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IT 360T > IT: Chapter 4: IT infrastructure: Hardware and Software > Flashcards

IT: Chapter 4: IT infrastructure: Hardware and Software Flashcards

1
Q

Data Center

A

a facility housing computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications, storage, security systems, and backup power supplies

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2
Q

IT infrastructure

A

provides the foundation, or platform, for supporting all the information systems in the business

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3
Q

Infrastructure Components ABBREV

A

CCDNT

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4
Q

Infrastructure Components

A 
Computer Hardware
Computer Software
Data management Software
Networking and telecommunications technology
Technology Services
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5
Q

Computer Hardware

A

Technology for computer processing, data storage, input and output

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6
Q

System Software

A

manages the resources and activities of the computer

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7
Q

Application Software

A

applies the computer to a specific task for an end user, such as processing an order or generating a mailing list

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8
Q

Data management software

A

organizes, manages, and processes business data concerned with inventory, customers, and vendors

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9
Q

Legacy Systems

A

generally older transaction processing systems created for older computers that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning them

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10
Q

Workstations

A

more powerful mathematical and graphics-processing capabilities than a PC

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11
Q

Servers

A

support computer network, sharing files, and resources

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12
Q

Mainframes

A

large-capacity high-performance computer that can process large amounts of data very rapidly

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13
Q

Supercomputer

A

specially designed and more sophisticated computer that is used for task requiring extremely rapid and complex calculations with thousands of variables, millions of measurements

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14
Q

Grid computing

A

involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a “virtual supercomputer” by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid

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15
Q

Distributed processing

A

the use of multiple computers linked by a communications network for processing

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16
Q

Centralized processing

A

all processing is accomplished in one large central computer

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17
Q

Client

A

the user point of entry for the required function (a desktop or a laptop)

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18
Q

Server

A

store and process shared data and also perform functions

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19
Q

Two-tiered client/server architecture

A

uses two types of machines

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20
Q

Multi-tiered client/server architecture (N-tier)

A

balances load of network over several levels of servers

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21
Q

Two servers in Multi-tiered client/server architecture

A

Web servers

Application servers

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22
Q

Web servers

A

responsible for locating and managing stored Web pages

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23
Q

Application servers

A

handles all application operations between a user and an organization’s back end business systems.

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24
Q

Peripheral devices

A

storage and input and output devices that are outside the main computer system unit

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25
Q

Secondary Storage Technology ABBREB

A

MOMSIO

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26
Q

Secondary Storage Technology

A 
Magnetic Disk
Optical Disks
Magnetic Tape
Storage Networking: SANSI
Input Devices 
Output Devices
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27
Q

Magnetic Disk

A

Hard drives, USB Flash drives

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28
Q

One type of Magnetic Disks

A

RAID

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29
Q

RAID

A

can package hundreds of drives for massive storage requirements

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30
Q

Optical Disks

A

CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-RW

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31
Q

Magnetic tape

A

older storage technology

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32
Q

Storage Networking: SANs

A

connect multiple storage devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage

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33
Q

Input Devices

A

gather data and convert them into electronic form for use by the computer

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34
Q

Output devices

A

display data after they have been processed

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35
Q

Nanotechnolgoy

A

uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit

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36
Q

Virtualization

A

the process of presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location

37
Q

Server Virtualization

A

running more than one operating system at the same time on single machine

38
Q

Cloud Computing

A

a model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a pool of virtualized resources over a network, primarily the Internet.

39
Q

Three types of servers in Cloud Computing ABBREV

A

IPS

40
Q

Three types of servers in Cloud Computing

A

Cloud infrastructure as a service
Cloud Platform as a service
Cloud Software as a service

41
Q

Cloud infrastructure as a service

A

Customers use processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from cloud service providers to run their information

42
Q

Cloud Platform as a service

A

Customers use infrastructure and programming tolls supported by the cloud service provider to develop their own applications

43
Q

Cloud Software as a service

A

Customers use software hosted by the vendor on the vendor’s cloud infrastructure and delivered over network

44
Q

Public Cloud

A

owned and maintained by a cloud service provider such as Amazon Web Service and made available to the general public or industry group

45
Q

Private Cloud

A

operated solely for an organization

46
Q

Utility Computing

A

purchase computing services from remote providers and pay only for the amount of computing power they actually use

47
Q

Green Computing

A

refers to the practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computer hardware

48
Q

Multicore processor

A

an integrated circuit to which two or more processor cores have been attached for enhanced performance and reduced power consumption

49
Q

Autonomic Computing

A

an industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction

50
Q

Major types of Software ABBREV

A

UASH

51
Q

Major types of Software

A

Users
Application Software
System Software
Hardware

52
Q

Application software ABBREV

A

PFS

53
Q

Application software

A

Programming Languages
Fourth-generation languages
Software and desktop productivity tools

54
Q

System Software ABBREV

A

OLU

55
Q

System Software

A

Operating system
Language translators
Utility Programs

56
Q

Operating System

A

the system software that manages and controls the computer’s activities

57
Q

GUIs

A

makes extensive use of icons, buttons, bars and boxes to perform tasks

58
Q

Multi-touch

A

allow you to use one or more fingers to perform special gestures to manipulate lists or objects on a screen without using a mouse or keyboard

59
Q

Open source

A

provides all computer users with free access to its program code, to fix errors and make improvements

60
Q

COBOL

A

processing large data files with alphanumeric characters and for business reporting

61
Q

C, C++

A

combines machine portability with tight control and efficient use of computer resources

62
Q

Visual Basic

A

visual programming tool for creating applications that runs on Microsoft Windows

63
Q

Visual programming language

A

allows users to manipulate graphic or iconic elements to create programs

64
Q

Fourth-generation languages

A

consist of a variety of software tools that enable end users to develop software applications with minimal or no technical assistance or that enhances professional programmers’ productivity.

65
Q

Software package

A

prewritten, precoded, commercially available set of programs that eliminates the need to write their own software programs

66
Q

Word Processing software

A

stores text data electronically as a computer file rather than on paper

67
Q

Spreadsheet software

A

organizes data into a grid of columns and rows

68
Q

Data management Software

A

has facilities for creating files and databases and for storing, modifying, and manipulating data for reports and queries

69
Q

Presentation graphics

A

convert numeric data into charts and other types of graphics and can include multimedia displays of sound animation, photos, and video clips

70
Q

Software suites

A

office for home and business users, ex. Microsoft office

71
Q

Web Browsers

A

used for displaying Web pages and for accessing the Web and other Internet resources.

72
Q

Java

A

an operating system-independent, processor independent, object-oriented programming language

73
Q

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A

page description language for specifying how text, graphic, video and sound are placed on a Web page and for creating links to other pages and objects

74
Q

HTML 5

A

making it possible to embed images, audio, video and other elements directly into a document without processor-intensive add-ons

75
Q

Web Services

A

A set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages.

76
Q

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

A

foundation of Web Services

77
Q

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

A

set of self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application

78
Q

Open Source 2

A

make their programs available to users under one of several licensing schemes.

79
Q

Software as a service (SaaS)

A

delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service

80
Q

Mashups

A

mix and match software components to create their own customized applications and too share information with others

81
Q

Apps

A

small pieces of software that are generally delivered over the internet.

82
Q

Capacity planning

A

the process of predicting when a computer hardware system becomes saturated

83
Q

Scalability

A

ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down

84
Q

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model

A

used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help determine the actual cost of owning a specific technology

85
Q

Outsourcing

A

contract with an external service provider to run their computer center and networks, to develop new software, or to manage all of the components of their IT infrastructures

86
Q

Web hosting Service

A

maintains large Web servers, or a series of servers,

87
Q

Offshore software outsourcing

A

when firms outsource software work outside their national borders

88
Q

Service Level Agreements (SLAs)

A

formal contract between customers and their service providers that defines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer.

89
Q

Software localization

A

entire process of converting software to operate in a second language

IT 360T (10 decks)

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