 33

What is a body plan?

Answer 33

A set of morphological and developmental traits

Question 34

What is cephalization?

Answer 34

Development of a head

Question 35

What are the parts that a bilateral organism has?

Answer 35

Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) Right and left Anterior (head) and posterior (tail)

Question 36

What is the extoderm?

Answer 36

Covers the embryo's surface

Question 37

What is the endoderm?

Answer 37

Intermost germ layer | Lines the developing digestive tube (archenteron)

Question 38

What is the difference between a diploblastic and triploblactic organism?

Answer 38

A diploblastic organism has two germ layers | A triploblastic organism has three germ layers

Question 39

What is a coelom?

Answer 39

True body cavity derived from mesoderm

Question 40

What is a coelomate?

Answer 40

Animals that posses a true coelom

Question 41

What is a psuedocoelome?

Answer 41

Body cavity from mesoderm and endoderm

Question 42

What is a psuedocoelomate?

Answer 42

Triploblastic with psuedocoelome

Question 43

What is an acoelomate?

Answer 43

Triploblastic and lack body cavity

Question 44

What are the characteristics of a protostome?

Answer 44

Eight cell stage - spiral and determinate Coelom formation - splitting of mesoderm Blastopore fate - becomes mouth

Question 45

What are the characteristics of a dueterostome?

Answer 45

Eight cell stage - radial and indeterminate Coelom formation - Mesoderm buds from archenteron Blastopore fate - becomes anus

Question 46

What are the branching points in the animal phylogenic tree for hypothesis one?

Answer 46

``` Metazoa - animals Eumetazoa - animals with true tissues Bilateria - bilateral symmetry Deuterostomia - mouth second Protostomia - mouth first ```

Question 47

What is hypothesis one based off of?

Answer 47

Morphology

Question 48

What is hypothesis two based off of?

Answer 48

Molecular data

Question 49

What are ecdysozoans?

Answer 49

Shed their exoskeleton through ecdys

Question 50

What are lophatrochozoans?

Answer 50

Have a feeding structure called a lophophore

Question 51

What are trochopore larva?

Answer 51

Free swimming larva