Jade lamas-Chapter 6

Question 1

bicameral legislature

Answer 1

def: a two-house legislature.
sent: The bicameral legislature was created by the framers.

Question 2

apportionment

Answer 2

def: the process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population, following the decennial census.
sent: The apportionment adjusts the number of seats allotted to each state.

Question 3

impeachment

Answer 3

def: the power delegated to the house of representatives in the constitution to charge the president, vice president, or other “civil officers, “including federal judges, with “treason, Bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.” this is the first step in the constitutional process of removing government officials from office.
sent: The house also has the power of impeachment, or to charge the president, vice president, or other “civil officers,” including federal judges with high crimes.

Question 4

edmund burke

Answer 4

def: conservative British political philosopher of the 18th century who articulated the view that elected representatives should act as “trustees” and use their own best judgement when voting.
sent: Edmund Burke also served in the British Parliament and believed it was his duty to represent the interests of the entire nation.

Question 5

trustee

Answer 5

def: role played by an elected representative who listens to constituents’ opinions and then uses his or her best judgement to make a final decision.
sent: According to Burke, a representative should be a trustee who listens to the opinions of constituents.

Question 6

delegate

Answer 6

def: role played by a representative who votes the way his or her constituents would want, regardless of personal opinions; may refer to an elected representative to the party convention.
sent: A second theory of representation holds that a representative should be a delegate.

Question 7

politico

Answer 7

def: an elected representative who acts as a trustee or as a delegate, depending on the issue.
def: A third theory of representation holds that a politico alternately dons the hat of a trustee or delegate, depending on the issue.

Question 8

incumbency

Answer 8

def: already holding an office.
sent: Incumbency helps members stay in office once they are elected.

Question 9

redistricting

Answer 9

def: the process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states, as well as population shifts within a state.
sent: Redistricting is a largely political process.

Question 10

gerrymandering

Answer 10

def: the drawing of congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome without regard to the shape of the district.
sent: The redistricting process often involves gerrymandering.

Question 11

majority party

Answer 11

def: the political party in each house of congress with the second most members,
sent: The majority party in each house is the party with the most members.

Question 12

minority party

Answer 12

def: the political party in each house of congress with the second most members.
sent: The minority party in each house is the party with the second most members.

Question 13

party cactus (or conference)

Answer 13

def: a formal gathering of all party members.
sent: At the beginning of each new congress, the members of each party formally gather in their part cactus (or conference).

Question 14

speaker of the house

Answer 14

def: the only officer of the house of representatives specifically mentioned in the constitution; the chamber’s most powerful position; traditionally a member of the majority party.
sent: The speaker of the house is the only officer of the house of representatives specifically mentioned in the constitution.

Question 15

majority leader

Answer 15

def: the head of the party controlling the most seats in the house of representatives or the senate; is second in authority to the speaker of the house and in the senate is regarded as its most powerful member.
sent: The majority leader controls most seats in the house.

Question 16

minority leader

Answer 16

def: the head of the party with the second highest number of elected representatives in the house of representatives or the senate.
sent: The minority leader controls second highest number seats.

Question 17

whip

Answer 17

def: party leader who keeps close contact with all members of his or her party, takes vote counts on key legislation, prepares summaries of bills, and acts as a communications link within a party.
sent: The republic and democratic whips assist the speaker and majority and minority leaders in their leadership efforts.

Question 18

president pro tempore

Answer 18

def: the official chair of the senate; usually the most senior member of the majority party.
sent: Another word for president pro tempore is pro tem.

Question 19

standing committee

Answer 19

def: committee to which proposed bills are referred; continues from one congress to the next.
sent: Standing committees are those those to which bills are referred for consideration.

Question 20

joint committee

Answer 20

def: standing committee that includes members from both houses of congress set up to conduct investigations or special studies.
sent: Joint committees focus public attention on major matters such as the economy, taxation, or scandals.

Question 21

conference committee

Answer 21

def: special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the house and senate.
sent: Conference Committees are special joint committees created to reconcile differences in bills.

Question 22

select (for special) committee

Answer 22

def: temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose.
sent: Select (for party) Committees are appointed for specific purposes.

Question 23

hillary clinton

Answer 23

def: first female major party candidate for president of the united states, a democrat, who ran against president donald j. trump in 2016. secretary of state from 2009-2013; new york senator from 2001-2009; formal first lady.
sent: Hillary Clinton acted on benghazi and she used a private email server.

Question 24

house committee on rules

Answer 24

the influential “rules committee” determines the scheduling and conditions, such as length of debate and type of allowable amendments, for all bills in the house of representatives (but not in the senate, where debate is less regulated).

sent: The house committee on rules no longer exists in the Senate.

Question 25

discharge petition

Answer 25

def: petition that gives a majority of the house of representatives the authority to bring an issue to the floor in the face or committee inaction.
sent: A discharge petition signed by a majority of the house membership can force bills out of a house committee.

Question 26

seniority

Answer 26

def: time of continuous service on a committee.
sent: Committee chairs in the house are no longer selected by seniority.

Question 27

markup

Answer 27

def: a session in which committee members offer changes to a bill before it goes to the floor.
sent: Is subcommittee votes in favor of the bill then it goes through mark up.

Question 28

committee of the whole

Answer 28

def: a procedure that allows the house of representatives to deliberate with a lower quorum and to expedite consideration and amendment of a bill.
sent: When the day arrives for floor debate, the house may choose to form a committee of the whole.

Question 29

hold

Answer 29

def: a procedure by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor. this request signals leadership that a member may have objections to the bill and should be consulted before further action is taken.
sent: A hold signals the senate leadership and the sponsors of the bill.

Question 30

filibuster

Answer 30

def: a formal way of halting senate action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate.
sent: Filibusters grew out of the absence of rules to restrict speech in the senate.

Question 31

cloture

Answer 31

def: mechanism requiring the vote of 60 senators to cut off debate.
sent: After a cloture motion passes the senate floor, members may spend no more than 30 additional hours debating the legislation at issue.

Question 32

veto

Answer 32

def: the formal, constitutional authority of the president to president to reject the bills passed by both houses of congress, thus preventing them from becoming law without further congressional action.
sent: The president can veto a bill.

Question 33

pocket veto

Answer 33

def: if congress adjourns during the 10 days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the president’s signature.
sent: The president can choose not to sign the bill and that is called a pocket veto.

Question 34

richard m. nixon

Answer 34

def: the 37th president, a republican, who served from 1969-1974. nixon advocated detente during the cold war and resigned rather than face impeachment and likely removal from office due to the watergate scandal.
sent: Richard M. Nixon exposed several shortcomings in the system.

Question 35

congressional budge act of 1974

Answer 35

def: act that established the congressional budgetary process by laying out a plan for congressional action on the annual budget resolution, appropriations, reconciliation, and any other revenue bills.
sent: The congressional budge act of 1974 established the congressional budgetary process in use today.

Question 36

reconciliation

Answer 36

def: a procedure that allows consideration of controversial issues affecting the budget by limiting debate to 20 hours, thereby ending threat of a filibuster.
sent: The congressional budge act of 1974 is reconciliation.

Question 37

pork

Answer 37

def: legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their districts in the form of public works programs, military bases, or other programs.
sent: Representatives often seek to win appropriations known as pork.

Question 38

programmatic requests

Answer 38

def: federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district. also referred to as earmarks.
sent: Programmatic requests were once called earmarks.

Question 39

divided government

Answer 39

def: the political condition in which different political parties control one house of congress.
sent: These hearings are among congress’s most visible and dramatic actions, especially in times of divided government.

Question 40

war powers resolution

Answer 40

def: passed by congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a 60 day period in peacetime unless congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.
sent: In 1973, congress passed the war powers resolution over president nixon’s veto.

Question 41

congressional review

Answer 41

def: a process whereby congress can nullify agency regulations within a 60 day window by passing a joint resolution of legislative disapproval of the resolution or a 2/3 majority vote in both houses to overrule a presidential veto is also required.
sent: The process of nullifying actions is congressional review.

Question 42

senatorial courtesy

Answer 42

def: a process by which presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block a nomination by simply registering their objection.
sent: Senators often have considerable say in the nomination of judges from their states through senatorial courtesy.

Question 43

unified government

Answer 43

def: the political condition in which the same political party controls the presidency and congress.
sent: Unified Government is true in times of the party attempting to coerce members to support his legislative package.

Question 44

logrolling

Answer 44

def: vote trading; voting to support a colleague’s bill in return for a promise of future support.
sent: On issues that are of little interest to a legislator, logrolling, or vote trading, often occurs.

Question 45

congressional research service (CRS)

Answer 45

def: created in 1914, the non-partisan CRS provides information, studies, and research in support of the work of congress, and prepares summaries and tracks the progress of all bill.
sent: Additional help from members come from the congressional research service.

Question 46

government accountability

Answer 46

def: established in 1921, the GAO is an independent regulatory agency for the purpose of auditing the financial expenditures of the executive branch and federal agencies; until 2004, the GAO was known as the general accounting office…
sent: Additional help from members come from the government accountability also.

Question 47

congressional budget office

Answer 47

def: created in 1974, the CBO provides congress with evaluations of the potential economic effects of proposed spending policies and also analyzes the president’s budget and economic projections.
sent: The CBO was created in 1974 to evaluate economic effect of different spending programs and to provide information on the cost of proposed policies.

Question 48

bill

Answer 48

def: a proposed law
sent: No bill or proposed law, can become law without the consent of both houses.