jade lamas

Question 1

New World

Answer 1

The western hemisphere of earth, also called the Americas, which was unknown to Europeans before 1492.

Question 2

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 2

A brilliant inventor and senior statesman at the constitutional convention who urged colonial unity as early as 1754, 22 years before the Declaration of Independence.

Question 3

French and Indian War

Answer 3

The American phase of what was called the Seven Years War, fought from 1754 to 1763 between Britain and France with Indian allies.

Question 4

Mercantilism

Answer 4

An economic theory designed to increase a nations wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Question 5

Samuel Adams

Answer 5

Cousin of President John Adams and an early leader against the British and loyalist oppressors; he played a key role in developing the committees of correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics.

Question 6

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 6

A gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of crown violations was drafted; first official meeting of the colonies and the first official step toward creating a unified nation.

Question 7

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 7

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutionaries.

Question 8

Crispus Attucks

Answer 8

An African American and first American to die in what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770.

Question 9

First Continental Congress

Answer 9

Meeting held in Philadelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which 56 delegates adopted a resolution in opposition to the coercive Acts.

Question 10

Lexington and Concord

Answer 10

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers, remembered for the hot heard round the world”in 1775.

Question 11

Second Continental Congress

Answer 11

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief.

Question 12

Thomas Paine

Answer 12

The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain.

Question 13

Common Sense

Answer 13

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that challenged the authority of the British Government to govern the colonies.

Question 14

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 14

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic-Republican party created to oppose federalists.

Question 15

Declaration of Independence

Answer 15

Document drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 that proclaimed the right of the American colonies to separate form Great Britain.

Question 16

Social contract theory

Answer 16

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed.

Question 17

Political culture

Answer 17

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how government should operate.

Question 18

Articles of Confederation

Answer 18

The compact between 13 original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states

Question 19

Critical period

Answer 19

The chaotic period from 1781 to 1789 after the American Revolution during which the former colonies were governed under the Articles of Confederation

Question 20

Shays Rebellion

Answer 20

A rebellion in which the army of 1500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shays marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms

Question 21

Constitutional Convention

Answer 21

The meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that was first intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but produced n entirely new document, the U.S. Constitution

Question 22

George Washington

Answer 22

Widely considered the Father of the Nation, he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention; and as the United States first president from 1789 to 1797

Question 23

Constitution

Answer 23

A document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government.

Question 24

Virginia Plan

Answer 24

A proposed framework for the constitution favoring large states. It called for a bicameral legislature, which would appoint executive and judicial officers

Question 25

New Jersey Plan

Answer 25

A framework for the constitution proposed by a group of small states; it called for a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life

Question 26

Great Compromise

Answer 26

The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the 2 houses; also made national law supreme

Question 27

Three-fifths compromise

Answer 27

Agreement reached at the constitutional convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purpose of determining population for representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Question 28

Electoral College

Answer 28

The system established by the constitution through which the president is chosen by electors from each state, which has as many electoral votes as it has members of Congress

Question 29

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 29

A key framer who envisioned a powerful central government, co-authored The federalist papers, and served as the first secretary of the treasury.

Question 30

Montesquieu

Answer 30

The french baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances.

Question 31

Federalism

Answer 31

The distribution of constitutional authority between state governments and the national government, with different powers and functions exercised by both.

Question 32

Separation of Powers

Answer 32

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the constitution

Question 33

Checks and Balances

Answer 33

A constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others

Question 34

Article I

Answer 34

Gives Congress its powers and limits. Congress is the legislative branch of the government, meaning they are the ones to make laws for the United States of America. The article also creates the two sections of Congress, which is called a bicameral legislature.

Question 35

Enumerated powers

Answer 35

The powers of the federal government that are specifically described in the Constitution are sometimes called ‘delegated’ or ‘expressed powers,’ but most often they are known as ‘enumerated powers,’ and they describe how a central government with three distinct branches can operate effectively.

Question 36

Necessary and Proper clause

Answer 36

A section of the United States Constitution that enables Congress to make the laws required for the exercise of its other powers established by the Constitution

Question 37

Implied Powers

Answer 37

Powers of U.S. government which have not been explicitly granted by the Constitution but that is implied by the necessary and proper clause to be delegated for the purpose of carrying out the enumerated powers.

Question 38

Article II

Answer 38

Sets forth the definition and terms of the Executive Branch of Government in the United States of America. The Executive Branch of any governmental structure is the one most likely to become powerful, thanks to the nature of executive power.

Question 39

Inherent Powers

Answer 39

Powers that Congress and the president need in order to get the job done right. Although not specified in the Constitution, they are reasonable powers that are a logical part of the powers delegated to Congress and the president.

Question 40

Article III

Answer 40

The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

Question 41

Article IV

Answer 41

Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

Question 42

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 42

A clause in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states.

Question 43

Article V

Answer 43

Describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation’s frame of government, may be altered. Altering the Constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification.

Question 44

Article VI

Answer 44

Establishes the laws and treaties of the United States made in accordance with it as the supreme law of the land, forbids a religious test as a requirement for holding a governmental position and holds the United States under the Constitution responsible for debts incurred …

Question 45

Supremacy Clause

Answer 45

The clause in United States Constitution’s Article VI, stating that all laws made furthering the Constitution and all treaties made under the authority of the United States are the “supreme law of the land.”

Question 46

Federalists

Answer 46

A person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority.

Question 47

Anti-Federalists

Answer 47

A person who opposed the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 48

James Madison

Answer 48

Member of the Continental Congress. A leader in the drafting of the Constitution, he worked tirelessly for its adoption by the states, contributing several essays to The Federalist Papers. He served as president from 1809 to 1817, after Thomas Jefferson.

Question 49

John Jay

Answer 49

American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, second Governor of New York, and the first Chief Justice of the United States

Question 50

The federalist papers

Answer 50

A collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym “Publius” to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Question 51

Bill of rights

Answer 51

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.