Cs100 prelims (pt 3) Flashcards
1
Q
is a case thatcontains electronic componentsof the computer used to process data
A
system unit
2
Q
is the main circuit board of the system unit
A
motherboard
3
Q
contains integrated circuits
A
computer chip
4
Q
,interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate acomputer
A
processor,
5
Q
What is the processor also called?
A
also called the central processing unit (CPU)
6
Q
is the component of the processor thatdirects and coordinates most of the operations in thecomputer
A
control unit
7
Q
performs arithmetic,comparison, and other operation
A
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
8
Q
(ALU)
A
arithmetic logic unit
9
Q
processor contains ___________, thattemporarily hold data and instructions
A
registers
10
Q
controls the timing ofall computer operations
A
system clock
11
Q
The pace of the ____________ is called the __________, and is measured in _____________
A
system clock, clockspeed, gigahertz (GHz)
12
Q
(GHz)
A
gigahertz
13
Q
are continuous and vary instrength and quality
A
Analog signals
14
Q
are in one of two states: on or off
A
Digital signals
15
Q
uses two unique digits
A
The binary system
16
Q
is themost widely used coding scheme torepresent data
A
ASCII (American Standard Code forInformation Interchange)
17
Q
ASCII )
A
(American Standard Code forInformation Interchange
18
Q
consists of electronic components that storeinstructions waiting to be executed by the processor, dataneeded by those instructions, and the results of processing thedata
A
Memory
19
Q
Memory size is measured in:
A
kilobytes (KB or K),
megabytes(MB),
gigabytes (GB),
terabytes (TB)
20
Q
Loses its contents whenpower is turned of
A
Volatile memory
21
Q
Does not lose contentswhen power is removed
A
Nonvolatile memory
22
Q
usually reside on a memory module and are insertedinto memory slots
A
RAM chips
23
Q
Three basic types of RAM chips exist:
A
Dynamic RAM
Static RAM (SRAM)
Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
24
Q
speeds the processes of the computer because it storesfrequently used instructions and data
A
Memory cache
25
refers to memorychips storing permanent data and instructions
Read-only memory (ROM)
26
(ROM)
Read-only memory
27
chip is a blank ROM chip that can be written topermanently
A PROM (programmable read-only memory)
28
A PROM
(programmable read-only memory)
29
can be erased electronically and rewritten
Flash memory
30
provides high speeds and consumes littlepower
CMOS technology
31
is the amount of time it takes the processor to readfrom memory
Access time
32
is a socket onthe motherboard that can hold anadapter card
expansion slot
33
converts the walloutlet AC power into DC power
power supply
34
enhancesfunctions of a component of thesystem unit and/or providesconnections to peripherals
An adapter card
35
joins a cable to a port
connector
36
, the computer automatically can configureadapter cards and other peripherals as you install them
Plug and Play
37
is the point at which a peripheralattaches to or communicates with asystem unit
port
38
can connect up to 127 different peripherals togetherwith a single connector
USB port
39
You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a ______
USBhub
40
allows the various devicesboth inside and attached to thesystem unit to communicate witheach other
bus
41
is the number of bitsthe processor can interpret andexecute at a given time
Word size
42
is an opening inside thesystem unit in which you caninstall additional equipment
bay
43
typically holds diskdrives
A drive bay
44
typically holds diskdrives
A drive bay
45
which is an external powersupply
AC adapter,
46
is any data and instructions entered into the memory of acomputer
Input
47
, also known as the cursor, is a symbol on thescreen that indicates where the next character you type willappea
insertion point
48
incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into thedesign of the workplace
Ergonomics
49
is an input device that contains keys users press toenter data and instructions into a computer
keyboard
50
is a pointing device that fits under the palm of yourhand comfortably
mouse
51
is a touch-sensitive display device
touch screen
52
you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write,draw, or make selections
pen input,
53
is a mobile device that allows users to takepictures and store them digitally
digital camera
54
is the process ofentering input by speaking into amicrophone
Voice input
55
is thecomputer’s capability ofdistinguishing spoken words
Voice recognition
56
is the process of entering any sound into thecompute
Audio input
57
is a meeting between two or moregeographically separated people
video conference
58
is a document that has been output from acomputer with some extra information added to it and return to thecompany that creates and sends it.
turnaround document
59
reads hand-drawn marks such assmall circles or rectangles
Optical mark recognition (OMR)
60
(OMR)
Optical mark recognition
61
uses laserbeams to read bar codes
bar code reader (scanner)
62
read the magnetic stripe on theback of cards
Magnetic stripe card readers
63
devices read text printed withmagnetized ink
MICR (magnetic ink character recognition)
64
MICR
(magnetic ink character recognition)
65
is data that has been processed into a useful form
Output
66
is an Internet service that provides storage tocomputer users
Cloud storage
67
offers a crisper,higher-quality output
Digital television (DTV)
68
(DTV)
Digital television
69
visually conveystext, graphics, and videoinformation
display device
70
uses a liquid compound to presentinformation on a display device
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
71
are display devices that use gas plasmatechnology and offer screen sizes up to 150 inches
Plasma monitors
72
is a touch-sensitive device,resembling a dry-erase board, that displays the image on aconnected computer screen
interactive whiteboard
73
is packaged as aseparate periphera
monitor
74
is the most advanced form of digitaltelevision
HDTV
75
controls the manipulation and displayof graphics on a display device
graphics processing unit (GPU)
76
(GPU)
graphics processing unit
77
is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode-raytube
CRT monitor
78
produces text andgraphics on a physicalmedium
printer
79
forms characters and graphics on a piece ofpaper without actually striking the paper
nonimpact printer
80
forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops ofliquid ink onto a piece of paper
ink-jet printer
81
produces colorphoto-lab-quality pictures
photo printer
82
generates images by pushing electricallyheated pins against the heat-sensitive paper
thermal printer
83
is a small,lightweight, battery-poweredprinter that allows a mobileuser to print from a notebookcomputer, smart phone, orother mobile device
mobile printer
84
is a small printer that prints on adhesive-typemateria
label printer
85
are used to produce high-quality drawings
Plotters
86
create photo-realistic quality color printson a larger scale
Large-format printers
87
form characters and graphics on a piece ofpaper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon thatphysically contacts the paper
Impact printers
88
prints an entireline at a time
Line printer
89
deviceproduces music, speech, or other sounds
audio output
90
are speakers thatcover or are placed outside ofthe ear
Headphones
91
(also called earphones)rest inside the ear canal
Earbuds
92
occurs when you hear aperson’s voice or when the computertalks to you through the speakers
Voice output
93
is a devicethat takes the text and imagesdisplaying on a computerscreen and projects them on alarger screen
data projector
94
holds data, instructions, andinformation for future use
Storage
95
is the physicalmaterial on which a computer keepsdata, instructions, and information
storage medium
96
is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold
Capacity
97
is the computer hardware that records and/orretrieves items to and from storage media
storage device
98
contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magneticparticles to store data, instructions, and information
hard disk
99
is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors sothat the operating system can store and locate data and information onthe disk
Formatting
100
is a group of twoor more integrated hard disks
RAID (redundant array of independent disks)
101
RAID
(redundant array of independent disks)
102
device is a server connectedto a network with the sole purpose of providing storage
network attached storage (NAS)
103
(NAS)
network attached storage
104
is a separate free-standing hard disk that connects to yourcomputer with a cable or wirelessly
external hard disk
105
is a hard disk thatyou insert and remove from a drive
removable hard disk
106
is a removable flash memory device that youinsert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, orcard reader/write
memory card
107
plug into a USB port on a computer or mobiledevice
USB flash drives
108
is aremovable device that fits in anExpressCard slot
ExpressCard module
109
Stores photos from anonline photo cente
Archive disc
110
Single-session CD-ROMthat stores digitalversions of film
Picture CD
111
is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing largeamounts of data and information
Tape
112
drive reads and writes data and information on a tape
tape
113
_____ and _____store microscopic images ofdocuments on a roll or sheet film
Microfilm and microfiche
114
contains a magnetic stripe thatstores information
magnetic stripe card
115
stores data on athin microprocessorembedded in the card
smart card
116
defines how a number can berepresented using distinct symbols
number system
117
another word for base?
Radix
118
binary is derived from the
Latin root bini (or two by two
119
decimal is derived from the
Latin root decem
120
hexadecimal is derived from the
Greek root hex (6)
121
octal is derived from the
Latin root octo
122
A process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instruction, and information
Computer communication
