IV,DV,hypotheses,variables

Question 1

what are independent variables?

Answer 1

things that can change in order to see what happens e.g. change noise volume to see if people work harder

Question 2

what are dependent variables?

Answer 2

• things that change-the outcome you measure

- change in IV should change DV e.g measure of amount work ppts did

Question 3

what are extraneous variables?

Answer 3

factors other than the IV and the DV that might change during course of study

Question 4

what are participant variables?

Answer 4

differences between ppts themselves e.g. intelligence,level of education,personality

Question 5

what are situational variables?

Answer 5

changes that occur in situation ppts are in e.g. weather&heat, outside interference-noise,business

Question 6

what are experimenter effects?

Answer 6

changes the experimenter makes usually without realising it-treating some ppts differently from others
-form of bias-involves encouraging ppts to act/respond in particular way ough body language/tone of voice

Question 7

what are demand characteristics?

Answer 7

when ppts behave unnaturally because they believe they know the purpose of research they’re taking part in-adapt behaviour to what they think experimenter wants

Question 8

what is a directional/one-tailed hypothesis?

Answer 8

states the kind of difference between IV and DV e,g, one group will do better than the other

Question 9

what is a non-directional hypothesis/two-tailed hypothesis?

Answer 9

predicts that there will be a difference between conditions-doesn’t specify what the difference will be

Question 10

what is operationalisation?

Answer 10

saying what they are going to observe e.g. aggression-how many punches the ppt gives

Question 11

what is a null hypothesis?

Answer 11

IV won’t affect the DV