IT101-1 Prelims 1st sem

Question 1

: the two major componentsof any computer system

Answer 1

Hardware and software

Question 2

equipment, or devices

Answer 2

Hardware:

Question 3

programs that contain instructions for thecomputer

Answer 3

Software:

Question 4

allow data to enter thecomputer

Answer 4

Input devices:

Question 5

working on the data

Answer 5

Processing:

Question 6

hardware thatperforms the tasks

Answer 6

Central Processing Unit (CPU):

Question 7

provide data to the user* Printer, monitor, speakers

Answer 7

output devices:

Question 8

: special languagecontaining instructions for the compute

Answer 8

Programming language

Question 9

rules governing word usage andpunctuation in the language

Answer 9

Syntax:

Question 10

controls the computer’s on/offcircuitry

Answer 10

Machine language:

Question 11

software that translatesprogramming languages to machine language

Answer 11

Compiler or interpreter:

Question 12

Program must be free of ______________ to be run,or executed, on a compute

Answer 12

syntax errors

Question 13

To function properly, the_______ must be correct

Answer 13

logic

Question 14

are moredifficult to locate than syntax errors

Answer 14

Logic errors, or semantic errors,

Question 15

a pictorial representation of thelogic steps

Answer 15

Flowchart:

Question 16

Natural language representationof the logic

Answer 16

Pseudocode:

Question 17

entire set of actions organizationmust take to switch over to new program(s)

Answer 17

Conversion:

Question 18

Maintaining the Program

Answer 18

• Maintenance
• Making changes after the program is put into production

Question 19

Understanding Interactive User Input

Answer 19

• Asks the user for a response

Question 20

message displayed on a monitor

Answer 20

• Prompt:

Question 21

location to type entries tocommunicate with the operating system

Answer 21

Command prompt:

Question 22

allows usersto interact with a program in a graphicalenvironment

Answer 22

Graphical User Interface (GUI):

Question 23

Input and output values

Answer 23

Input symbol

Question 24

compute or action

Answer 24

Processing symbol

Question 25

• Connect the steps

Answer 25

Flowlines:

Question 26

Shows the start and end points of thestatements

Answer 26

Terminal symbol (start/stop symbol):*

Question 27

a sequence of statements thatrepeats forever with no escape

Answer 27

Infinite loop:

Question 28

testing a value

Answer 28

Decision:

Question 29

Does not represent real data

Answer 29

Sentinel value (or dummy value)*

Question 30

Code stored in the file that marks the end of thedata

Answer 30

End-of-file (EOF) marker:*

Question 31

Marks a logic transfer to another location in theflowchart

Answer 31

Flowchart connector symbol:*

Question 32

has an address and a value

Answer 32

Memory location:

Question 33

is used for various operations

Answer 33

Value (contents)

Question 34

Two basic data types

Answer 34

:* Text, Numeric

Question 35

stored by numeric variables

Answer 35

Numeric data

Question 36

stored by string, text, or charactervariables

Answer 36

Text data

Question 37

:* Values that do not change while the program isrunning

Answer 37

Constants

Question 38

Four major computer operations:*

Answer 38

Input
Processing
Output
Storage

Question 39

Six programming phases:

Answer 39

• Understand the problem
• Plan the logic
• Code the program
• Translate the program to machine language
• Test the program
• Deploy the program

Question 40

the equal (=) sign inmost languages

Answer 40

Assignment operator:

Question 41

focuses on actionsperformed on data

Answer 41

Procedural programming:

Question 42

focuses onrepresenting and manipulating objects

Answer 42

Object-oriented programming:

Question 43

• All the text, numbers, and other information thatare processed by a computer

Answer 43

Data items

Question 44

• Statement that provides a data type and anidentifier for a variable

Answer 44

Declaration

Question 45

Variable’s name

Answer 45

Identifier

Question 46

Declare a starting value for any variable

Answer 46

Initializing a variable

Question 47

Variable’s unknown value before initialization

Answer 47

Garbage

Question 48

• Specific numeric value

Answer 48

Numeric constant (or literal numeric constant)

Question 49

String of characters enclosed within quotationmarks

Answer 49

String constant (or literal string constant)*

Question 50

Do not have identifiers like variables do

Answer 50

Unnamed constants

Question 51

• Can hold text* Letters of the alphabe

Answer 51

String variable

Question 52

• Similar to a variable* Can be assigned a value only once* Assign a useful name to a value that will never bechanged during a program’s execution

Answer 52

named constant

Question 53

• Unnamed constant* Purpose is not immediately apparent* Avoid this

Answer 53

Magic number

Question 54

Standard arithmetic operators:

Answer 54

• • (plus sign)—addition
• − (minus sign)—subtraction*
• (asterisk)—multiplication
• / (slash)—division

Question 55

• Repeating input back to a user either in asubsequent prompt or in output

Answer 55

Echoing input

Question 56

selection structure* Provides an action for each of two possibleoutcomes

Answer 56

Dual-alternative (or binary)

Question 57

selection structure* Action is provided for only one outcome

Answer 57

Single-alternative (or unary)

Question 58

Involves thinking in double negatives

Answer 58

“Not equal” operator

Question 59

Using the wrong operator

Answer 59

Common errors

Question 60

• Asks multiple questions before anoutcome is determine

Answer 60

Compound condition*

Question 61

• Requires that both of two testsevaluate to true

Answer 61

AND decision

Question 62

r Ask two or more questions in a single comparison

Answer 62

conditional AND operator

Question 63

Describe the truth of an entire expression based onthe truth of its parts

Answer 63

Truth tables

Question 64

Expression evaluated only as far as necessary todetermine truth

Answer 64

Short-circuit evaluation

Question 65

Take action when one or the other of twoconditions is true

Answer 65

OR decision

Question 66

Ask two or more questions in a single comparison

Answer 66

Conditional OR operator

Question 67

compare a variable to a series of values betweenlimits

Answer 67

Range check

Question 68

n requires that both conditionsbe true to produce a true result

Answer 68

AND decision

Question 69

an AND decision, first ask the question thatis ___________

Answer 69

less likely to be true

Question 70

requires that either of theconditions be true to produce a true result

Answer 70

An OR decision

Question 71

In an OR decision, first ask the question that is

Answer 71

more likely to be true

Question 72

Logically snarled program statements

Answer 72

Spaghetti code

Question 73

Do not follow the rules of structured logic

Answer 73

unstructured programs*

Question 74

Do follow rules of structured logic

Answer 74

Structured programs*

Question 75

unit of programming logic

Answer 75

Structure Basic

Question 76

Perform actions in order* No branching or skipping any task

Answer 76

Sequence

Question 77

Repeat actions based on answer to a question

Answer 77

Loop

Question 78

Perform actions inorder* No branching orskipping any task

Answer 78

Sequence

Question 79

Situation where nothing is done

Answer 79

null case

Question 80

Repeats a set of actions based on the answerto a question

Answer 80

Loop structure

Question 81

Attaching structures end-to-end

Answer 81

stacking

Question 82

Placing one structure within another* Indent the nested structure’s statements

Answer 82

Nesting

Question 83

Group of statements that execute as a single unit

Answer 83

Block

Question 84

Reads the first input data record

Answer 84

Priming read (or priming input)*

Question 85

number of iterations predetermined* Also called counted loop

Answer 85

Definite loop:

Question 86

numeric variable used to count numberof times an event occurs

Answer 86

Counter:

Question 87

variable may be altered by userinpu

Answer 87

Loop control

Question 88

: loop iterates until some conditionis true

Answer 88

Indefinite loop

Question 89

any variable thatdetermines whether the loop will continue

Answer 89

Loop control variable:

Question 90

loops within loops

Answer 90

Nested loops:

Question 91

loop that contains the other loop

Answer 91

Outer loop:

Question 92

loop that is contained

Answer 92

Inner loop:

Question 93

variable that gathers values

Answer 93

Accumulator:

Question 94

make sure data falls in acceptableranges

Answer 94

Validate data:

Question 95

can be only true or false

Answer 95

Boolean expressions

Question 96

are used when we want to execute a block of code repeatedly until some condition becomes true.

Answer 96

Looping statements

Question 97

allows the program to repeat a set of instructions multiple times.

Answer 97

iteration statement

Question 98

executes at least once, while the while loop may not execute if the initial condition is false.

Answer 98

The do…while loop

Question 99

• Holds the action or actions that execute when
  the tested condition in the decision is true

Answer 99

if-then clause

Question 100

• Executes only when the tested condition in the
  decision is false

Answer 100

else clause

Question 101

Range check
* Compare a variable to a series of values between
limits

Answer 101

Range check