chapter 5- jade lamas Flashcards
harriet tubman
born a slave in maryland in the early 1820’s, tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the underground railroad. she led more than 70 people to freedom in the north, served in the union during the civil war, and championed women’s suffrage.
abolitionist
a supporter, especially in the early 19th century, of ending the institution of slavery.
civil rights
the government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals.
equal protection clause
section of the fourteenth amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws.”
fredrick douglass
a former slave born in the early 1800’s who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist.
elizabeth cady stanton
leading 19th century feminist, suffragist and abolitionist who, along with lucretia mott, organized the seneca falls convention. stanton later founded the national woman suffrage association with susan b. anthony.
lucretia mott
leading 19th century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with elizabeth, organized the seneca falls convention.
seneca falls convention
the first major feminist meeting, held in new york state in 1848, which produced the historic “declaration of sentiments” calling for equal rights for women.
dred scott v. sandford
a supreme court decision that ruled the missouri compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved african americans. dred scott heightened tensions between the pro-slavery south an the abolitionist north in the run up to the civil war.
emancipation proclamation
president abraham lincoln issued this proclamation on january 1, 1863, in the 3rd year of the civil war. it freed all slaves in states that were in active rebellion against the united states.
13th amendment
1 of the 3 major amendments ratified after the civil war; specifically bans slavery in the u.s.
14th amendment
1 of the 3 major amendments ratified after the civil war; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all u.s. citizens.
15th amendment
1 of the 3 major amendments ratified after the civil war; specifically enfranchised newly male slaves.
susan b. anthony
19th century feminist, suffragist, and founder of the national women suffrage association with elizabeth cady stanton. anthony later formed the national american woman suffrage association, which along with the national women’s party helped to ensure ratification to the 19th amendment.
civil rights act of 1875
passed by congress to enforce the 14th amendment’s guarantees of equal protection to african americans. granted equal access to public accommodations among other provisions.
jim crow laws
laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations.
poll taxes
taxes levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot.
grandfather clause
voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test.
progressive era
a period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social ills in the u.s.
plessy v. ferguson
supreme court case that challenged a louisiana statue requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites; the court found out that separate-but-equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.
separate-but-equal doctrine
the central tenet of the plessy v. ferguson decision that claimed that separate accommodations for blacks and whites did not violate the constitution.
NAACP
an important rights organization founded in 1909 to oppose segregation, racism, and voting rights violations targeted against african americans.