chapter 15

Question 1

affordable care act (aca)

Answer 1

a law consisting of two pieces of legislation that are collectively referred to as “Healthcare Reform” or “Obamacare”

Question 2

agenda setting

Answer 2

set of issues, problems, or subjects, that gets attention from people involved in policy making like government officials. … By choosing what issue to cover, the news media affects which issues the voters think are important, which, in turn, influences policy agenda.set of issues, problems, or subjects, that gets attention from people involved in policy making like government officials. … By choosing what issue to cover, the news media affects which issues the voters think are important, which, in turn, influences policy agenda.

Question 3

board of governors

Answer 3

a several-member group that oversees or manages the running of an institution.

Question 4

budget deficit

Answer 4

occurs when an individual, business or government budgets more spending than there is revenue available to pay for the spending, over a specific period of time. Debt is the aggregate value of deficits accumulated over time.

Question 5

charter school

Answer 5

publicly funded independent school established by teachers, parents, or community groups under the terms of a charter with a local or national authority.

Question 6

common core

Answer 6

a set of educational standards for teaching and testing English and mathematics between kindergarten and 12th grade.

Question 7

department of health and human services

Answer 7

The United States government’s principal agency for “protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.” Also known as DHHS and HHS.

Question 8

depression

Answer 8

a period of high unemployment and business failures

Question 9

discount rate

Answer 9

the minimum interest rate set by the Federal Reserve for lending to other banks.

Question 10

distributive policies

Answer 10

Aimed at ensuring proper distribution of opportunities, goods, services among different sections of society. Meant for specific groups / sections of society. Redistributive Policies Concerned with changing the existing distribution or allocation of resources or benefits.

Question 11

entitlement programs

Answer 11

a government program that guarantees certain benefits to a particular group or segment of the population.

Question 12

federal reserve system

Answer 12

he central bank of the United States. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system

Question 13

fiscal policy

Answer 13

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence the economy. According to Keynesian economics, when the government changes the levels of taxation and government spending, it influences aggregate demand and the level of economic activity

Question 14

governmental agenda

Answer 14

a list of subjects or problems to which government officials as well as individuals outside the government are paying serious attention at any given time, Although the media does often have an effect on the political agenda, these results are not always immediate.

Question 15

gross domestic product

Answer 15

the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.

Question 16

inflation

Answer 16

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money

Question 17

keynesian economics

Answer 17

describes the economics theories of John Maynard Keynes. … Keynes said capitalism is a good economic system. In a capitalist system, people earn money from their work. Businesses employ and pay people to work. Then people can spend their money on things they want.

Question 18

laissez-faire

Answer 18

abstention by governments from interfering in the workings of the free market

Question 19

means-tested programs

Answer 19

a determination of whether an individual or family is eligible for government assistance, based upon whether the individual or family possesses the means to do without that help.

Question 20

medicaid

Answer 20

a health care program that assists low-income families or individuals in paying for doctor visits, hospital stays, long-term medical, custodial care costs and more. Medicaid is a joint program, funded primarily by the federal government and run at the state level, where coverage may vary.

Question 21

medicare

Answer 21

the federal health insurance program for: People who are 65 or older. Certain younger people with disabilities. People with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD)

Question 22

monetary policy

Answer 22

is primarily concerned with the management of interest rates and the total supply of money in circulation and is generally carried out by central banks such as the U.S. Federal Reserve.

Question 23

national debt

Answer 23

the total amount of money that a country’s government has borrowed, by various means.

Question 24

no child left behind act

Answer 24

was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students

Question 25

non-means tested programs

Answer 25

a program that is not based on income or means of the recipient. For example, social security is a non means based program because it is given to anyone, regardless of their income, once they hit age for it and made the minimum contribution defined by the law. Means-Test.

Question 26

open market operations

Answer 26

An open market operation is an activity by a central bank to give liquidity in its currency to a bank or a group of banks

Question 27

policy adoption

Answer 27

third phase of the policy process in which policies are adopted by government bodies for future implementation.

Question 28

policy evaluation

Answer 28

evaluation principles and methods to examine the content, implementation or impact of a policy. Evaluation is the activity through which we develop an understanding of the merit, worth, and utility of a policy.

Question 29

policy formulation

Answer 29

he development of effective and acceptable courses of action for addressing what has been placed on the policy agenda

Question 30

policy implementation

Answer 30

third stage of policy cycle its means the stage of the policy process immediately after the passage of a law, or the action that will be taken to put the law into effect or that the problem will be solved.

Question 31

public policy

Answer 31

the principle that injury to the public good is a basis for denying the legality of a contract or other transaction.

Question 32

recession

Answer 32

a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.

Question 33

redistributive policies

Answer 33

A policy requirement whereby the government reallocates the wealth from one group in society to another group. It involves the direct provision of benefits to citizens through social programs such as welfare.

Question 34

regulatory policies

Answer 34

which aims to limit what can be done in the marketplace. Most governments have some regulations covering a variety of areas, including: Banking, insurance, and other financial businesses.

Question 35

reserve requirements

Answer 35

is a central bank regulation employed by most, but not all, of the world’s central banks, that sets the minimum amount of reserves that must be held by a commercial bank.

Question 36

social security act

Answer 36

now codified as 42 U.S.C. ch. 7, created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It created a basic right to a pension in old age, and insurance against unemployment.

Question 37

systemic agenda

Answer 37

all issues that are commonly perceived by members of the political community as meriting public attention and as involving matters within the legitimate jurisdiction of existing governmental authority

Question 38

vouchers

Answer 38

a small printed piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount or that may be exchanged for goods or services.