jade lamas-chapter 14

Question 1

interest group

Answer 1

def: a collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy
sentence: Recruiting the practices through a special interest group is likely to have biased results.

Question 2

progressive movement

Answer 2

def: a broad group of political and social activists from the 1890’s to the 1920’s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions
sentence: In the progressive movement. progressive era groups ranged from those rallying for public libraries and kindergartens to those seeking better labor conditions.

Question 3

public interest group

Answer 3

def: an organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.
sentence: The progressives desire for reform led to an explosion of all types of interest groups, including single-issue, trade, labor and the first public interest group.

Question 4

american federation of labor(AFL)

Answer 4

def: founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. it merged in 1995 with the congress of industrial organizations to form the AFL-CIO
sentence: Until the creation of the american federation of labor in 1886, no real national union activity had taken place.

Question 5

national association of manufacturers

Answer 5

def: an organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor
sentence: The national association of manufacturers had suffered business losses in the economic panic of 1893.

Question 6

U.S. chamber of commerce

Answer 6

def: a major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912
sentence: The second major business organization was the U.S. chamber of commerce.

Question 7

trade association

Answer 7

def: a group that represents a specific industry
sentence: Trade associations were effective spokespersons for their member companies.

Question 8

jerry falwell

Answer 8

def: a southern baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the moral majority
sentence: Jerry Falwell founded the first major new religious interest group, the Moral Majority.

Question 9

moral majority

Answer 9

def: conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative evangelical christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency of ronald reagan
sentence: The moral majority was widely credited with assisting in the election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980.

Question 10

pat robertson

Answer 10

def: a southern baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the christian coalition
sentence: Pat Robertson formed the christian coalition in 1989.

Question 11

christian coalition

Answer 11

def: religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative christian principles and traditional values in american politics
sentence: The christian coalition has grown in power and influence, since founded in 1989 by pat robertson.

Question 12

national rifle association (NRA)

Answer 12

def: major gun-rights lobbying group in the united states, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the second amendment
sentence: The NFA remains a potent player in the political process.

Question 13

AFL-CLO

Answer 13

def: a large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the american federation of labor(AFL) and its one-time rival the congress of industrial organizations (CIO).
sentence: The AFL-CIO immediately channeled its energies into pressuring the government to protect concessions won from employers at the bargaining table and to other issues.

Question 14

social capital

Answer 14

def: cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems.
sentence: Political scientists think that involvement in community groups and activities with others of like interests enhance social capital.

Question 15

civic virtue

Answer 15

def: the tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good
sentence: Civic virtue creates fertile ground within communities for improved political and economic development.

Question 16

pluralist theory

Answer 16

def: theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups
sentence: David B. Truman believed in the pluralist theory and was pluralist theorist.

Question 17

disturbance theory

Answer 17

def: theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system
sentence: David B. Truman explain the formation of interest groups through disturbance theory.

Question 18

transactions theory

Answer 18

def: theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors
sentence: Transactions theory arose out of criticisms of the pluralist approach.

Question 19

collective good

Answer 19

def: something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment
sentence: Olson uses the assumptions to argue that, especially in the case of collective goods, it makes a little sense for individuals to join a group if they can gain the benefits secured by others at no cost and become “free riders.”

Question 20

economic interest group

Answer 20

def: a group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members
sentence: The three largest categories of economic interest groups, labor organizations, and organizations representing the interests of farmers.

Question 21

political action commitee

Answer 21

def: officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.
sentence: Amendments to the federal election campaign act made it legal businesses, labor unions, and interest groups to form political action committees, officially registered fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups in the political process.

Question 22

lobbying

Answer 22

def: activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position
sentence: Lobbying is at the top of most interest groups’ agendas because it allows groups to effectively pursue their policy agendas by seeking to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position.

Question 23

marian wright edelman

Answer 23

def: a lawyer who in 1973 founded the children’s defense fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups
sentence: Marian W. Edelman has continued her father’s work as president of Liberty University.

Question 24

patron

Answer 24

def: a person who finances a group or individual activity
sentence: Governments, foundations, and wealthy individuals can serve as patrons, providing crucial start-up funds for groups, especially public interest groups.

Question 25

free rider problem

Answer 25

def: potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort
sentence: The downside of people not join groups or work is free rider problem.

Question 26

lobbying disclosure act

Answer 26

def: a 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyists
sentence: The lobbying disclosure act employed a strict definition of lobbyist.

Question 27

honest leadership and open government act of 2007

Answer 27

def: lobbying reform banning gifts to members of congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector
sentence: Congress attempted to remedy the variety of lobbying scandals by passing the honest leadership and open government act of 2007.

Question 28

American anti-slavery society

Answer 28

def: a interest group to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the US.
sentence: The American Anti-Slavery society had about 250,000 members and was founded in 1833.

Question 29

women’s christian temperance union (WCTU)

Answer 29

def: public interest group with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons.
sentence: The WCTU was created in 1874 and members believed alcohol was evil to family life.

Question 30

The grange

Answer 30

def: educational organization for farmers, The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas
sentence: The Grange also was formed during the first period after the civil war.

Question 31

lobbyist

Answer 31

def: interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion.
sentence: The central pacific railroad sent its own lobbyist to Washington, D.C., in 1861, where he eventually became the clerk of the committees of both houses of congress that were charged with overseeing regulation of the railroad industry.