jade lamas-chapter 14 Flashcards
interest group
def: a collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy
sentence: Recruiting the practices through a special interest group is likely to have biased results.
progressive movement
def: a broad group of political and social activists from the 1890’s to the 1920’s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions
sentence: In the progressive movement. progressive era groups ranged from those rallying for public libraries and kindergartens to those seeking better labor conditions.
public interest group
def: an organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.
sentence: The progressives desire for reform led to an explosion of all types of interest groups, including single-issue, trade, labor and the first public interest group.
american federation of labor(AFL)
def: founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. it merged in 1995 with the congress of industrial organizations to form the AFL-CIO
sentence: Until the creation of the american federation of labor in 1886, no real national union activity had taken place.
national association of manufacturers
def: an organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor
sentence: The national association of manufacturers had suffered business losses in the economic panic of 1893.
U.S. chamber of commerce
def: a major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912
sentence: The second major business organization was the U.S. chamber of commerce.
trade association
def: a group that represents a specific industry
sentence: Trade associations were effective spokespersons for their member companies.
jerry falwell
def: a southern baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the moral majority
sentence: Jerry Falwell founded the first major new religious interest group, the Moral Majority.
moral majority
def: conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative evangelical christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency of ronald reagan
sentence: The moral majority was widely credited with assisting in the election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980.
pat robertson
def: a southern baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the christian coalition
sentence: Pat Robertson formed the christian coalition in 1989.
christian coalition
def: religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative christian principles and traditional values in american politics
sentence: The christian coalition has grown in power and influence, since founded in 1989 by pat robertson.
national rifle association (NRA)
def: major gun-rights lobbying group in the united states, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the second amendment
sentence: The NFA remains a potent player in the political process.
AFL-CLO
def: a large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the american federation of labor(AFL) and its one-time rival the congress of industrial organizations (CIO).
sentence: The AFL-CIO immediately channeled its energies into pressuring the government to protect concessions won from employers at the bargaining table and to other issues.
social capital
def: cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems.
sentence: Political scientists think that involvement in community groups and activities with others of like interests enhance social capital.
civic virtue
def: the tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good
sentence: Civic virtue creates fertile ground within communities for improved political and economic development.
pluralist theory
def: theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups
sentence: David B. Truman believed in the pluralist theory and was pluralist theorist.
disturbance theory
def: theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system
sentence: David B. Truman explain the formation of interest groups through disturbance theory.
transactions theory
def: theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors
sentence: Transactions theory arose out of criticisms of the pluralist approach.
collective good
def: something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment
sentence: Olson uses the assumptions to argue that, especially in the case of collective goods, it makes a little sense for individuals to join a group if they can gain the benefits secured by others at no cost and become “free riders.”
economic interest group
def: a group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members
sentence: The three largest categories of economic interest groups, labor organizations, and organizations representing the interests of farmers.
political action commitee
def: officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.
sentence: Amendments to the federal election campaign act made it legal businesses, labor unions, and interest groups to form political action committees, officially registered fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups in the political process.
lobbying
def: activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position
sentence: Lobbying is at the top of most interest groups’ agendas because it allows groups to effectively pursue their policy agendas by seeking to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position.
marian wright edelman
def: a lawyer who in 1973 founded the children’s defense fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups
sentence: Marian W. Edelman has continued her father’s work as president of Liberty University.
patron
def: a person who finances a group or individual activity
sentence: Governments, foundations, and wealthy individuals can serve as patrons, providing crucial start-up funds for groups, especially public interest groups.
