ISSA Nutritionist: Unit 1 Flashcards
cell
The cell is the most basic structural and functional unit of all living things. All living tissues are built from ells.
cells have two basic roles
to get nutrients from the food that we eat, and
to use these nutrients for the raw materials and fuel to keep us alive.
metabolism
Sum of reactions that take place to build up and break down the body
Organization of the human body
Atoms combine to form molecules. Molecules and atoms combine to form organelles. Organelles work together to form cells. Similar types of cells form tissue, and tissues join to make up the various bodily organs. Groups of organs that work closely together form organ systems, and it is these organ systems that ultimately sustain an organism.
Ecosystem
dynamic, interactive, interconnected networks of living things.
Organism
An organism is a definably self-contained living system.
homeostasis
The body’s ability to maintain a stable and constant internal condition
Integumentary system
This system protects the body from external damage. It includes your skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and other external structures.
Skeletal system
This system gives the body a rigid structure so that it can move and hold itself up. It includes your bones, tendons, ligaments, and other structures.
Muscular system
This system moves us, whether it’s to move you across the room, to move your blood through blood vessels, or to move food through your intestines. This system includes your skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles (in your heart), and smooth muscles (part of arteries and veins, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, uterus, and more).
Nervous system
This system sends electrochemical signals that trigger thoughts, emotions, and movement as well as involuntary activity (such as breathing). It includes your brain as well as a vast network of nerves and supporting structures.
Endocrine system
This is your cellular communication system. It includes your hormonal organs and glands, including the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal glands, testes, ovaries, and more.
Circulatory system
This system transports hormones, enzymes, nutrients, and other chemicals throughout the body. It includes your heart, blood, and blood vessels.
enzyme
A substance that helps catalyze chemical reactions
Immune system
This system protects against pathogens, tumor cells, and other foreign invaders. It includes your thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and other similar organs.
Respiratory system
This system brings in oxygen and excretes carbon dioxide. It includes your nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, and other airways and gas exchange organs.
Digestive system
This system breaks down and absorbs nutrients from food and drink. It includes your oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and the other organs associated with digestion including the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and bile duct.
Urinary system:
This system produces, stores, and eliminates urine. It includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and related organs and glands.
Reproductive system
This system controls reproduction as well as sexual development. It includes your sex organs and glands.
Organ systems
Organ systems are made up of individual organs. Each organ has at least one specific job, and often several.
Tissues
tissues make up our organs.
Epithelial tissues
make up our skin.
Connective tissues
make up structures such as our joints and fascia.
Muscle tissues
make up our skeletal muscles and heart, and are part of several other organ systems
