Jack C Richard Speaking

Question 1

What does Richard say about teaching speaking

Answer 1

The success of a language course is measured by the learner’s speaking ability to converse in the target lan.

2 approaches to teach speaking
Direct - focusing on different features of oral communication (turn taking, topic management)
Indirect creating conditions for OC

Luoma characteristics of spoken discourse
Consist of idea units
Planned or unplanned
Fixed phrases, fillers, hesitation markers
Online processing
Variation
Slips and errors
Reciprocity
Speaker roles and goals are represented.

Richard, 2019 
There are several functions of speaking 
Talk as interaction
Talk as transaction 
Talk as performance 
They need separate, individual teaching

Question 2

Talk as interaction
• features
• skills

Answer 2

Simply conversation 
Serves primarily a social function 
Can be casual or formal 
Use conversational routines and registers
Highly collaborative, and interactional
Shows reciprocity 
Not messaged based 

Purpose of teaching - to present themselves in speaking situations. Not messaged focused,
Teaching how to engage in speaking and maintain reciprocity

Skills 
How to open and close conversations 
Turn taking 
Responding to others
Choose topics 
Small talk 
Using appropriate style, registers and routines.

Question 3

Talk as transaction

Answer 3

Conversation where the the focus is on what is said that how it said or done

Messaged based,
Central focus is one message and how it is communicated and understood by the participants accurately and correctly.

Burns, 2 types
•Situs where info is given and received
• obtaining good and services

Linguistic accuracy is not very important
Communication strategies are employed
Negotiation and digression can be seen
Questions repetitions and confirmation checks are notable features

Teaching this it to teach Jones (1996) to focus on meaning and guiding learners towards understanding.

Skills
Asking questions 
Describing 
Confirmation, clarification checking 
Justifying 
Clarifying meaning 
Agreeing/ disagreeing

Question 4

Talk as performance

Answer 4

Type of speech that transmit information before an audience
Monologic
Focus on form, language and accuracy
- recognizable format
-ideas organized in a sequence
-use of accurate vocs and grammar
Evaluated according to the impact made on the audience

Skills
Use correct format
Arrange ideas in a orderly sequence
Engage the audience and create impact on them
Use correct vocabulary grammar and pronunciation
Open and closing

Question 5

What examples for these types if speech

Answer 5

Talk as interaction
•meeting a friend over coffee
• conversation with a passenger in a flight
• going on a date
• informal conversation with a professor and student

Talk as transaction
• asking for directions
• ordering from a catalogue
• booking a flight ticket

Talk as performance
• delivering a speech
• class debate
•presentation

Through teaching these various types students develop several skills that are needed for speaking